Exame Nacional de Desempenho dos Estudantes : uma análise do uso dos resultados no curso de pedagogia da UEMA

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, 2013.Esta tese trata da avaliação da educação superior, com foco no Sistema Nacional de Avaliação da Educação Superior (Sinaes) e recorte no Exame Nacional de Desempenho dos Estudantes (Enade), no curso de Pedagogia da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (Uema). Para desenvolver a pesquisa, analisamos o uso dos resultados do Enade na gestão do curso de Pedagogia da Uema nos campi de Caxias e São Luís. Iniciamos fazendo um apanhado bibliográfico, que se caracterizou pelo estudo de autores que nortearam todo o estudo, bem como o levantamento e a análise de documentos durante todo o processo de construção da tese. O texto foi estruturado de forma a contemplar o processo de criação da universidade no Brasil e a realidade da educação superior, a reforma do Estado brasileiro e o seu impacto na educação superior e também o processo de expansão e privatização desse nível de educação no país. Damos prosseguimento à discussão com os processos avaliativos, ressaltando as propostas e experiências até chegar ao atual sistema de avaliação da educação superior brasileira. contextualizamos a discussão sobre o Enade como instrumento de avaliação, destacando o relatório divulgado pelo Inep em 2009, referente ao Enade 2008 do curso de Pedagogia da Uema, nos campi Caxias e São Luís. Ressaltamos que optamos, no estudo, por uma aproximação com o olhar do materialismo histórico-dialético como método que implica ultrapassar a mera aparência dos fenômenos, propiciando o aprofundamento no conhecimento da essência do objeto que queremos conhecer. Nas nossas análises, tivemos sempre a preocupação de contemplar as categorias analíticas totalidade, contradição e mediação, enquanto os dados empíricos evidenciaram duas outras categorias de análise: qualidade e gestão. Priorizamos analisar os dados da investigação sobre o Enade a partir das repercussões dos resultados do exame na qualidade do mencionado curso e a gestão do uso desses resultados a partir das percepções e proposições de ações apontadas pelos sujeitos entrevistados. No contato com a empiria, realizamos entrevistas semiestruturadas com professores, gestores, estudantes e um representante do Conselho Estadual de Educação do Maranhão. Os estudantes que participaram da pesquisa foram escolhidos dentre aqueles que se submeteram ao Enade em 2008, como ingressantes, e em 2011, como concluintes. Os achados da pesquisa revelam que professores, gestores e estudantes reconhecem a importância da avaliação da educação superior, embora demostrem pouco conhecimento dessa política no tocante ao uso dos resultados como instrumento que pode agregar valor às ações que visem a melhorias de qualidade no curso de Pedagogia da Uema. Afirmam também não perceberem que os resultados do Enade tenham repercutido em melhorias de qualidade do curso de Pedagogia da Uema nos campi de Caxias e São Luís, e ainda que os gestores não os utilizaram no desenvolvimento de ações ou mesmo para discutir os problemas detectados nos dois campi pesquisados. Desse modo, percebemos que a relação entre avaliação, qualidade e gestão precisa avançar e transformar-se verdadeiramente num processo de melhoria para o curso de Pedagogia. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThis thesis deals with the evaluation of higher education, with a focus on the Sistema Nacional de Avaliação da Educação Superior (Sinaes), focusing the Exame Nacional de Desempenho dos Estudantes (Enade) in the Pedagogy course of Universidade Federal do Maranhão (Uema). To develop the research, we analyzed the use of the Enade results in in the management of the Uema Pedagogy course in the campuses of Caxias and São Luís. We started making the bibliographical survey, which was characterized by the study of authors that guided the entire study, as well as the analysis of documents throughout all the construction process of the thesis. The text was structured so as to cover the creation process of the university in Brazil and the reality of higher education, the reform of the Brazilian State and its impact on higher education and also the process of expansion and privatization of that level of education in the country. We continue the discussion with the evaluation processes, highlighting the proposals and experiences to reach the current evaluation system of the Brazilian higher education. We contextualize the discussion about Enade as an evaluation tool, highlighting the report released by Inep in 2009 on the Enade 2008 of the Pedagogy course of Uema in São Luís and Caxias campuses. We emphasize that we chose, in the study, for a rapprochement with a historical-dialectical materialism look, as a method that allows the overcoming of the mere appearance of phenomena, providing a deeper understanding of the essence of the object supposed to be known. In our analysis, we always concerned to contemplate the analytical categories totality, contradiction and mediation, while the empirical data