Modelagem e implementação de aplicações usando uma base computacional orientada a objetos para sistemas de energia elétrica

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica.A presente dissertação de mestrado descreve os resultados de uma investigação sobre a modelagem e a implementação de aplicações computacionais sob o paradigma de uma nova filosofia de desenvolvimento de software para sistemas de energia elétrica (SEE). Neste contexto utilizam-se abstrações bem definidas, uma base computacional capaz de representar as mais diversas instâncias do SEE, a Unified Modeling Language (UML) para a documentação e padrões de projeto orientados a objeto. No âmbito das abstrações há uma nítida separação entre a representação de elementos físicos, aplicações de análise e módulos de funções específicas. Neste trabalho, os instrumentos descritos foram utilizados na modelagem e implementação de três metodologias de análise da operação de SEE: (i) cálculo de fluxo de potência, modelos Newton-Raphson e Desacoplado-Rápido; (ii) avaliação da segurança dinâmica usando modelagem detalhada; (iii) seleção e classificação de contingências críticas usando modelagem simplificada e ambiente de processamento paralelo. O projeto e a implementação das aplicações foram realizados com os recursos da base computacional e com o aproveitamento de códigos já desenvolvidos e testados. O escopo dos resultados deste trabalho compreende o processo de desenvolvimento de software propriamente dito e o desempenho computacional específico das aplicações implementadas. No primeiro caso destacam-se a verificação das facilidades propiciadas pela base computacional à incorporação de novas metodologias de análise de SEE bem como a geração de aplicações computacionais de fácil manutenção e incorporação de novos modelos e equipamentos. Na avaliação do desempenho computacional foram realizadas simulações com três configurações do sistema elétrico das regiões sul e sudeste do Brasil, obtendo-se resultados comparáveis ao de programas tradicionalmente empregados no setor elétrico brasileiro

Controle hierárquico usando sinais de medição fasorial sincronizada

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia ElétricaOs sistemas de medição fasorial sincronizada (SPMS) também conhecidos como Wide-Area Measurement Systems (WAMS) apresentam-se como um novo paradigma no processo de monitoração do sistema elétrico. Estes sistemas são capazes de medir fasores, distantes geograficamente, com taxas de amostragem muito superiores aos tradicionais sistemas SCADA. Por meio dos SPMS é possível realizar uma monitoração da dinâmica do sistema elétrico. Aplicações de monitoração que utilizem dados de SPMS vêm sendo bastante exploradas na área de sistemas de energia. Alguns operadores já contam com este sistema disponível na sala de controle. Em termos de pesquisa, questiona-se de que maneira os dados de SPMS podem vir a melhorar o desempenho dinâmico do sistema elétrico. Diversos trabalhos são encontrados na literatura apresentando o seu potencial para a melhoria dos atuais esquemas de controle e proteção. O objetivo do presente trabalho é de investigar a potencialidade da utilização de dados fasoriais sincronizados na melhoria da estabilidade angular a pequenos sinais dos sistemas elétricos. Diferentes esquemas de controle são encontrados na literatura para este fim. Especificamente, neste trabalho, o objetivo principal é o de explorar um esquema de controle hierárquico constituído de duas camadas, sendo uma descentralizada (local) e outra centralizada (localizada no centro de operação). O projeto de controladores hierárquicos considerando sinais de medição fasorial apresentam muitos desafios entre os quais a existência de atrasos no processo de medição e controle, controladores com realimentação de saídas de baixa ordem e seleção de pontos de medição e controle. Duas abordagens baseadas em métodos de otimização analíticos e paramétricos são apresentadas para a realização deste projeto. Como método analítico utiliza-se o do controle ótimo, e como método paramétrico o de busca direta e híbrido. Destaca-se a aplicação original do método híbrido, e que inclui o método do gradiente amostrado que apresenta potencial para o projeto de controladores centralizados na área de sistemas elétricos de potência. Adicionalmente, são também apresentados métodos para seleção de sinais adicionais e pontos de medição e controle, baseados em análise modal. Finalmente, métodos explorados são aplicados para o projeto de controle hierárquico de dois sistema elétricos de diferente porte. O desempenho do sistema é avaliado para diferentes perturbações e condições de operação

Mesenchymal stem cells secretome : The cornerstone of cell-free regenerative medicine

