PENGGUNAAN TEKNIK BERTANYA DALAM PERKULIAHAN CHINESE COMPREHENSIVE (提问技巧在汉语综合课中的运用)

Classroom question is the main mode and vital part of classroom teaching, as well as an important means of communication between teachers and students. Classroom question generates interest and sustains thinking, feedbacks the knowledge of students timely, captures effective teaching information, regulates the teaching process, improves the teaching quality, all to benefit both teaching and learning. This test studies the classroom questioning of Chinese Comprehensive of three grades in University of Bunda Mulia of Indonesia. Three teachers’ classroom questioning and feedbacks  are compared and analyzed to choose the more practical one in comparatively, aming to supply some kind of reference for improving teachers’ classroom questioning techniques

Exploring the law of text geographic information

Textual geographic information is indispensable and heavily relied upon in practical applications. The absence of clear distribution poses challenges in effectively harnessing geographic information, thereby driving our quest for exploration. We contend that geographic information is influenced by human behavior, cognition, expression, and thought processes, and given our intuitive understanding of natural systems, we hypothesize its conformity to the Gamma distribution. Through rigorous experiments on a diverse range of 24 datasets encompassing different languages and types, we have substantiated this hypothesis, unearthing the underlying regularities governing the dimensions of quantity, length, and distance in geographic information. Furthermore, theoretical analyses and comparisons with Gaussian distributions and Zipf's law have refuted the contingency of these laws. Significantly, we have estimated the upper bounds of human utilization of geographic information, pointing towards the existence of uncharted territories. Also, we provide guidance in geographic information extraction. Hope we peer its true countenance uncovering the veil of geographic information.Comment: IP

Discharge efficiency in high-Xe-content plasma display panels

We study theoretically the overall output performance and the dominating reaction processes of the vacuum ultraviolet (UV) radiation production in high-Xe partial pressures in plasma display panels (PDPs) with Ne-Xe gas mixtures. A two-dimensional self-consistent fluid model is applied for the simulations of discharges and UV radiation in sustaining phases of PDPs. The UV intensity increases with the Xe partial pressure (P-Xe). The discharge efficiency also increases with P-Xe. The resonant radiation from Xe(P-3(1)) dominates for 3.5%, while that from Xe-2((3)Sigma(u)(+)) becomes dominant over Xe(P-3(1)) for 10%-30%. Remarkably for 30%, the intensity from Xe-2((1)Sigma(u)(+)) is even larger than that from Xe(P-3(1)). It is found that for higher P-Xe, the UV radiation mainly consists of the excimer radiation from Xe-2((1)Sigma(u)(+)) and Xe-2((3)Sigma(u)(+)). Here, Xe(P-3(1)) does not play a role itself as the UV radiator of the resonant radiation (147 nm), but as the precursor to Xe-2((1)Sigma(u)(+)), which results in the excimer radiation (173 nm). (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics

Tolerance of the freeze-dried mouse sperm nucleus to temperatures ranging from −196 °C to 150 °C

It has long been believed that tolerance against extreme environments is possible only for ‘lower’ groups, such as archaea, bacteria or tardigrades, and not for more ‘advanced’ species. Here, we demonstrated that the mammalian sperm nucleus also exhibited strong tolerance to cold and hot temperatures. When mouse spermatozoa were freeze-dried (FD), similar to the anhydrobiosis of Tardigrades, all spermatozoa were ostensibly dead after rehydration. However, offspring were obtained from recovered FD sperm nuclei, even after repeated treatment with conditions from liquid nitrogen to room temperature. Conversely, when FD spermatozoa were heated at 95 °C, although the birth rate was decreased with increasing duration of the treatment, offspring were obtained even for FD spermatozoa that had been heat-treated for 2 h. This period was improved up to 6 h when glucose was replaced with trehalose in the freeze-drying medium, and the resistance temperature was extended up to 150 °C for short periods of treatment. Randomly selected offspring grew into healthy adults. Our results suggest that, when considering the sperm nucleus/DNA as the material that is used as a blueprint of life, rather than cell viability, a significant tolerance to extreme temperatures is present even in ‘higher’ species, such as mammals

Performance Evaluation of MDO Architectures within a Variable Complexity Problem

Though quite a number of multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) architectures have been proposed for the optimal design of large-scale multidisciplinary systems, how their performance changes with the complexity of MDO problem varied is not well studied. In order to solve this problem, this paper presents a variable complexity problem which allows people to obtain a MDO problem with arbitrary complexity by specifying its changeable parameters, such as the number of disciplines and the numbers of design variables. Then four investigations are performed to evaluate how the performance of different MDO architectures changes with the number of disciplines, global variables, local variables, and coupling variables varied, respectively. Finally, the results supply guidance for the selection of MDO architectures in solving practical engineering problems with different complexity

Tunable hysteresis effect for perovskite solar cells

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) usually suffer from a hysteresis effect in current–voltage measurements, which leads to an inaccurate estimation of the device e fficiency. Although ion migration, charge trapping/ detrapping, and accumulation have been proposed as a b asis for the hysteresis, the origin of the hysteresis has not been apparently unraveled. Herein we reporte d a tunable hysteresis effect based uniquely on open- circuit voltage variations in printable mesos copic PSCs with a simplified triple-layer TiO 2 /ZrO 2 /carbon architecture. The electrons are collected by the compact TiO 2 /mesoporous TiO 2 (c-TiO 2 /mp-TiO 2 )bilayer, and the holes are collected by the carbon layer. By adj usting the spray deposition cycles for the c-TiO 2 layer andUV-ozonetreatment,weachievedhysteresis-norm al, hysteresis-free, and hysteresis-inverted PSCs. Such unique trends of tunable hysteresis are anal yzed by considering the polarization of the TiO 2 /perovskite interface, which can accumulate positive charges reversibly. Successfully tuning of the hysteresis effect clarifies the critical importance of the c-TiO 2 /perovskite interface in controlling the hysteretic trends observed, providing important insights towards the understanding of this rapidly developing photovoltaic technology

Upregulation of CA 19-9 in the Mouse Kidney Following Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction

High serum levels of carbohydrate antigen19-9 (CA19-9) have been detected in patients with pancreatic cancer and described in several recent case reports of patients with hydronephrosis. However, the mechanism of high serum levels of CA19-9 among hydronephrosis cases remains to be elucidated. In this study, we established a mouse unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model to investigate the expression of CA19-9 protein in renal tissue. To investigate the progression of hydronephrosis following UUO, MR urography and pathological analysis were performed. CA19-9 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. MR urography revealed that the grade of pelvic dilatation increased in a time dependent manner. Pathologically, both interstitial cellular infiltration and fibrosis were detected from the second to the fourteenth day after surgery in UUO mice. CA19-9 was detected in the UUO kidney after the second day. The immunoblot analysis revealed that the elevated expression of CA19-9 was demonstrated at an early stage of obstructive nephropathy. Our study shows that the ureteral obstructed kidney is dominated by cell infiltration and induced fibrosis. The selective expression of CA19-9 was detected in renal fibrous tissue. Based on these findings, the level of CA19-9 might be a good indicator for onset of renal fibrosis induced by obstruction