evidenced two other categories of analysis: quality and management. We prioritize to analyze research data on Enade from the repercussions of the examination results in the quality of that course and the management of the use of these results from the perceptions and action proposals mentioned by interviewees. In contact with the empirical reality, we conducted semi structured interviews with teachers, administrators, students and a representative of the Conselho Estadual de Educação do Maranhão. The students who participated in the survey were selected among those who underwent Enade in 2008, as beginners, and in 2011, as graduates. The research findings reveal that teachers, administrators and students recognize the importance of higher education assessment, although they show little knowledge of that policy regarding the use of the results of Enade as a tool that can add value to actions aiming at quality improvements in the Pedagogy course of Uema. They also claim they do not realize that the Enade results have improved the quality of the Pedagogy course in the Uema campuses of São Luís and Caxias, and also that managers do not use the results of Enade for developing actions or even to discuss problems detected in the two campuses surveyed. Thus, we realize that the relationship between evaluation and quality management needs to move forward and become truly a process of improvement for the Pedagogy course. ______________________________________________________________________________ RÉSUMÉCette thèse porte sur l’évaluation de l’enseignement supérieur, en mettant l’accent sur le Sistema de Avaliação Nacional do Ensino Superior (Sinaes) et sur la coupure dans le Exame Nacional de Desempenho dos Estudantes (Enade) au cours de Pédagogie de l’Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (Uema). Pour développer la recherche, on a analysé l’utilisation des résultats de l’Enade dans la gestion du cours de Pedagogie de l’ Uema, dans le campus de Caxias et celui de São Luís. On a commencé en faisant le relèvement de la littérature, qui a été caractérisé par l’étude des auteurs qui ont guidé l’étude dans son ensemble, bien que le relèvement et analyse de documents tout au long du processus de construction de la thèse. Le texte est structuré de façon à couvrir le processus de création de l’université au Brésil et la réalité de l’enseignement supérieur, la réforme de l’État brésilien, son impact sur l’enseignement supérieur, ainsi que le processus de privatisation et expansion de ce niveau d’enseignement dans le pays. Nous continuons la discussion avec les processus d’évaluation, en soulignant les propositions et expériences pour atteindre le système actuel d’évaluation de l’enseignement supérieur au Brésil. On contextualise la discussion sur l’Enade comme outil d’évaluation, en soulignant le rapport publié par l’Inep en 2009 sur l’Enade 2008 du cours de Pédagogie de l’UEMA dans les campus Caxias et São Luís. On mets l’accent sur ce le fait de que nous avons choisi, dans cette étude, un rapprochement avec le regard du matérialisme historique-dialectique comme une méthode qui permet de surmonter la simple apparence des phénomènes et permet une compréhension plus profonde de l’essence de l’objet que nous voulons connaître. Dans notre analyse, nous nous concernons toujours à contempler les catégories analytiques totalité, contradiction et médiation, tandis que les données empiriques ont révélé deux autres catégories d’analyse: qualité et gestion. On a priorisé l’analyse des données de l’investigation sur l’ENADE à partir des répercussions des résultats de l’examen sur la qualité du cours mentionné et la gestion de l’utilisation de ces résultats a partir des perceptions et des propositions d’actions mentionnées par les personnes interrogées. En contact avec l’empirie, nous avons mené des entrevues semi-structurées avec des enseignants, des administrateurs, des étudiants et un représentant du Conselho Estadual de Educação do Maranhão. Les étudiants qui ont participé à l’enquête ont été choisis parmi ceux qui ont subi Enade en 2008, en tant que recrues, et en 2011, en tant que diplômés. Les résultats de la recherche révèlent que les enseignants, les administrateurs et les étudiants reconnaissent l’importance de l’évaluation de l’enseignement supérieur, bien que ils montrent peu de connaissance de cette politique dans ce qui concerne l’utilisation des résultats de l’Enade comme un outil qui peut ajouter de la valeur aux actions visant à améliorer la qualité dans le cadre du cours de Pédagogie de l’UEMA. Ils affirment également qu’ils ne se rendent pas compte que les résultats de Enade ont passé d’améliorations de qualité dans le cours de Pédagogie de l’Uema aux campus de Caxias et São Luís, et que les gestionnaires n’utilisent pas les résultats de l’Enade dans le développement d’actions ou même pour discuter les problèmes détectés dans les deux campus étudiés. Ainsi, nous nous rendons compte que la relation entre l’évaluation et la gestion de la qualité doit avancer et devenir véritablement un processus d’amélioration du cours de Pédagogie

