A Literature Review on Intelligent Services Applied to Distance Learning

Distance learning has assumed a relevant role in the educational scenario. The use of Virtual Learning Environments contributes to obtaining a substantial amount of educational data. In this sense, the analyzed data generate knowledge used by institutions to assist managers and professors in strategic planning and teaching. The discovery of students’ behaviors enables a wide variety of intelligent services for assisting in the learning process. This article presents a literature review in order to identify the intelligent services applied in distance learning. The research covers the period from January 2010 to May 2021. The initial search found 1316 articles, among which 51 were selected for further studies. Considering the selected articles, 33% (17/51) focus on learning systems, 35% (18/51) propose recommendation systems, 26% (13/51) approach predictive systems or models, and 6% (3/51) use assessment tools. This review allowed for the observation that the principal services offered are recommendation systems and learning systems. In these services, the analysis of student profiles stands out to identify patterns of behavior, detect low performance, and identify probabilities of dropouts from courses.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

REFLEXÕES ACERCA DA CONSTRUÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO NO SERVIÇO SOCIAL: PARTICULARIDADES DA PESQUISA SOCIAL

The present article is a collective construction of the conclusion of the discipline of the Dissertation Seminar of the authors, in the Graduate Program in Social Work at Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP). For this analysis, a literature review was carried out on. Among the reflections presented in this scope, it must be considered that many theorists carried out their studies critically reflecting on the role of the University. It is noticed that the University as a social institution is subject to responsibility in the construction and dissemination of knowledge. In addition to the points highlighted above, there are discussions about the fact that the University plays an extremely important role not only in the training of human resources, but also in the generation of technical-scientific knowledge for the socioeconomic development of the Institution itself. This discussion tends to broaden the debate on the references that although universities fulfill very similar functions, the relevance of the research carried out, as well as the construction of knowledge, does not have the same intensity, especially between the areas of study.O presente artigo é uma construção coletiva de conclusão da disciplina de  Seminário de Dissertação das autoras, no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Serviço Social  na Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP). Para tal análise  foi realizada revisão de literatura sobre. Dentre as reflexões que se apresentam nesse  escopo há de se considerar que muitos teóricos realizaram seus estudos refletindo  criticamente sobre o papel da Universidade.   Percebe-se que a Universidade enquanto instituição social está sujeita à responsabilidade  na construção e divulgação do conhecimento. Discorre-se além dos pontos evidenciados  acima, sobre discussões a respeito de que a Universidade desempenha papel de suma  importância não somente na formação de recursos humanos, mas também na geração de  conhecimentos técnico-científicos para o desenvolvimento socioeconômico da própria  Instituição. Tende-se com essa discussão ampliar o debate sobre as referências de que embora as universidades cumpram funções muito semelhantes, a relevância das pesquisas realizadas, bem como a construção do conhecimento não tem a mesma intensidade,  sobretudo entre as áreas de estudo.   &nbsp

Antagonistic effect of Trichoderma isolates and its metabolites against Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum in chickpea / Efeito antagonista de isolados de Trichoderma e seus metabólitos contra Fusarium solani e F. oxysporum em grão-de-bico

The aim of this work was to study and select Trichoderma sp. strains with biocontrol potential against Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum, the causal agents of root rot and wilt in chickpea. Antagonism against pathogenic isolates of F. solani and F. oxysporum of twenty-one isolates of Trichoderma sp. obtained from the rhizosphere of chickpea plants were evaluated in vitro through competition in dual culture tests as well as the production of volatile and non-volatile organic compounds exhibiting fungicidal and/or fungistatic activity. In the in vivo experiment, four isolates of Trichoderma sp. were selected and their antagonism was evaluated separately and combined with a commercial product based on T. asperellum under greenhouse conditions. Trichoderma sp. isolates were efficient competitors and produced metabolites capable of inhibiting mycelial growth of both species of Fusarium. Our results show the great versatility of the mechanisms of action from Trichoderma isolates, mainly associated with the production of volatile organic compounds. Despite the antagonistic effect of Trichoderma isolates observed in vitro, these isolates did not control Fusarium neither promote chickpea growth in in vivo conditions.