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the most frequently used stem cells in clinical trials due to their easy isolation from various adult tissues, their ability of homing to injury sites and their potential to differentiate into multiple cell types. However, the realization that the beneficial effect of MSCs relies mainly on their paracrine action, rather than on their engraftment in the recipient tissue and subsequent differentiation, has opened the way to cell-free therapeutic strategies in regenerative medicine. All the soluble factors and vesicles secreted by MSCs are commonly known as secretome. MSCs secretome has a key role in cell-to-cell communication and has been proven to be an active mediator of immune-modulation and regeneration both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the use of secretome has key advantages over cell-based therapies, such as a lower immunogenicity and easy production, handling and storage. Importantly, MSCs can be modulated to alter their secretome composition to better suit specific therapeutic goals, thus, opening a large number of possibilities. Altogether these advantages now place MSCs secretome at the center of an important number of investigations in different clinical contexts, enabling rapid scientific progress in this field.Supported by Spanish Ministerio de Economía y competitividad, No. RTI2018-097324; Predoctoral program in Biomedicine from the University of Cantabria and the Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla (IDIVAL), No. PREVAL 19/02 and PREVAL 20/01

Graft dysfunction in simultaneous pancreas kidney transplantation (SPK): Results of concurrent kidney and pancreas allograft biopsies

Simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplants offer significant therapeutic advantages but present a diagnostic approach dilemma in the diagnosis of rejection. Because both organs are from the same donor, the kidney has been treated traditionally as the “sentinel” organ to biopsy, presumably representing the status of both allografts. Truly concurrent biopsy studies, however, are needed to confirm this hypothesis. We examined 101 concurrent biopsies from 70 patients with dysfunction in either or both organs. Results showed concurrent rejection in 23 of 57 (40%) of cases with rejection; 19 of 57 (33.5%) and 15 of 57 (26.5%) showed kidney or pancreas only rejection, respectively. The degree and type of rejection differed in the majority (13 of 23, 56.5%) of cases with concurrent rejection, with the pancreas more often showing higher rejection grade. Taking into account pancreas dysfunction, a positive kidney biopsy should correctly predict pancreas rejection in 86% of the instances. However, the lack of complete concordance between the 2 organs, the discrepancies in grade and type of rejection, and the tendency for higher rejection grades in concurrent or pancreas only rejections, all support the rationale for pancreas biopsies. The latter provide additional data on the overall status of the organ, as well as information on nonrejection-related pathologies.Fil: Uva, Pablo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; Argentina. Instituto de Nefrología de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Papadimitriou, J. C.. University of Maryland; Estados UnidosFil: Drachenberg, Cinthia B.. University of Maryland; Estados UnidosFil: Toniolo, María F.. Instituto de Nefrología de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Quevedo, Alejandra. Instituto de Nefrología de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Dotta, A. C.. Instituto de Nefrología de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Chuluyan, Hector Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; ArgentinaFil: Casadei, D. H.. Instituto de Nefrología de Buenos Aires; Argentin

A Estratégia Da Aprendizagem Baseada Em Equipes Em Um Curso De Direito

O Curso de Direito da FADITU, assim como a maioria das Escolas de Direito brasileiras, utiliza extensivamente a Educação Tradicional no ensino-aprendizagem. Buscando aproximar os discentes e principalmente os docentes de formas ativas de aprendiza-gem planejou-se, no segundo semestre do ano de 2011, um momento na grade curri-cular de cada série do curso, denominada “oficina”, em que se utilizou a estratégia da Aprendizagem Baseada em Equipes (ABE), do inglês, Team Based Learning (TBL) como condutora do processo ensino-aprendizagem, pois ela possibilita a um professor tra-balhar com um grande grupo de estudantes, realidade de nossa instituição e de muitas no Brasil. Essa formatação permitiu aplicá-la nessa experiência no Curso de Direito da FADITU, na qual todas as disciplinas trabalharam de forma integrada, tendo como base uma mesma temática e utilizando-se do TBL

Albiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Harmony Outcomes): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial

Background: Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists differ in chemical structure, duration of action, and in their effects on clinical outcomes. The cardiovascular effects of once-weekly albiglutide in type 2 diabetes are unknown. We aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of albiglutide in preventing cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Methods: We did a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in 610 sites across 28 countries. We randomly assigned patients aged 40 years and older with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (at a 1:1 ratio) to groups that either received a subcutaneous injection of albiglutide (30–50 mg, based on glycaemic response and tolerability) or of a matched volume of placebo once a week, in addition to their standard care. Investigators used an interactive voice or web response system to obtain treatment assignment, and patients and all study investigators were masked to their treatment allocation. We hypothesised that albiglutide would be non-inferior to placebo for the primary outcome of the first occurrence of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke, which was assessed in the intention-to-treat population. If non-inferiority was confirmed by an upper limit of the 95% CI for a hazard ratio of less than 1·30, closed testing for superiority was prespecified. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02465515. Findings: Patients were screened between July 1, 2015, and Nov 24, 2016. 10 793 patients were screened and 9463 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to groups: 4731 patients were assigned to receive albiglutide and 4732 patients to receive placebo. On Nov 8, 2017, it was determined that 611 primary endpoints and a median follow-up of at least 1·5 years had accrued, and participants returned for a final visit and discontinuation from study treatment; the last patient visit was on March 12, 2018. These 9463 patients, the intention-to-treat population, were evaluated for a median duration of 1·6 years and were assessed for the primary outcome. The primary composite outcome occurred in 338 (7%) of 4731 patients at an incidence rate of 4·6 events per 100 person-years in the albiglutide group and in 428 (9%) of 4732 patients at an incidence rate of 5·9 events per 100 person-years in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·78, 95% CI 0·68–0·90), which indicated that albiglutide was superior to placebo (p<0·0001 for non-inferiority; p=0·0006 for superiority). The incidence of acute pancreatitis (ten patients in the albiglutide group and seven patients in the placebo group), pancreatic cancer (six patients in the albiglutide group and five patients in the placebo group), medullary thyroid carcinoma (zero patients in both groups), and other serious adverse events did not differ between the two groups. There were three (<1%) deaths in the placebo group that were assessed by investigators, who were masked to study drug assignment, to be treatment-related and two (<1%) deaths in the albiglutide group. Interpretation: In patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, albiglutide was superior to placebo with respect to major adverse cardiovascular events. Evidence-based glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists should therefore be considered as part of a comprehensive strategy to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes. Funding: GlaxoSmithKline