Nova Gestão Pública, Qualidade da Educação Superior e o Novo Perfil Dos Estudantes

O artigo problematiza as práticas de gestão e acadêmicas relacionadas tanto à qualidade quanto à inclusão desse novo perfil nos cursos de graduação. A pesquisa está fundamentada em revisão bibliográfica e normativas das políticas de avaliação e regulação. No nível nacional, mostra a centralidade dos indicadores de qualidade do Enade na avaliação e regulação dos cursos e IES. No nível institucional, as evidências indicam que esses resultados são pouco utilizados numa gestão pedagógica que inclua o novo perfil dos estudantes.

Características microbiológicas, celulares, físicas e químicas de leite cru refrigerado em Aparecida do Taboado-MS/ Microbiological, cellular, physical and chemical characteristics of refrigerated raw milk in Apareceda Do Taboado-MS

 Este trabalho objetivou verificar as características físico-químicas, microbiológicas e celulares do leite cru refrigerado, obtidos em tanques de expansão individuais em propriedades na região Centro Oeste, em Aparecida do Taboado no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, usando como referência os parâmetros da Instrução Normativa 62 do MAPA. O experimento foi conduzido a partir da análise do leite cru refrigerado de 25 propriedades rurais, onde foram coletadas no mês de julho de 2015, totalizando 25 amostras que foram encaminhadas ao laboratório da clínica do leite, para análises de proteína, gordura, lactose, extrato seco desengordurado, sólios totais, contagem de células somáticas e contagem bacteriana total. Considerando a análise dos resultados, observou que a médias para CCS foi de 571x10³ cél.mL; CBT de 5153x10³ UFC.mL; gordura de 3,56%; proteína 3,31%; lactose 4,48%; sólidos totais 12,33% e extrato seco desengordurado 8,77%, foram satisfatórias para os parâmetros físicos e químicos onde não houve muita variação e estão de acordo com a IN 62. Porém os indicadores de qualidade CCS (contagem de células somáticas) e CBT (contagem bacteriana total), na sua média estavam acima do que é previsto pela IN 62 para a região Centro Oeste, refletindo as más condições de higiene empregadas durante o processo de ordenha, o estado sanitário do rebanho e as condições de armazenamento do leite

Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils against Streptococcus mutans and their Antiproliferative Effects

This study aimed to evaluate the activity of essential oils (EOs) against Streptococcus mutans biofilm by chemically characterizing their fractions responsible for biological and antiproliferative activity. Twenty EO were obtained by hydrodistillation and submitted to the antimicrobial assay (minimum inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal (MBC) concentrations) against S. mutans UA159. Thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were used for phytochemical analyses. EOs were selected according to predetermined criteria and fractionated using dry column; the resulting fractions were assessed by MIC and MBC, selected as active fractions, and evaluated against S. mutans biofilm. Biofilms formed were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Selected EOs and their selected active fractions were evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against keratinocytes and seven human tumor cell lines. MIC and MBC values obtained for EO and their active fractions showed strong antimicrobial activity. Chemical analyses mainly showed the presence of terpenes. The selected active fractions inhibited S. mutans biofilm formation (P < 0.05) did not affect glycolytic pH drop and were inactive against keratinocytes, normal cell line. In conclusion, EO showed activity at low concentrations, and their selected active fractions were also effective against biofilm formed by S. mutans and human tumor cell lines.Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) [2009/12353-0, 2011/14757-0]Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) [308644/2011-5

