Culture Conditions Effect on Ferment Liquid Activity of Paecilomyces griseoviride Strain U-2 against Aphids

Based on the result of biological assays, the current study determined the suitable conditions of Paecilomyces griseoviride strain U-2 to produce active substance for aphid control. The conditions were: Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media with initial PH 6.0 added in 0.18% MgCl2, 0.3% citrate sodium and 0.4% beef extract; the strain U-2 of Paecilomyces griseoviride was cultured for 6 days on the PDA media in culture flasks and shaken in 26-28 °C,at 200 rpm.Originating text in Chinese.Citation: Dai, Meixue, Zu, Aimin. (1997). Culture Conditions Effect on Ferment Liquid Activity of Paecilomyces griseoviride Strain U-2 against Aphids. Weishengwuxue Zazhi / Journal of Microbiology, 17(4), 27-30

Toxicity of G-P compound Bioinsecticide to Different Developmental Stages of four Dominant Species of Natural Enemies of Aphids

The results of laboratory investigations on the toxicity of the bioinsecticide GP (germ metabolite and plant extract compound) to different developmental stages of four natural enemies of aphids are reported in this paper. G-P insecticide had weak toxicity to adults and pupae of the four species of natural enemies. The toxicity of G-P insecticide to larvae and eggs of different species of natural enemies was different, and that to the great gray syrphid fly, Syrophus corollae (Fabricius) was higher than to other species.Originating text in Chinese.Citation: Dai, Meixue, Zu, Aimin. (1997). Toxicity of G-P compound Bioinsecticide to Different Developmental Stages of four Dominant Species of Natural Enemies of Aphids. Natural Enemies of Insects, 19(4), 145-151

Germ Metabolites and Plant Extracts as Aphicide, their Formulation and Tests for Stability

From studying aphicidal activity in bioassays, we developed a compound from germ metabolites and plant extracts, abbreviated as “G-P aphicide”. The G-P aphicide is composed of culture concentrates of Paecilomyces griseiviride, datura (Datura stramenium) extracts, and Chinese prickly ash (Zanthoxylum bungeanum) extracts in the ratio of 5:1:0.2. The aphicidal activity of 1:400 diluted G-P aphicide against Lipaphis erysimi was 97.9% 48 hours after spraying. The G-P aphicide lost 7.17% and 10.8% of its aphicidal activity after six and 12 months’ storage at room temperature, respectively.Originating text in Chinese.Citation: Dai, Meixue, Zu, Aimin. (1998). Germ Metabolites and Plant Extracts as Aphicide, their Formulation and Tests for Stability. Journal of Shandong Normal University, 13(1), 68-70

Ophiostomatoid species associated with pine trees (Pinus spp.) infested by Cryphalus piceae from eastern China, including five new species

Cryphalus piceae attacks various economically important conifers. Similar to other bark beetles, Cr. piceae plays a role as a vector for an assortment of fungi and nematodes. Previously, several ophiostomatoid fungi were isolated from Cr. piceae in Poland and Japan. In the present study, we explored the diversity of ophiostomatoid fungi associated with Cr. piceae infesting pines in the Shandong Province of China. We isolated ophiostomatoid fungi from both galleries and beetles collected from our study sites. These fungal isolates were identified using both molecular and morphological data. In this study, we recovered 175 isolates of ophiostomatoid fungi representing seven species. Ophiostoma ips was the most frequently isolated species. Molecular and morphological data indicated that five ophiostomatoid fungal species recovered were previously undescribed. Thus, we proposed these five novel species as Ceratocystiopsis yantaiensis, C. weihaiensis, Graphilbum translucens, Gr. niveum, and Sporothrix villosa. These new ophiostomatoid fungi add to the increasing number of fungi known from China, and this evidence suggests that numerous novel taxa are awaiting discovery in other forests of China.Shandong Normal University.https://mycokeys.pensoft.netam2022BiochemistryForestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI)GeneticsMicrobiology and Plant Patholog

Identification of a Phytase Gene in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Background: Endogenous phytase plays a crucial role in phytate degradation and is thus closely related to nutrient efficiency in barley products. The understanding of genetic information of phytase in barley can provide a useful tool for breeding new barley varieties with high phytase activity. Methodology/Principal Findings: Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis for phytase activity was conducted using a doubled haploid population. Phytase protein was purified and identified by the LC-ESI MS/MS Shotgun method. Purple acid phosphatase (PAP) gene was sequenced and the position was compared with the QTL controlling phytase activity. A major QTL for phytase activity was mapped to chromosome 5 H in barley. The gene controlling phytase activity in the region was named as mqPhy. The gene HvPAP a was mapped to the same position as mqPhy, supporting the colinearity between HvPAP a and mqPhy. Conclusions/Significance: It is the first report on QTLs for phytase activity and the results showed that HvPAP a, which shares a same position with the QTL, is a major phytase gene in barley grains

Genetic diversity and QTL mapping of thermostability of limit dextrinase in barley

Limit dextrinase (LD) is an essential amylolytic enzyme for the complete degradation of starch, and it is closely associated with malt quality. A survey of 51 cultivated barley and 40 Tibetan wild barley genotypes showed a wide genetic diversity of LD activity and LD thermostability. Compared with cultivated barley, Tibetan wild barley showed lower LD activity and higher LD thermostability. A doubled haploid population composed of 496 DArT and 28 microsatellite markers was used for mapping Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs). Parental line Yerong showed low LD activity and high LD thermostability, but Franklin exhibited high LD activity and low LD thermostability. Three QTLs associated with thermostable LD were identified. The major QTL is close to the LD gene on chromosome 7H. The two minor QTLs colocalized with previously reported QTLs determining malt-extract and diastatic power on chromosomes 1H and 2H, respectively. These QTLs may be useful for a better understanding of the genetic control of LD activity and LD thermostability in barley

Tibet is one of the centers of domestication of cultivated barley

The Near East Fertile Crescent is well recognized as a primary center of barley origin, diversity, and domestication. A large number of wild barleys have been collected from the Tibetan Plateau, which is characterized by an extreme environment. We used genome-wide diversity array technology markers to analyze the genotypic division between wild barley from the Near East and Tibet. Our results confirmed the existence of Tibetan wild barley and suggested that the split between the wild barleys in the Near East and those in Tibet occurred around 2.76 million years ago (Mya). To test the concept of polyphyletic domestication of barley, we characterized a set of worldwide cultivated barley. Some Chinese hulless and six-rowed barleys showed a close relationship with Tibetan wild barley but showed no common ancestor with other cultivated barley. Our data support the concept of polyphyletic domestication of cultivated barley and indicate that the Tibetan Plateau and its vicinity is one of the centers of domestication of cultivated barley. The current results may be highly significant in exploring the elite germplasm for barley breeding, especially against cold and drought stresses