Spatial Arrangement and the Making of Cosmos in Huaulu Society

This is a study about spatial arrangement and cosmological order of Huaulu society in Seram Island,Eastern Indonesia. Research and data collection had been conducted by ethnography. The problem is derived from Valerio Valeri's works on Huaulu spatial arrangement that is considered unfinished. In Huaulu, there are four basic directions recognizable to its people, namely rai, lau, roe, and ria—they can be translated respectively to South, North, East, and West. However, among several meanings associated to them, there is also association with the direction to the interior or mountain, the direction to the sea, the direction to the forest or “outside world”, and the direction to the village or “inside world”, respectively. By positing Huaulu village as point of reference, we can clearly see that the island interior is always situated in the South, whereas the sea is always situated in the North; hence, the translation forrai and lau is South and North. But, in respect of roe and ria, their translations are more problematic, since their connotations as “outside” and “inside” donot imply direct relation to East and West. Valeri left this problem unanswered by leaving us a question: why does in some context at Huaulu “outside” stand to “inside” as “East” stand to “West”? By answering this question, this article aims to complete the reconstruction of Huaulu spatial arrangement and cosmological order that had been started—and left unfinished—by Valeri more than three decades ago. The result is a basic geometrical order that underlies Huaulu cosmology

Surgery and Rehabilitation Treatment Options for Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injuries of the Elbow for Baseball Athletes: A Systematic Review

Context: There is currently a lack of information on ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injuries for athletic trainers. Most of the literature addressed the surgical options in detail and depending on the study, information for rehabilitation may be limited or not even included. Further, there are a limited number of studies that compare the different surgical techniques to each other as well.;Objective: To provide a comparison of the Jobe technique to the Docking technique, in regard to surgery, success rates, and rehabilitation process.;Data Sources: PubMed (1960-2014), MEDLINE (1960-2014), CINAHL with full text (1960-2014), SPORTDiscus full text (1960-2014), Science Direct (1960-2014), and Google Scholar were searched using the terms ulnar collateral ligament, elbow, baseball, reconstruction and treatment. Second, the term ulnar collateral ligament was combined with each of the following terms: surgery, Jobe technique, Docking technique, and rehabilitation. Third, cross-referenced citations were used from studies that included information not found in searches.;Study Selection: Studies were included based on the following criteria: 1) written in English or an English translation; 2) ulnar collateral ligament, baseball athletes, throwing athletes, surgical techniques, elbow, reconstruction, rehabilitation, or various forms of these terms were mentioned in the title of the study; 3) ulnar collateral ligament, baseball athletes, throwing athletes, surgical techniques, elbow, reconstruction, rehabilitation, or various forms of these terms were mentioned in the abstract; 4) ulnar Collateral ligament reconstruction and rehabilitation was the main focus of the study; 5) the study was an experimental study or cohort study. Studies were excluded on the following criteria: 1) they are not written in or translated into English; 2) studies do not involve the Jobe or Docking technique as a surgical option; 3) injury did not pertain to the UCL of the elbow.;Data Extraction: All studies that met the inclusion criteria were evaluated using the Coleman Methodology Score (CMS). Each study included was read first by each evaluator without the Coleman Methodology Score. The studies included were read a second time using the Coleman Methodology Score. Final score was within a range of 0 to 100. Once all studies have were read and evaluated, the evaluators\u27 met to compare scores. When discrepancies were found, the evaluators\u27 discussed the criterion in question and agreed on a final score.;Data Synthesis: Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated with the Coleman Methodology Score. The methodology scores ranged from 37-62, average score was 49.2 out of 100. Six studies scored fair and 6 studies scored poor on the CMS. Success between surgical techniques was inconclusive for all surgical techniques examined based on CMS scores.;Conclusion: The CMS scores ranged from fair to poor. It can be concluded that no recommendations can be made on what surgical technique is considered to be the best options for UCL reconstruction and that results may remain inconclusive

IO vs OI in Higher-Order Recursion Schemes

We propose a study of the modes of derivation of higher-order recursion schemes, proving that value trees obtained from schemes using innermost-outermost derivations (IO) are the same as those obtained using unrestricted derivations. Given that higher-order recursion schemes can be used as a model of functional programs, innermost-outermost derivations policy represents a theoretical view point of call by value evaluation strategy.Comment: In Proceedings FICS 2012, arXiv:1202.317

The influence of surface characteristics on the tribological interactions at the shoe-surface interface in tennis

During dynamic tennis specific movements, such as accelerating and side stepping, the traction provided by a shoe-surface combination plays an important role in the injury risk and performance of the player. Acrylic hard court tennis surfaces have been reported to have increased injury occurrence due to an increased traction coefficient. There is a requirement for an improved scientific understanding of the tribological interactions at the shoe surface interface and the effects footwear and surface parameters have on the friction mechanism developed. Often mechanical test methods used for the testing and categorisation of playing surfaces do not tend to simulate loads occurring during participation on the surface, and thus are unlikely to predict human response to the surface. A new traction testing device, discussed in this paper, has been developed to mechanically measure the traction force between the shoe and the surface under appropriate loading conditions. Acrylic Harcourt tennis surfaces generally have a rough surface topography, due to a sand and acrylic paint mixed top coating, and have a deformable under layer to provide impact attenuation. Surface micro-roughness has been found to influence the friction mechanisms presents during viscoelastic contacts, as found in footwear-surface interactions. This paper aims to further understand the influence of micro-roughness on tennis surfaces. The micro-roughness and traction of a controlled set of acrylic hard court tennis surfaces have been measured. The influence of roughness on tennis surfaces traction is discussed