Associations of baseline use of biologic or targeted synthetic DMARDs with COVID-19 severity in rheumatoid arthritis : Results from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance physician registry

Funding Information: Competing interests JAS is supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Funding Information: Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (grant numbers K23 AR069688, R03 AR075886, L30 AR066953, P30 AR070253 and P30 AR072577), the Rheumatology Research Foundation (K Supplement Award and R Bridge Award), the Brigham Research Institute, and the R Bruce and Joan M Mickey Research Scholar Fund. JAS has received research support from Amgen and Bristol-Myers Squibb and performed consultancy for Bristol-Myers Squibb, Gilead, Inova, Janssen and Optum, unrelated to this work. ZSW reports grant support from Bristol-Myers Squibb and Principia/ Sanofi and performed consultancy for Viela Bio and MedPace, outside the submitted work. His work is supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health. MG is supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (grant numbers K01 AR070585 and K24 AR074534; JY). KLH reports she has received speaker’s fees from AbbVie and grant income from BMS, UCB and Pfizer, all unrelated to this study. KLH is also supported by the NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre. LC has not received fees or personal grants from any laboratory, but her institute works by contract for laboratories such as, among other institutions, AbbVie Spain, Eisai, Gebro Pharma, Merck Sharp & Dohme España, Novartis Farmaceutica, Pfizer, Roche Farma, Sanofi Aventis, Astellas Pharma, Actelion Pharmaceuticals España, Grünenthal and UCB Pharma. LG reports research grants from Amgen, Galapagos, Janssen, Lilly, Pfizer, Sandoz and Sanofi; consulting fees from AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, Biogen, Celgene, Galapagos, Gilead, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Samsung Bioepis, Sanofi Aventis and UCB, all unrelated to this study. EFM reports that LPCDR received support for specific activities: grants from AbbVie, Novartis, Janssen-Cilag, Lilly Portugal, Sanofi, Grünenthal, MSD, Celgene, Medac, Pharma Kern and GAfPA; grants and non-financial support from Pfizer; and non-financial support from Grünenthal, outside the submitted work. AS reports grants from a consortium of 13 companies (among them AbbVie, BMS, Celltrion, Fresenius Kabi, Lilly, Mylan, Hexal, MSD, Pfizer, Roche, Samsung, Sanofi Aventis and UCB) supporting the German RABBIT register, and personal fees from lectures for AbbVie, MSD, Roche, BMS and Pfizer, outside the submitted work. AD-G has no disclosures relevant to this study. His work is supported by grants from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Rheumatology Research Foundation. KMD is supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (T32-AR-007258) and the Rheumatology Research Foundation. NJP is supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (T32-AR-007258). PD has received research support from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Chugai and Pfizer, and performed consultancy for Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lilly, Sanofi, Pfizer, Chugai, Roche and Janssen, unrelated to this work. NS is supported by the RRF Investigator Award and the American Heart Association. MFU-G reports grant support from Janssen and Pfizer. SB reports no competing interests related to this work. He reports non-branded consulting fees for AbbVie, Horizon, Novartis and Pfizer (all <$10 000). RG reports no competing interests related to this work. Outside of this work she reports personal and/or speaking fees from AbbVie, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer and Cornerstones, and travel assistance from Pfizer (all <$10 000). JH reports no competing interests related to this work. He is supported by grants from the Rheumatology Research Foundation and the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance. He has performed consulting for Novartis, Sobi and Biogen, all unrelated to this work (<$10 000). JL has received research funding from Pfizer, outside the submitted work. ES is a Board Member of the Canadian Arthritis Patient Alliance, a patient-run, volunteer-based organisation whose activities are largely supported by independent grants from pharmaceutical companies. PS reports no competing interests related to this work. He reports honorarium for doing social media for American College of Rheumatology journals (<$10 000). PMM has received consulting/speaker’s fees from AbbVie, BMS, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Janssen, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche and UCB, all unrelated to this study (all <$10 000). PMM is supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). PCR reports no competing interests related to this work. Outside of this work he reports personal consulting and/or speaking fees from AbbVie, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer and UCB, and travel assistance from Roche (all <$10 000). JY reports no competing interests related to this work. Her work is supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control, and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. She has performed consulting for Eli Lilly and AstraZeneca, unrelated to this project. Publisher Copyright: © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.Objective To investigate baseline use of biologic or targeted synthetic (b/ts) disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and COVID-19 outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods We analysed the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance physician registry (from 24 March 2020 to 12 April 2021). We investigated b/tsDMARD use for RA at the clinical onset of COVID-19 (baseline): abatacept (ABA), rituximab (RTX), Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi), interleukin 6 inhibitors (IL-6i) or tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi, reference group). The ordinal COVID-19 severity outcome was (1) no hospitalisation, (2) hospitalisation without oxygen, (3) hospitalisation with oxygen/ventilation or (4) death. We used ordinal logistic regression to estimate the OR (odds of being one level higher on the ordinal outcome) for each drug class compared with TNFi, adjusting for potential baseline confounders. Results Of 2869 people with RA (mean age 56.7 years, 80.8% female) on b/tsDMARD at the onset of COVID-19, there were 237 on ABA, 364 on RTX, 317 on IL-6i, 563 on JAKi and 1388 on TNFi. Overall, 613 (21%) were hospitalised and 157 (5.5%) died. RTX (OR 4.15, 95% CI 3.16 to 5.44) and JAKi (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.60 to 2.65) were each associated with worse COVID-19 severity compared with TNFi. There were no associations between ABA or IL6i and COVID-19 severity. Conclusions People with RA treated with RTX or JAKi had worse COVID-19 severity than those on TNFi. The strong association of RTX and JAKi use with poor COVID-19 outcomes highlights prioritisation of risk mitigation strategies for these people.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Educomunicação, Transformação Social e Desenvolvimento Sustentável

