APLICAÇÃO DE PERFIS DE VARREDURA NA ANÁLISE GEOMORFOLÓGICA DO RELEVO DE BORDA PLANÁLTICA E MAPEAMENTO DE SUPERFÍCIES ESTRUTURAIS

O presente trabalho teve como principal objetivo a aplicação de perfis de varredura para análise geomorfológica na borda planáltica entre o Segundo e Terceiro Planaltos Paranaenses. Os perfis de varredura permitem reconstituir a inclinação dos planos tangenciais às linhas de cumeada e a identificação de faixas de transição de patamares. Foram identificadas oito superfícies estruturais (SE), que são controladas e delimitadas por falhas normais e definem o Alto Estrutural de Mauá da Serra

Stress-Induced GSK3 Regulates the Redox Stress Response by Phosphorylating Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase in Arabidopsis.

Diverse stresses such as high salt conditions cause an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), necessitating a redox stress response. However, little is known about the signaling pathways that regulate the antioxidant system to counteract oxidative stress. Here, we show that a Glycogen Synthase Kinase3 from Arabidopsis thaliana (ASKα) regulates stress tolerance by activating Glc-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), which is essential for maintaining the cellular redox balance. Loss of stress-activated ASKα leads to reduced G6PD activity, elevated levels of ROS, and enhanced sensitivity to salt stress. Conversely, plants overexpressing ASKα have increased G6PD activity and low levels of ROS in response to stress and are more tolerant to salt stress. ASKα stimulates the activity of a specific cytosolic G6PD isoform by phosphorylating the evolutionarily conserved Thr-467, which is implicated in cosubstrate binding. Our results reveal a novel mechanism of G6PD adaptive regulation that is critical for the cellular stress response

Transcriptome profiling of grapevine seedless segregants during berry development reveals candidate genes associated with berry weight

Indexación: Web of Science; PubMedBackground Berry size is considered as one of the main selection criteria in table grape breeding programs. However, this is a quantitative and polygenic trait, and its genetic determination is still poorly understood. Considering its economic importance, it is relevant to determine its genetic architecture and elucidate the mechanisms involved in its expression. To approach this issue, an RNA-Seq experiment based on Illumina platform was performed (14 libraries), including seedless segregants with contrasting phenotypes for berry weight at fruit setting (FST) and 6–8 mm berries (B68) phenological stages. Results A group of 526 differentially expressed (DE) genes were identified, by comparing seedless segregants with contrasting phenotypes for berry weight: 101 genes from the FST stage and 463 from the B68 stage. Also, we integrated differential expression, principal components analysis (PCA), correlations and network co-expression analyses to characterize the transcriptome profiling observed in segregants with contrasting phenotypes for berry weight. After this, 68 DE genes were selected as candidate genes, and seven candidate genes were validated by real time-PCR, confirming their expression profiles. Conclusions We have carried out the first transcriptome analysis focused on table grape seedless segregants with contrasting phenotypes for berry weight. Our findings contributed to the understanding of the mechanisms involved in berry weight determination. Also, this comparative transcriptome profiling revealed candidate genes for berry weight which could be evaluated as selection tools in table grape breeding programs.http://bmcplantbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12870-016-0789-

Avaliação da utilização de fitogênicos em combinação ou não com leveduras em substituição a antibióticos para frangos de corte.