Estimation of Dynamic Grinding Wheel Wear in Plunge Grinding

Using conventional grinding wheels, self-excited vibrations are one of the most limiting factors in terms of productivity and process stability in cylindrical plunge grinding. Depending on the dynamic behavior of the workpiece and machine, vibrations of the workpiece copy on the grinding wheel's surface, caused by uneven wear. This results in increasing waviness of the grinding wheel and by that, increasing workpiece vibration. Electromagnetic actuators are capable of influencing the dynamic process forces and therefore, the wear. The authors pursue the objective, to achieve an active control of the tool wear for low workpiece vibration and high workpiece quality. Therefore, a tool-wear-model which enables the estimation of the grinding wheel's surface is proposed. The parameterization of the model is realized carrying out a set of reference processes with subsequent identification. Aside from the dynamic tool wear, the workpiece oscillation is simulated by the model. A Kalman Filter is utilized to adjust the model onto the current process using the measured workpiece oscillation. Thus, it is possible to achieve an online estimation of the wave amplitude and phase angle on the grinding wheel's surface as well as their progression. © 2017 The Authors

Single‐cell omics: Overview, analysis, and application in biomedical science

Single-cell sequencing methods provide the highest resolution insight into cellular heterogeneity. Owing to their rapid growth and decreasing cost, they are now widely accessible to scientists worldwide. Single-cell technologies enable analysis of a large number of cells, making them powerful tools to characterise rare cell types and refine our understanding of diverse cell states. Moreover, single-cell application in biomedical sciences helps to unravel mechanisms related to disease pathogenesis and outcome. In this Viewpoint, we briefly describe existing single-cell methods (genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, and mulitomics), comment on available analysis tools, and give examples of method applications in the biomedical field

Potential of the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard the Sentinel-5 Precursor for the monitoring of terrestrial chlorophyll fluorescence

Global monitoring of sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) is improving our knowledge about the photosynthetic functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. The feasibility of SIF retrievals from spaceborne atmospheric spectrometers has been demonstrated by a number of studies in the last years. In this work, we investigate the potential of the upcoming TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard the Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite mission for SIF retrieval. TROPOMI will sample the 675–775 nm spectral window with a spectral resolution of 0.5 nm and a pixel size of 7 km × 7 km. We use an extensive set of simulated TROPOMI data in order to assess the uncertainty of single SIF retrievals and subsequent spatio-temporal composites. Our results illustrate the enormous improvement in SIF monitoring achievable with TROPOMI with respect to comparable spectrometers currently in-flight, such as the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument. We find that TROPOMI can reduce global uncertainties in SIF mapping by more than a factor of 2 with respect to GOME-2, which comes together with an approximately 5-fold improvement in spatial sampling. Finally, we discuss the potential of TROPOMI to map other important vegetation parameters at a global scale with moderate spatial resolution and short revisit time. Those include leaf photosynthetic pigments and proxies for canopy structure, which will complement SIF retrievals for a self-contained description of vegetation condition and functioning

A urinary Common Rejection Module (uCRM) score for non-invasive kidney transplant monitoring.

A Common Rejection Module (CRM) consisting of 11 genes expressed in allograft biopsies was previously reported to serve as a biomarker for acute rejection (AR), correlate with the extent of graft injury, and predict future allograft damage. We investigated the use of this gene panel on the urine cell pellet of kidney transplant patients. Urinary cell sediments collected from patients with biopsy-confirmed acute rejection, borderline AR (bAR), BK virus nephropathy (BKVN), and stable kidney grafts with normal protocol biopsies (STA) were analyzed for expression of these 11 genes using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). We assessed these 11 CRM genes for their abundance, autocorrelation, and individual expression levels. Expression of 10/11 genes were elevated in AR when compared to STA. Psmb9 and Cxcl10could classify AR versus STA as accurately as the 11-gene model (sensitivity = 93.6%, specificity = 97.6%). A uCRM score, based on the geometric mean of the expression levels, could distinguish AR from STA with high accuracy (AUC = 0.9886) and correlated specifically with histologic measures of tubulitis and interstitial inflammation rather than tubular atrophy, glomerulosclerosis, intimal proliferation, tubular vacuolization or acute glomerulitis. This urine gene expression-based score may enable the non-invasive and quantitative monitoring of AR

Cell-Free DNA and CXCL10 Derived from Bronchoalveolar Lavage Predict Lung Transplant Survival.

Standard methods for detecting chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) and rejection have poor sensitivity and specificity and have conventionally required bronchoscopies and biopsies. Plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has been shown to be increased in various types of allograft injury in transplant recipients and CXCL10 has been reported to be increased in the lung tissue of patients undergoing CLAD. This study used a novel cfDNA and CXCL10 assay to evaluate the noninvasive assessment of CLAD phenotype and prediction of survival from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. A total of 60 BAL samples (20 with bronchiolitis obliterans (BOS), 20 with restrictive allograft syndrome (RAS), and 20 with stable allografts (STA)) were collected from 60 unique lung transplant patients; cfDNA and CXCL10 were measured by the ELISA-based KIT assay. Median cfDNA was significantly higher in BOS patients (6739 genomic equivalents (GE)/mL) versus STA (2920 GE/mL) and RAS (4174 GE/mL) (p < 0.01 all comparisons). Likelihood ratio tests revealed a significant association of overall survival with cfDNA (p = 0.0083), CXCL10 (p = 0.0146), and the interaction of cfDNA and CXCL10 (p = 0.023) based on multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression. Dichotomizing patients based on the median cfDNA level controlled for the mean level of CXCL10 revealed an over two-fold longer median overall survival time in patients with low levels of cfDNA. The KIT assay could predict allograft survival with superior performance compared with traditional biomarkers. These data support the pursuit of larger prospective studies to evaluate the predictive performance of cfDNA and CXCL10 prior to lung allograft failure