Mechanistic Insights into the Anti-angiogenic Activity of Trypanosoma cruzi Protein 21 and its Potential Impact on the Onset of Chagasic Cardiomyopathy

Chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC) is arguably the most important form of the Chagas Disease, caused by the intracellular protozoan Trypanosoma cruziit is estimated that 10-30% of chronic patients develop this clinical manifestation. The most common and severe form of CCC can be related to ventricular abnormalities, such as heart failure, arrhythmias, heart blocks, thromboembolic events and sudden death. Therefore, in this study, we proposed to evaluate the anti-angiogenic activity of a recombinant protein from T. cruzi named P21 (rP21) and the potential impact of the native protein on CCC. Our data suggest that the anti-angiogenic activity of rP21 depends on the protein's direct interaction with the CXCR4 receptor. This capacity is likely related to the modulation of the expression of actin and angiogenesis-associated genes. Thus, our results indicate that T. cruzi P21 is an attractive target for the development of innovative therapeutic agents against CCC.Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Departamento Microbiol Imunol Parasitol, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Uberlandia, Inst Ciencias Biomed, Dept Imunol, Lab Tripanosomatideos, Uberlandia, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Uberlandia, Inst Genet & Bioquim, Lab Bioquim & Toxinas Animais, Uberlandia, MG, BrazilCeTICS, Inst Butantan, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Uberlandia, Fac Med, Centro Referencia Nacl Dermatol Sanitaria Hanseni, Lab Patol Mol & Biotecnol, Uberlandia, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Uberlandia, Inst Ciencias Biomed, Dept Immunol, Lab Osteoimunol & Imunol Tumores, Uberlandia, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Departamento Microbiol Imunol Parasitol, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Departamento Microbiol Imunol Parasitol, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Perfil da vítima e características da violência contra a mulher no estado de Rondônia - Brasil

Introdução: A violência contra a mulher é um fenômeno grave que atinge os mais variados grupos. O Norte do Brasil é líder nacional em casos de violência contra a mulher, e o estado de Rondônia, é detentor da sétima maior taxa de feminicídio no Brasil. Objetivos: investigar o perfil da vítima e as características da violência contra a mulher no estado de Rondônia no período de 2007 a 2015. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa. As informações utilizadas foram processadas na base de dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Resultados: De 2007 a 2015 foram notificados 1696 casos de violência contra a mulher no estado de Rondônia, com os maiores índices de prevalência na região de saúde Madeira-Mamoré e Cone Sul. A faixa etária foi a de jovens adultas, dos 19 aos 39 anos, negras/pardas, solteiras e que possuíam o ensino fundamental. As agressões ocorreram em zona urbana, na própria residência da usuária, sendo perpetrada pelo seu parceiro íntimo. A violência física foi vista em 1147 (47,36%) casos notificados, porém, destacou-se também a violência sexual – estupro em 491 (85,99%) mulheres. Sendo que as principais condutas assistenciais tomadas foram a coleta de sangue (26,03%) e as profilaxias contra IST (21,75%) e HIV (21,75%). Discussão e Conclusões: Este estudo demonstrou um elevado número de notificações de violência contra a mulher, tornando-se necessário ampliar os pontos de atenção e fortalecer os já existentes, bem como qualificar os profissionais das diversas áreas de atendimento à mulher em situação de violência.Como citar este artigo: Oliveira CAB, Alencar LN, Cardena RR, Moreira KFA, Pereira PPS, Fernandes DER. Perfil da vítima e características da violência contra a mulher no estado de Rondônia - Brasil. Rev Cuid. 2019; 10(1): e573. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v10i1.573

Intraperitoneal but Not Intravenous Cryopreserved Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Home to the Inflamed Colon and Ameliorate Experimental Colitis

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) were shown to have immunomodulatory activity and have been applied for treating immune-mediated disorders. We compared the homing and therapeutic action of cryopreserved subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT-MSCs) and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) in rats with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis. METHODS: After colonoscopic detection of inflammation AT-MSCs or BM-MSCs were injected intraperitoneally. Colonoscopic and histologic scores were obtained. Density of collagen fibres and apoptotic rates were evaluated. Cytokine levels were measured in supernatants of colon explants. For cell migration studies MSCs and skin fibroblasts were labelled with Tc-99m or CM-DiI and injected intraperitonealy or intravenously. RESULTS: Intraperitoneal injection of AT-MSCs or BM-MSCs reduced the endoscopic and histopathologic severity of colitis, the collagen deposition, and the epithelial apoptosis. Levels of TNF-α and interleukin-1β decreased, while VEGF and TGF-β did not change following cell-therapy. Scintigraphy showed that MSCs migrated towards the inflamed colon and the uptake increased from 0.5 to 24 h. Tc-99m-MSCs injected intravenously distributed into various organs, but not the colon. Cm-DiI-positive MSCs were detected throughout the colon wall 72 h after inoculation, predominantly in the submucosa and muscular layer of inflamed areas. CONCLUSIONS: Intraperitoneally injected cryopreserved MSCs home to and engraft into the inflamed colon and ameliorate TNBS-colitis