Resumo Objetivou-se avaliar a inclusão de uma combinação de carvacrol + cinnamaldeído e outra de carvacrol + cinnamaldeído + leveduras sobre o desempenho, rendimento de órgãos, morfometria intestinal e parâmetros bioquímicos séricos em frangos de corte. Foram utilizados 360 pintos de corte fêmeas da linhagem COBB 500, distribuídos no primeiro dia de idade em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, composto por quatro tratamentos: controle negativo, flavomicina, carvacrol + cinnamaldeído e carvacrol + cinnamaldeído + leveduras, constituídos por seis repetições com 15 animais cada. O blend fitogênicos + leveduras compreendeu o uso de 75% de leveduras e 25% de extratos herbais, em sua composição, na fase de 1-21 dias, 50% de leveduras e 50% de extratos herbais em 22-35 dias e 25% de leveduras e 75% de extratos herbais em 35-42 dias. Houve redução (P0,05) sobre o rendimento de órgãos e a altura das vilosidades intestinais (P>0,05), entretanto, a profundidade de cripta foi maior (P0,05) entre os parâmetros bioquímicos séricos avaliados. A inclusão de carvacrol e cinnamaldeído + leveduras pode substituir os antibióticos na alimentação de frangos de corte, garantindo adequado desempenho produtivo, sem comprometer o órgãos, morfometria intestinal e a bioquímica sérica. Abstract: The objective was to evaluate the inclusion of a combination of carvacrol + cinnamaldehyde and carvacrol + cinnamaldehyde + yeasts on performance, organ yield, intestinal morphometry and serum biochemical parameters in broilers. 360 female broiler chicks of the COBB 500 strain were used, distributed on the first day of age in a completely randomized experimental design, composed of four treatments: negative control, flavomycin, carvacrol + cinnamaldehyde and carvacrol + cinnamaldehyde + yeasts, consisting of six replicates with 15 animals each. The phytogenic + yeast blend comprised the use of 75% yeast and 25% herbal extracts, in their composition, in the 1-21 day phase, 50% yeast and 50% herbal extracts in 22-35 days and 25% yeast and 75% herbal extracts in 35-42 days. There was a reduction (P 0.05) in the organ yield and the height of the intestinal villi (P> 0.05), however, the crypt depth was greater (P0.05) between the serum biochemical parameters evaluated. The inclusion of carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde + yeasts can replace antibiotics in the feed of broilers, guaranteeing adequate productive performance and without compromising organs, intestinal morphometry and serum biochemistry. Resumen: El objetivo fue evaluar la inclusión de una combinación de carvacrol + cinamaldehído y carvacrol + cinamaldehído + levaduras sobre el rendimiento, rendimiento de órganos, morfometría intestinal y parámetros bioquímicos séricos en pollos. Se utilizaron 360 aves COBB 500, distribuidos el primer día de edad en un diseño experimental completamente aleatorizado, con cuatro tratamientos: control negativo, flavomicina, carvacrol + cinamaldehído y carvacrol + cinamaldehído + levaduras, compuesto por seis réplicas con 15 animales cada. La mezcla fitogénica + levadura consistió en el uso de 75% de levadura y 25% de fitogénicos, en su composición, en la fase de 1-21 días, 50% de levadura y 50% de fitogénicos en 22-35 días y 25% de levadura y 75% fitogénicos en 35-42 días. Hubo una reducción (P0.05) en el rendimiento de órganos y la altura de las vellosidades intestinales (P>0.05), sin embargo, la profundidad de la cripta fue mayor (P0,05) en los parámetros bioquímicos séricos. La inclusión de levaduras + carvacrol y cinamaldehído puede sustituir a los antibióticos en la alimentación de los pollos, garantizando adecuado rendimiento productivo, sin comprometer órganos, morfometría intestinal y bioquímica sérica

Avaliação da utilização de óleos essenciais de canela, orégano e eucalipto via água de bebida para frangos de corte.