Identification of the Most Effective Point of Connection for Battery Energy Storage Systems Focusing on Power System Frequency Response Improvement

With the massive penetration of intermittent generation (wind and solar), the reduction of Electrical Power Systems’ (EPSs) inertial frequency response represents a new challenge. One alternative to deal with this scenario may be the application of a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS). However, the main constraint for the massive deployment of BESSs is the high acquisition cost of these storage systems which in some situations, can preclude their use in transmission systems. The main goal of this paper is to propose a systematic procedure to include BESSs in power system aiming to improve the power system frequency response using full linear models and geometric measures. In this work, a generic battery model is developed in a two-area test system with assumed high wind penetration and full conventional generators models. The full power system is linearized, and the geometric measures of controllability associated with of the frequency regulation mode are estimated. Then, these results are used to identify the most effective point of connection for a BESS aiming at the improvement of the power system frequency response. Nonlinear time-domain simulations are carried out to evaluate and validate the results

Identification of the most effective point of connection for battery energy storage systems focusing on power system frequency response improvement

With the massive penetration of intermittent generation (wind and solar), the reduction of Electrical Power Systems’ (EPSs) inertial frequency response represents a new challenge. One alternative to deal with this scenario may be the application of a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS). However, the main constraint for the massive deployment of BESSs is the high acquisition cost of these storage systems which in some situations, can preclude their use in transmission systems. The main goal of this paper is to propose a systematic procedure to include BESSs in power system aiming to improve the power system frequency response using full linear models and geometric measures. In this work, a generic battery model is developed in a two-area test system with assumed high wind penetration and full conventional generators models. The full power system is linearized, and the geometric measures of controllability associated with of the frequency regulation mode are estimated. Then, these results are used to identify the most effective point of connection for a BESS aiming at the improvement of the power system frequency response. Nonlinear time-domain simulations are carried out to evaluate and validate the results114FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP2015/18806-7; 2016/08645-9

Development and assessment of second generation WTG models in an open source platform

Currently, there is a substantial demand for mathematical models of wind power generators in power system simulation tools. This can be explained by two factors: (i) wind now contributes a significant part of the power produced in different power systems around the world; (ii) one requirement to design an intelligent renewable power infrastructure is to rely on accurate and open models to simulate the different components of an electric power system (EPS). This article presents the development and implementation of second-generation generic wind turbine generators (WTGs) models in the Power System Toolbox (PST)—open source software for power system transient simulation. The evaluation of these models is performed using simulation studies on two test systems: a single machine infinite bus (SMIB) system, and the IEEE 68-Bus system. Transient stability and small signal analysis are performed using Type-3 and Type-4 wind turbines models to assess the performance of such modelsCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPnão tem2016/08645-

A teaching tool for phasor measurement estimation

This paper discusses the design and usage of a Simulink-based phasor measurement unit (PMU) simulator package. The simulator and PMU data is available upon request from the first author. The motivation for developing the package is to provide a flexible environment for teaching phasor measurement and frequency estimation to advanced undergraduate and graduate students, and providing a knowledge base to students for research. This software allows for the exploration of the algorithms and phenomena involved in the phasor estimation process. The package is built on the Simulink platform and is able to process simulated signals as well as measured point-on-wave data. The popularity and relevance of the proposed package is evaluated using formal questioners29419811988CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQ201249/2011-1This work was supported by the Brazilian Government Research Agency (CNPq) grant 201249/2011-1, Engineering Research Center Program of the NSF and the DoE under Award Number EEC-1041877 and the CURENT Industry Partnership Program. Paper no. TPWRS-00705-201