Esta publicação apresenta os principais trabalhos dos GTs do II Congresso Internacional de Comunicação e Educação nos temas&nbsp;Transformação social, com os artigos que abordam principalmente Educomunicação e/ou Mídia-Educação, no contexto de políticas de diversidade, inclusão e equidade; e, em Desenvolvimento Sustentável&nbsp;os artigos que abordam os avanços da relação comunicação/educação no contexto da educação ambiental e desenvolvimento sustentável

ATLANTIC-CAMTRAPS: a dataset of medium and large terrestrial mammal communities in the Atlantic Forest of South America

Our understanding of mammal ecology has always been hindered by the difficulties of observing species in closed tropical forests. Camera trapping has become a major advance for monitoring terrestrial mammals in biodiversity rich ecosystems. Here we compiled one of the largest datasets of inventories of terrestrial mammal communities for the Neotropical region based on camera trapping studies. The dataset comprises 170 surveys of medium to large terrestrial mammals using camera traps conducted in 144 areas by 74 studies, covering six vegetation types of tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of South America (Brazil and Argentina), and present data on species composition and richness. The complete dataset comprises 53,438 independent records of 83 species of mammals, includes 10 species of marsupials, 15 rodents, 20 carnivores, eight ungulates and six armadillos. Species richness averaged 13 species (±6.07 SD) per site. Only six species occurred in more than 50% of the sites: the domestic dog Canis familiaris, crab-eating fox Cerdocyon thous, tayra Eira barbara, south American coati Nasua nasua, crab-eating raccoon Procyon cancrivorus and the nine-banded armadillo Dasypus novemcinctus. The information contained in this dataset can be used to understand macroecological patterns of biodiversity, community, and population structure, but also to evaluate the ecological consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and trophic interactions. © 2017 by the Ecological Society of Americ