PERINATAL CARE IN A NORTHEASTERN BRAZILIAN STATE: STRUCTURE, WORK PROCESSES, AND EVALUATION OF THE COMPONENTS OF ESSENTIAL NEWBORN CARE

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the structure and the processes of care for pregnant women/newborn infants, including the Essential Newborn Care (ENC), in maternity hospitals in Sergipe State, Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study carried out between June 2015 and April 2016 in all maternity hospitals of Sergipe with more than 500 deliveries/year (n=11). A questionnaire on the existing structure and work processes was administered to the managers. Subsequently, a representative number of postpartum women from these hospitals were interviewed (n=768). Their medical records, as well as newborn infants’ records, were also analyzed. Results: Sergipe has 78 beds of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and 90 beds of Intermediate Care Unit (IMCU) to meet spontaneous and programmed demand. Only six maternity hospitals (54.5%) performed the risk classification, and four (36.3%) had protocols for high-risk parturient care. Regarding the ENC components, only 41% (n=315) of the women had early skin-to-skin contact with their babies, 33.1% (n=254) breastfed in the first hour of life, and 18% (n=138) had a companion always during birth. Conclusions: The distribution of NICU beds between capital city and other cities of the State is adequate, considering Brazilian guidelines. However, there was a low adherence to the protocols for hypertensive and hemorrhagic emergencies, and a low coverage of humanization policies, pregnancy risk classification and ENC practices, especially breastfeeding in the first hour of life, and companion always during birth

EFFECTS OF KETAMINE IN METHICILLIN RESISTANT S. aureus AND IN SILICO INTERACTION WITH SORTASE A.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the main human pathogens and is responsible for many diseases ranging from skin infections to more invasive infections. These infections are dangerous and expensive to treat because these strains are resistant to a large number of conventional antibiotics. Having said that, Antibacterial effect of ketamine against MRSA strains, its mechanism of action and in silico interaction with sortase A was evaluated. The antibacterial effect of ketamine was assessed by the broth microdilution method. Subsequently, the mechanism of action was assessed using flow cytometry and molecular docking assays with sortase A. Our results showed that Ketamine has a significant antibacterial activity against MRSA strains in the range of 2.49 to 3.73 mM. Their mechanism of action involves alterations in the membrane integrity and DNA damage, reducing cell viability that provoke death by apoptosis. In addition, Ketamine compound had affinity for S. aureus sortase A. These results indicate that this compound can be an alternative to develop new strategies to combat of infections caused by MRSA.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author

Statistical analysis plan for a cluster-randomized crossover trial comparing the effectiveness and safety of a flexible family visitation model for delirium prevention in adult intensive care units (the ICU Visits Study)

Abstract Background Most adult intensive care units (ICUs) worldwide adopt restrictive family visitation models (RFVMs). However, evidence, mostly from non-randomized studies, suggests that flexible adult ICU visiting hours are safe policies that can result in benefits such as prevention of delirium and increase in satisfaction with care. Accordingly, the ICU Visits Study was designed to compare the effectiveness and safety of a flexible family visitation model (FFVM) vs. an RFVM on delirium prevention among ICU patients, and also to analyze its potential effects on family members and ICU professionals. Methods/design The ICU Visits Study is a cluster-randomized crossover trial which compares an FFVM (12 consecutive ICU visiting hours per day) with an RFVM (< 4.5 ICU visiting hours per day) in 40 Brazilian adult ICUs. Participant ICUs are randomly assigned to either an FFVM or RFVM in a 1:1 ratio. After enrollment and follow-up of 25 patients, each ICU is crossed over to the other visitation model, until 25 more patients per site are enrolled and followed. The primary outcome is the cumulative incidence of delirium measured by the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU. Secondary and tertiary outcomes include relevant measures of effectiveness and safety of ICU visiting policies among patients, family members, and ICU professionals. Herein, we describe all primary statistical procedures that will be used to evaluate the results and perform exploratory and sensitivity analyses of this study. This pre-specified statistical analysis plan was written and submitted without knowledge of the study data. Discussion This a priori statistical analysis plan aims to enhance the transparency of our study, facilitating unbiased analyses of ICU visit study data, and provide guidance for statistical analysis for groups conducting studies in the same field. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02932358. Registered on 11 October 2016