Resumo: A restrição ao uso de antimicrobianos como promotores de crescimento na produção de frangos de corte vem se mostrando como um grande desafio. O uso de moléculas alternativas, que apresentam propriedades antimicrobianas, visa substituir estes fármacos. Os óleos essenciais são moléculas com grande potencial para substituir promotores de crescimento. Contudo objetivou-se avaliar o uso de óleos essenciais derivados de Eucalyptus globulus, Cinnamomum zeylanicus e Origanum vulgare via água de bebida para os frangos de corte. Foram utilizados 450 pintos machos da linhagem COBB, estes distribuídos por delineamento experimental, sendo composto por quatro tratamentos constituídos por seis repetições, com 15 animais em cada repetição. O experimento foi composto por: controle negativo, controle positivo (2ppm flavomicina via ração), óleo de canela + orégano (300 ml/1000L), e óleo de eucalipto (300 ml/1000L). Diferenças foram observadas no desempenho zootécnico (p0.05), assim como os parâmetros histomorfométricos intestinais (P>0,05). Conclui-se que os óleos essenciais foram capazes de substituir a flavomicina como promotor de crescimento, garantindo adequado desempenho zootécnico e sem afetar a saúde dos animais. Palavras-chave: Desempenho zootécnico; Óleos essenciais; Promotores de crescimento. Abstract: The restriction use of antimicrobials as growth promoters in the production of broiler chickens has proven to be a major challenge. The use of alternative molecules, which have antimicrobial properties, aims to replace these drugs. Essential oils are molecules with great potential to replace growth promoters. The objective of this trial was to evaluate the use of essential oils derived from Eucalyptus globulus, Cinnamomum zeylanicus and Origanum vulgare via drinking water for broiler chickens. 450 COBB male chicks were used, distributed by experimental design, consisting of four treatments consisting of six replicates, with 15 animals in each replicate. The experiment consisted of negative control, positive control (2ppm flavomycin via feed), cinnamon oil + oregano (300 ml/1000L), and eucalyptus oil (300 ml/1000L). Differences were observed in zootechnical performance (p0.05), as well as the intestinal histomorphometric parameters (P>0.05). It concluded that the essential oils were able to replace flavomycin as a growth promoter, ensuring adequate zootechnical performance and without affecting the animals' health. Keywords: Zootechnical performance; Essential oils; Growth promoters. Resumen: Restringir el uso de antimicrobianos como promotores del crecimiento en la producción de pollos de engorde ha demostrado ser un gran desafío. El uso de moléculas alternativas, que tienen propiedades antimicrobianas, tiene como objetivo reemplazar estos medicamentos. Los aceites esenciales son moléculas con gran potencial para reemplazar a los promotores del crecimiento. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar el uso de aceites esenciales derivados de Eucalyptus globulus, Cinnamomum zeylanicus y Origanum vulgare vía agua potable para pollos de engorde. Se utilizaron 450 pollos machos COBB, distribuidos en cuatro tratamientos, compuestos por seis repeticiones, con 15 animales en cada repetición. El experimento consistió en: control negativo, control positivo (2ppm de flavomicina vía pienso), aceite de canela + orégano (300 ml/1000L) y aceite de eucalipto (300 ml/1000L). Se observaron diferencias en el desempeño zootécnico (p 0.05), así como los parámetros histomorfométricos intestinales (P> 0.05). Se concluye que los aceites esenciales lograron reemplazar a la flavomicina como promotor del crecimiento, asegurando un adecuado desempeño zootécnico y sin afectar la salud de los animales. Palabras clave: Rendimiento zootécnico; Aceites esenciales; Promotores del crecimiento

Novel Acid-Activated Fluorophores Reveal a Dynamic Wave of Protons in the Intestine of Caenorhabditis elegans

Unlike the digestive systems of vertebrate animals, the lumen of the alimentary canal of C. elegans is unsegmented and weakly acidic (pH ~ 4.4), with ultradian fluctuations to pH > 6 every 45 to 50 seconds. To probe the dynamics of this acidity, we synthesized novel acid-activated fluorophores termed Kansas Reds. These dicationic derivatives of rhodamine B become concentrated in the lumen of the intestine of living C. elegans and exhibit tunable pKa values (2.3–5.4), controlled by the extent of fluorination of an alkylamine substituent, that allow imaging of a range of acidic fluids in vivo. Fluorescence video microscopy of animals freely feeding on these fluorophores revealed that acidity in the C. elegans intestine is discontinuous; the posterior intestine contains a large acidic segment flanked by a smaller region of higher pH at the posterior-most end. Remarkably, during the defecation motor program, this hot spot of acidity rapidly moves from the posterior intestine to the anterior-most intestine where it becomes localized for up to 7 seconds every 45 to 50 seconds. Studies of pH-insensitive and base-activated fluorophores as well as mutant and transgenic animals revealed that this dynamic wave of acidity requires the proton exchanger PBO-4, does not involve substantial movement of fluid, and likely involves the sequential activation of proton transporters on the apical surface of intestinal cells. Lacking a specific organ that sequesters low pH, C. elegans compartmentalizes acidity by producing of a dynamic hot spot of protons that rhythmically migrates from the posterior to anterior intestine

Addition of capsaicin in the mdiet of turkeys: effects on growth performance and antioxidant and oxidant status in serum and in meat.

Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the addition of different levels of capsaicin in the diet of female turkeys has beneficial effects on growth performance and the antioxidant and oxidant status in serum and meat. A total of 150 female turkeys were distributed in a completely randomized design with three treatments with five replicates per treatment and ten birds per experimental unit. Treatments were identified as control (without additive); T400 – basal diet containing 400 mg/kg of pepper extract per kg of feed; and T800 – basal diet supplemented with 800 mg/kg of pepper extract per kg of feed. Growth performance was measured on days 1 and 20 of the experiment. Blood samples were collected at 20 days of the experiment for analysis of the oxidant and antioxidant status, and at 20 days, five birds were euthanized per treatment for the analysis of the oxidant and antioxidant status of the meat. The turkeys fed diet supplemented with capsaicin had lower feed intake and better feed:gain ratio. Turkeys in the T800 treatment showed a reduction in serum levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thiobarbituric acid, and this same effect was observed for ROS in their breast meat. Capsaicin supplementation improves feed conversion and reduces feed intake without altering weight gain in female turkeys. Furthermore, the addition of 800 g/ton reduces lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in the serum and reduces protein oxidation in broiler turkey meat. Resumo:O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se a adição de diferentes níveis de capsaicina na dieta de perus fêmeas têm efeitos benéficos no desempenho e no status antioxidante e oxidante no soro e na carne. Foram utilizadas 150 perus fêmeas distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com três tratamentos com cinco repetições por tratamento e dez aves por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos foram identificados como controle (sem aditivo); T400 – dieta basal contendo 400 mg/kg de extrato de pimenta por kg de ração; e T800 – dieta basal suplementada com 800 mg/kg de extrato de pimenta por kg de ração. O desempenho foi medido nos dias 1 e 20 do experimento. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas aos 20 dias de experimento para análise do estado oxidante e antioxidante, e aos 20 dias cinco aves foram eutanasiadas por tratamento para análise do estado oxidante e antioxidante da carne. Os perus alimentados com dieta suplementada com capsaicina apresentaram menor consumo de ração e melhor conversão alimentar. Os perus no tratamento T800 apresentaram redução nos níveis séricos de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ROS) e ácido tiobarbitúrico, e esse mesmo efeito foi observado para ROS na carne do peito. A suplementação de capsaicina melhora a conversão alimentar e reduz o consumo de ração sem alterar o ganho de peso em perus fêmeas. Além disso, a adição de 800 g/ton reduz a peroxidação lipídica e a oxidação de proteínas no soro e reduz a oxidação de proteínas na carne de peru de corte

Evaluation of liquid xylanase and phytase added after broiler feed pelletization.

Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the addition of the enzymes phytase and xylanase, isolated or associated, in the liquid form after feed pelletization could improve energy utilization and digestibility of calcium and phosphorus by broiler chickens. Three experiments were performed using 120 birds each, divided into five treatments with eight replicates per group (n = 3), identified as: experiment 1 (xylanase: control, 1000 IU, 1500 IU, 2000 IU, 2500 IU), experiment 2 (phytase: control, 500 FTU, 1000 FTU, 1500 FTU, 2000 FTU), experiment 3 (xylanase + phytase: control, 3000 IU + 500 FTU, 3000 IU + 1000 FTU, 3000 IU + 1500 FTU, 3000 IU + 2000 FTU). Samples for digestibility tests were collected at 14 to 21 days of age. Therefore, the inclusion of liquid phytase and liquid phytase + xylanase after pelletization in broiler diets has become a relevant way to reduce the inclusion of inorganic P, which can reduce the cost of feed and P excretion in the environment. Furthermore, it is an interesting strategy to avoid enzyme denaturation in the pelleting process