Solidarity in the wake of COVID-19: reimagining the International Health Regulations

Amid frenzied national responses to COVID-19, the world could soon reach a critical juncture to revisit and strengthen the International Health Regulations (IHR), the multilateral instrument that governs how 196 states and WHO collectively address the global spread of disease.1, 2 In many countries, IHR obligations that are vital to an effective pandemic response remain unfulfilled, and the instrument has been largely side-lined in the COVID-19 pandemic, the largest global health crisis in a century. It is time to reimagine the IHR as an instrument that will compel global solidarity and national action against the threat of emerging and re-emerging pathogens. We call on state parties to reform the IHR to improve supervision, international assistance, dispute resolution, and overall textual clarity

Stabilité thermique de la couche active d’une cellule solaire organique par réticulation

Date du colloque : 11/2012</p

Communication for Peaceful Social Change and Global Citizenry

The adoption of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by the United Nations (UN) in 2015 represents a universal call to action involving multiple international actors for the purpose of eradicating poverty, improving living conditions and promoting peace. This entry provides a theoretical overview of the contributions of scholars and practitioners who highlight the importance of a transformative, educational and emancipatory communication by different social actors to establish the main lines of action for the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This communicative model involves the coordination of actors and strategies, both short- and long-term, cross-cutting actions and discourses to build social, cultural and political settings based on the criteria of peace, equality, social justice and human rights. Specifically, this entails a contribution to the objectives set out in SDG 16, “Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions”, given that the proposed theoretical framework is grounded in Communication for Peace and Communication for Social Change, and includes a systematization of different strategies and experiences from a variety of social issuers, mainly institutions, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) or social movements, aimed at promoting peaceful and inclusive societies. Specifically, communication for peaceful social change and global citizenry contributes to the achievement of specific SDG 16 objectives, particularly 16.1: Significantly reduce all forms of violence... [...

L'exposition internationale du caoutchouc et des autres Produits tropicaux (21 janvier - 6 février 1927).

Chevalier Auguste, Dagron Marcel, Picot G. L'exposition internationale du caoutchouc et des autres Produits tropicaux (21 janvier - 6 février 1927). In: Revue de botanique appliquée et d'agriculture coloniale, 7ᵉ année, bulletin n°68, avril 1927. pp. 233-249

Citizens' media and communication

Citizens’ media and communication are still poorly understood in the mainstream of development policy and practice – and are prone to simplistic forms of implementation, because of the lack of a coherent grasp of the social, cultural, and political processes that make them transformative. Introducing the articles in this guest issue, the authors find that citizens’ media is about more than bringing diverse voices into pluralist politics: it contributes to processes of social and cultural construction, redefining norms and power relations that exclude people. Local ownership and control of their own media can allow people to reshape the spaces in which their voices find expression

Stabilizing polymer-based bulk heterojunction solar cells via crosslinking

cited By 42International audienceReviewed are crosslinking strategies to stabilize the active-layer morphology of organic solar cells, namely donor-to-donor, donor-to-acceptor and acceptor-to-acceptor. The active layer of a polymer photovoltaic cell is mainly based on a blend of two components: a semiconducting polymer (electron donor) and a fullerene derivative (electron acceptor) to form the bulk heterojunction (BHJ). To offer optimum photovoltaic performances, the morphology of this layer has to be very carefully controlled at the nanoscale. The materials of the BHJ require specific phase segregation enabling the optimum photogenerated exciton diffusion and dissociation, and also to ensure pathways for charge carriers to electrodes. However, such a specific morphology is thermodynamically unstable over time and phase segregation occurs with thermal cycling under solar operating conditions inducing a decrease of solar cell efficiency. This review reports on the recent progress towards obtaining a stable optimized BHJ morphology and improved efficiency stability, using different chemical routes for crosslinking the organic semiconductors. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry