Theory of didactic situations and remote education in pandemic times: a proposal for teaching the concept of volume through the Google Meet platform and GeoGebra software

Em meio à pandemia do Coronavírus – COVID 19 e ao distanciamento social que causou o fechamento de todas as instituições de ensino de todo o mundo, professores foram obrigados, de forma emergencial, a reinventarem-se no processo de transmissão do ensino para os estudantes com o propósito de diminuir o impacto que tal situação provocou no procedimento estratégico do aprendizado. Diante disso, este artigo apresenta alguns resultados de uma investigação em andamento, que acontece no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará – IFCE, Brasil, cuja aplicação foi realiza por intermédio do Ensino Remoto. Esses resultados buscaram responder ao seguinte questionamento: É possível, por intermédio do Ensino Remoto, aplicar as dialéticas da Teoria das Situações Didáticas (ação, formulação, validação e institucionalização), de modo a promover o desenvolvimento lógico dedutivo para a resolução de problemas? Dessa forma, apresenta-se uma situação didática no viés do ENEM que foi estruturada nas quatro fases da TSD, com o amparo do software GeoGebra e alicerçada na EDF, em que a principal característica é a produção de recursos didáticos e a formação de professor. Utilizou-se o GeoGebra para modelar o problema, pois possibilita que o aprendiz movimente e visualize elementos e propriedades matemáticas essenciais para o desenvolvimento do raciocínio lógico-dedutivo necessários à resolução de problemas.In the midst of the Coronavirus pandemic - COVID 19 and the social detachment that caused the closure of all educational institutions around the world, teachers were forced, in an emergency way, to reinvent themselves in the process of transmitting education to students with the purpose of reducing the impact that this situation had on the strategic learning procedure. In light of this, this article presents some results of an ongoing investigation, which takes place at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará - IFCE, Brazil, whose application was carried out through Remote Education. These results sought to answer the following question: Is it possible, through Remote Teaching, to apply the dialectic of Theory of Didactic Situations (action, formulation, validation and institutionalization), in order to promote the deductive logical development for solving problems? In this way, a didactic situation is presented from the perspective of ENEM that was structured in the four phases of TSD, with the support of the GeoGebra software and based on EDF, in which the main characteristic is the production of didactic resources and teacher training. GeoGebra was used to model the problem, as it allows the learner to move and visualize elements and mathematical properties essential for the development of logical-deductive reasoning necessary to solve problems.Facultad de Informátic

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Visceral Leishmaniasis Revealing Undiagnosed Inborn Errors of Immunity

ABSTRACT Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a potentially fatal disease and may be associated with primary or acquired immunodeficiencies. There are few reports, in the literature, of inborn errors of immunity. Here, we report two cases of VL as a marker of inborn errors of immunity, namely, GATA2 and RAB27A deficiency. Our data suggest that VL patients should be screened for primary immunodeficiency, particularly in cases of VL relapse

PERFIL DE PACIENTES EM USO DE TERAPIA DUPLA COM DOLUTEGRAVIR E LAMIVUDINA, COORTE RETROSPECTIVA DE VIDA REAL

Introdução: O uso a longo prazo dos antirretrovirais (ARVs) e suas toxicidades são um desafio no atual manejo de pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids (PVHA). Com ARVs mais potentes e com maior barreira genética, a terapia dupla (TD) está atualmente recomendada em várias situações. Métodos: Análise retrospectiva realizada até agosto/2022 em PVHA atendidas no CRT DST/AIDS, São Paulo, utilizando TD baseada em Dolutegravir (DTG) 50 mg + Lamivudina (3TC) 300 mg ≥ 365 dias. Dados foram capturados dos prontuários e inseridos na plataforma REDCAP juntamente a verificação de dispensas de ARVs pelo Sistema de Controle Logístico de Medicamentos (SICLOM). Resultados: Em um total 8849 pacientes ativos na instituição, identificamos 383 elegíveis à inclusão e análise. Características da população: homem cisgênero 294 (76,1%), brancos 284 (74,1%), ensino superior completo 171 (44,6%), mediana de idade 56,9 anos, mediana de idade no diagnóstico 38 anos, tempo médio de infecção pelo HIV 16,9 anos, contagem linfócitos TCD4 >500 células 315 (82,2%). Identificamos 9 óbitos (2 doença cardiovascular, 2 COVID-19 e 5 sem dados), 371 vivos em seguimento e 3 sem dados. Em relação aos ARVs: tempo médio de exposição 13,5 anos, número médio de esquemas prévios 3,1 (1 naive, 249 um a três esquemas e 133 quatro ou mais), exposição prévia aos Inibidores de Integrase 218 (56,9%). Principais esquemas prévios a TD: Tenofovir (TDF) + 3TC + DTG 166 (43%), Abacavir (ABC) + 3TC + DTG 44 (11,4%), Zidovudina (AZT) + 3TC + DTG 32 (8,3%), TDF + 3TC + Efavirenz (EFZ) 30 (7,8%), ABC + 3TC + EFZ 29 (7,5%) e 82 outros esquemas. Principais razões para TD: comorbidade óssea 110, comorbidade renal 95, conveniência posológica 82, comorbidade cardiovascular 44, outros eventos adversos 40 (lipodistrofia, elevação de transaminases e dislipidemia) e 54 (14%) sem dados. Identificamos pacientes com mais de uma razão. Em relação a manutenção da TD: 371 (96,9%) mantiveram uso, 8 trocas de esquema (2 falhas virológicas, 1 otimização de TARV após blip sem confirmação de falha, 1 presença de M184V em genotipagem prévia e 4 motivos clínicos) e 4 sem dados. Tempo médio de uso de TD no momento da análise 2,4 anos. Não foi possível avaliar ausência de falha virológica prévia em toda população. Conclusão: Uso de TD com Dolutegravir e Lamivudina, pode ser uma opção segura em PVHA em supressão viral, em uso de terapia antirretroviral há vários anos, sem falha virológica prévia

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora