Logro educativo en la adopción internacional

The aim of this article is to examine the fact that internationally adopted children, as compared with non adopted, are behind in educational achievement. The paper analyses learning difficulties, language development, hyperactivity behaviour (ADHD) as well as other aspects regarding the educationof adopted children. The research results presented indicate that their capacity for intellectual performance may be limited on account of genetic and adversity factors.Key words: international adoption, educational achievement.El propósito de este artículo es estudiar los resultados del éxito educativo de los niños de adopción internacional comparado con los no adoptados.El artículo analiza las dificultades de aprendizaje, el desarrollo del lenguaje,las conductas hiperactivas, así como otros aspectos de la educación de los niños adoptados. La investigación indica que su capacidad intelectual puede verse limitada a causa de factores genéticos y adversos.Palabras clave: adopción internacional, éxito educacional

Logro educativo en la adopción internacional

The aim of this article is to examine the fact that internationally adopted children, as compared with non adopted, are behind in educational achievement. The paper analyses learning difficulties, language development, hyperactivity behaviour (ADHD) as well as other aspects regarding the educationof adopted children. The research results presented indicate that their capacity for intellectual performance may be limited on account of genetic and adversity factors.Key words: international adoption, educational achievement.El propósito de este artículo es estudiar los resultados del éxito educativo de los niños de adopción internacional comparado con los no adoptados.El artículo analiza las dificultades de aprendizaje, el desarrollo del lenguaje,las conductas hiperactivas, así como otros aspectos de la educación de los niños adoptados.La investigación indica que su capacidad intelectual puede verse limitada a causa de factores genéticos y adversos.Palabras clave: adopción internacional, éxito educacional

School performance of international adoptees better than expected from cognitive test results

Objective: To investigate school performance of international adoptees in relation to their cognitive competence. Method: From the population of all male Swedish residents born 1973–1976, registered in the census 1985 and with complete test scores from military conscription, the following study groups were identified: Korean adoptees (n = 320), non-Korean adoptees (n = 1,125), siblings (children born by adoptive parents, n = 190) and Swedish majority comparisons (n = 142,024). Global scores from intelligence tests at conscription were compared with grade points from the last compulsory school year (year 9). Linear and logistic regression was applied in statistical analyses. Results: The mean grade points in theoretical subjects were lower in non-Korean adoptees than in the majority population, but when global test scores from military conscription were adjusted for, outcomes were significantly better, equal for physics, than in the majority population. The grade points of Korean adoptees were higher than in the majority population and the same held true after adjusting for global test scores. When SES was taken into account, the risk of poor school performance (only completed lower subject levels) increased in non-Korean adoptees compared to models only adjusted for age and sex. Conclusion: Male international adoptees generally perform better in school than expected by their cognitive competence. A cognitive evaluation is important in the assessment of adoptees with learning difficulties

Agrárpiaci Jelentések ÉLŐÁLLAT ÉS HÚS

Az Amerikai Egyesült Államok agrárminisztériumának (USDA) októberben megjelent rövid távú projekciója szerint a világ marhahústermelése 930 ezer tonnával 61,4 millió tonnára emelkedhet az idén a 2016. évihez képest. Az USDA adatai szerint az Egyesült Államokban a bika ára 3,82 dollár (USD)/kilogramm hasított hideg súly volt 2017 szeptemberében, 1,6 százalékkal nőtt az egy évvel korábbihoz viszonyítva. Brazíliában a szarvasmarha ára brazil reálban kifejezve 4,4 százalékkal csökkent 2017 szeptemberében az előző év azonos hónapjának átlagárához képest. Argentínában a szarvasmarha ára argentin pezóban kifejezve 10 százalékkal emelkedett ugyanekkor. Az Európai Bizottság októberben megjelent rövid távú előrevetítése szerint az EU marhahústermelése várhatóan 7,9 millió tonna körül alakul 2017-ben, nem változik számottevően az előző évihez viszonyítva. A projekció szerint a marhahús kibocsátása 2018-ban előreláthatóan 7,85 millió tonnára csökken. Az Európai Unióban a fiatal bika „R3” kereskedelmi osztály vágóhídi belépési ára 3,83 euró/kilogramm hasított hideg súly volt 2017 szeptemberében, 5,3 százalékkal nőtt az egy évvel korábbihoz képest. Magyarországon a fiatal bika termelői ára 793 forint/kilogramm hasított meleg súly volt 2017 szeptemberében, 1,4 százalékkal nőtt az előző év azonos hónapjának átlagárához viszonyítva. A vágótehén ára 18,1 százalékkal, a vágóüszőé 22,9 százalékkal emelkedett ugyanekkor

Genome editing in food and feed production – implications for risk assessment. Scientific Opinion of the Scientific Steering Committee of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment

The Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment (VKM) initiated this work to examine the extent to which organisms developed by genome-editing technologies pose new challenges in terms of risk assessment. This report considers whether the risk assessment guidance on genetically modified organisms, developed by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), can be applied to evaluate potential risks of organisms developed by genome editing. Background Gene technology has allowed for the transfer of genes between organisms and species, and thereby to design altered genotypes with novel traits, i.e. GMOs. A new paradigm started in the early 2000s with the development of genome-editing techniques. Unlike traditional genetic modification techniques resulting in insertion of foreign DNA fragments at random locations in the genome, the new genome-editing techniques additionally open for a few single nucleotide edits or short insertions/deletions at a targeted site in an organism’s genome. These new techniques can be applied to most types of organisms, including plants, animals and microorganisms of commercial interest. An important question is how the novel, genome-edited organisms should be evaluated with respect to risks to health and the environment. The European Court of Justice decided in 2018 to include genome-edited organisms in the GMO definition and hence in the regulatory system already in place. This implies that all products developed by genome-editing techniques must be risk-assessed within the existing regulatory framework for GMOs. The European and Norwegian regulatory frameworks regulate the production, import and placing on the market of food and feed containing, consisting of or produced from GMOs, as well as the release of GMOs into the environment. The assessment draws on guidance documents originally developed by EFSA for risk assessment of GMOs, which were drawn up mainly to address risks regarding insertion of transgenes. The new genome-editing techniques, however, provide a new continuum of organisms ranging from those only containing a minor genetic alteration to organisms containing insertion or deletion of larger genomic regions. Risk assessment of organisms developed by genome editing The present discourse on how new genome-editing techniques should be regulated lacks an analysis of whether risk assessment methodologies for GMOs are adequate for risk assessment of organisms developed through the use of the new genome-editing techniques. Therefore, this report describes the use of genome-editing techniques in food and feed production and discusses challenges in risk assessment with the regulatory framework. Specifically, this report poses the question as to whether the EFSA guidance documents are sufficient for evaluating risks to health and environment posed by genome-edited plants, animals and microorganisms. To address these questions, the report makes use of case examples relevant for Norway. These examples, intended for food and feed, include oilseed rape with a modified fatty acid profile, herbicide-tolerant and pest-resistant crops, sterile salmon, virus-resistant pigs and hornless cattle. The report considers all aspects of the stepwise approach as described in the EFSA guidance documents. Conclusions The inherent flexibility of the EFSA guidance makes it suitable to cover health and environmental risk assessments of a wide range of organisms with various traits and intended uses. Combined with the embedded case-by-case approach the guidance is applicable to genome-edited organisms. The evaluation of the guidance demonstrates that the parts of the health and environmental risk assessment concerned with novel traits (i.e. the phenotype of the organism) may be fully applied to all categories of genome-edited organisms. ............acceptedVersionpublishedVersio

Genome editing in food and feed production – implications for risk assessment. Scientific Opinion of the Scientific Steering Committee of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment

The Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment (VKM) initiated this work to examine the extent to which organisms developed by genome-editing technologies pose new challenges in terms of risk assessment. This report considers whether the risk assessment guidance on genetically modified organisms, developed by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), can be applied to evaluate potential risks of organisms developed by genome editing. Background Gene technology has allowed for the transfer of genes between organisms and species, and thereby to design altered genotypes with novel traits, i.e. GMOs. A new paradigm started in the early 2000s with the development of genome-editing techniques. Unlike traditional genetic modification techniques resulting in insertion of foreign DNA fragments at random locations in the genome, the new genome-editing techniques additionally open for a few single nucleotide edits or short insertions/deletions at a targeted site in an organism’s genome. These new techniques can be applied to most types of organisms, including plants, animals and microorganisms of commercial interest. An important question is how the novel, genome-edited organisms should be evaluated with respect to risks to health and the environment. The European Court of Justice decided in 2018 to include genome-edited organisms in the GMO definition and hence in the regulatory system already in place. This implies that all products developed by genome-editing techniques must be risk-assessed within the existing regulatory framework for GMOs. The European and Norwegian regulatory frameworks regulate the production, import and placing on the market of food and feed containing, consisting of or produced from GMOs, as well as the release of GMOs into the environment. The assessment draws on guidance documents originally developed by EFSA for risk assessment of GMOs, which were drawn up mainly to address risks regarding insertion of transgenes. The new genome-editing techniques, however, provide a new continuum of organisms ranging from those only containing a minor genetic alteration to organisms containing insertion or deletion of larger genomic regions. Risk assessment of organisms developed by genome editing The present discourse on how new genome-editing techniques should be regulated lacks an analysis of whether risk assessment methodologies for GMOs are adequate for risk assessment of organisms developed through the use of the new genome-editing techniques. Therefore, this report describes the use of genome-editing techniques in food and feed production and discusses challenges in risk assessment with the regulatory framework. Specifically, this report poses the question as to whether the EFSA guidance documents are sufficient for evaluating risks to health and environment posed by genome-edited plants, animals and microorganisms. To address these questions, the report makes use of case examples relevant for Norway. These examples, intended for food and feed, include oilseed rape with a modified fatty acid profile, herbicide-tolerant and pest-resistant crops, sterile salmon, virus-resistant pigs and hornless cattle. The report considers all aspects of the stepwise approach as described in the EFSA guidance documents. Conclusions The inherent flexibility of the EFSA guidance makes it suitable to cover health and environmental risk assessments of a wide range of organisms with various traits and intended uses. Combined with the embedded case-by-case approach the guidance is applicable to genome-edited organisms. The evaluation of the guidance demonstrates that the parts of the health and environmental risk assessment concerned with novel traits (i.e. the phenotype of the organism) may be fully applied to all categories of genome-edited organisms. ............publishedVersio

Genome editing in food and feed production – implications for risk assessment. Opinion of the Steering Committee of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment

publishedVersio

Genome editing in food and feed production – implications for risk assessment

The Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment (VKM) initiated this work to examine the extent to which organisms developed by genome-editing technologies pose new challenges in terms of risk assessment. This report considers whether the risk assessment guidance on genetically modified organisms, developed by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), can be applied to evaluate potential risks of organisms developed by genome editing.acceptedVersio