PENENTUAN KAPASITAS ADSORPSI AMPAS TEBU (bagasse) TERHADAP ZAT WARNA CIBACRON BRILLIANT RED MENGGUNAKAN PERSAMAAN FREUNDLICH DAN LANGMUIR ISOTERM

Industri tekstil merupakan salah satu industri yang berpotensi menimbulkan pencemaran terhadap lingkungan. Pencemaran yang paling luas dampaknya berasal dari limbah cair yang dihasilkan pada proses pewarnaan / pencelupan atau pencucian. Pada proses pewarnaan / pencelupan hanya sekitar 50 – 90 % zat warna yang masuk / terserap oleh bahan tekstil, dan selebihnya akan berada dalam sisa larutan celup. Limbah cair tersebut dapat mengganggu kehidupan biota air karena menurunnya konsentrasi oksigen terlarut sehingga harus dilakukan suatu pengolahan yang dapat menurunkan konsentrasi warna sebelum dibuang ke badan air penerima. Salah satu upaya pengolahan yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi konsentrasi zat warna dalam limbah cair industi tekstil adalah dengan proses adsorpsi menggunakan ampas tebu (bagasse). Ampas tebu merupakan limbah padat berserat hasil sampingan dari industri gula dimana sekitar 1,6 % dari bobot bagasse tidak dimanfaatkan. Pemanfaatan ampas tebu sebagai media untuk mengadsorpsi limbah warna industri tekstil karena ampas tebu mempunyai karakteristik fisik yang mirip dengan karbon aktif dan karakteristik kimia yang dapat digunakan sebagai adsorben. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kapasitas adsorpsi ampas tebu terhadap zat warna Cibacron Brilliant Red dengan menggunakan persamaan Freundlich dan Langmuir Isoterm. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan volume kerja 100 ml, dengan konsentrasi zat warna sebesar 60 mg/L, variasi HCl (0,05M; 0,15 M; 0,25 M; 0,35 M; 0,45 M), variasi temperatur (25 °C dan 45 °C), variasi berat ampas tebu (1gram; 1,5gram; 2gram; 2,5gram; 3 gram; 3,5gram; 4gram) serta variasi NaOH dalam teknik delignifikasi. Dari hasil percobaan diperoleh bahwa adsorpsi zat warna Cibacron Brilliant Red dengan ampas tebu mengikuti pola Langmuir isoterm dan kapasitas adsorpsi dari ampas tebu tanpa delignifikasi, ampas tebu dengan delignifikasi 0,35 % NaOH dan ampas tebu dengan delignifiaksi 17,5 % NaOH menjadi bertambah dengan meningkatnya temperatur. Kapasitas adsorpsi terbesar diperoleh pada suhu 45 °C dengan delignifikasi 17,5 % NaOH sebesar 5,4585 mg/gr. Penggunaan ampas tebu (bagasse) sebagai adsorben merupakan alternatif pengolahan karena biayanya yang murah, terdapat dalam jumlah yang banyak dan mudah didapat

SISTEM INFORMASI PERSEDIAAN GUDANG DENGAN METODE FIRST IN FIRST OUT (STUDI KASUS KEDAI EYCKMAN)

Kedai Eyckman merupakan sebuah perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang kuliner yang terletak di JI. Prof. Eyckman no. 39, Bandung. Kedai Eyckman memiliki lima divisi yaitu divisi kitchen, bar, mie, service dan gudang. Setiap divisi memiliki koordinator divisi yang bertanggung jawab terhadap pengeloaan dan penggunaan barang yang akan serta telah digunakan. Divisi gudang bertugas untuk menyediakan kebutuhan barang bagi setiap divisi. Proses pengecekan dan pengontrolan persediaan kebutuhan yang dilakukan oleh divisi gudang masih dilakukan secara manual. Beberapa proses yang dilakukan adalah proses pembelanjaan, pengelolaan dan pendistribusian barang gudang. Pada proses pembelanjaan barang kebutuhan harus memperhatikan beberapa faktor seperti kemasan dari barang, rentang waktu pengiriman barang yang dipesan dan rentang waktu ketahanan barang untuk disimpan. Faktor-faktor pembelanjaan dan pengelolaan barang akan berpengaruh pada laba penjualan karena barang yang terbuang merupakan aset dari perusahaan, sehingga semakin banyak barang yang terbuang maka semakin banyak pula aset perusahaan yang terbuang. Hal ini terjadi di Kedai Eyckman karena divisi gudang sulit untuk mengetahui kebutuhan informasi barang secara detail dengan cepat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa dan merancang hasil dari permasalahan tersebut agar dapat memberikan sebuah rancangan sistem informasi. Hal ini nantinya dapat dikembangkan dalam pembuatan sistem informasi pengelolaan gudang.metode terstruktur dengan menggunakan metode First In First Out. Metode ini diharapkan dapat mencapai hasil yang maksimal karena dengan menggunakan metode ini terdapat susunan rancangan yang detail. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah rancangan sistem informasi pengelolaan gudang yang akan mempermudah tahapan pembangunan sistem informasinya dan diharapkan dapat membatu proses bisnis Kedai Eyckman sehingga ketidakseimbangan pada pengelolaan gudang tidak terulang kembali. KATA KUNCI: pengelolaan gudang, First In First Out, efektif, efisien, gudang

Modelling avalanches in martensites

Solids subject to continuous changes of temperature or mechanical load often exhibit discontinuous avalanche-like responses. For instance, avalanche dynamics have been observed during plastic deformation, fracture, domain switching in ferroic materials or martensitic transformations. The statistical analysis of avalanches reveals a very complex scenario with a distinctive lack of characteristic scales. Much effort has been devoted in the last decades to understand the origin and ubiquity of scale-free behaviour in solids and many other systems. This chapter reviews some efforts to understand the characteristics of avalanches in martensites through mathematical modelling.Comment: Chapter in the book "Avalanches in Functional Materials and Geophysics", edited by E. K. H. Salje, A. Saxena, and A. Planes. The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45612-6_

Helicity within the vortex filament model

Kinetic helicity is one of the invariants of the Euler equations that is associated with the topology of vortex lines within the fluid. In superfluids, the vorticity is concentrated along vortex filaments. In this setting, helicity would be expected to acquire its simplest form. However, the lack of a core structure for vortex filaments appears to result in a helicity that does not retain its key attribute as a quadratic invariant. By defining a spanwise vector to the vortex through the use of a Seifert framing, we are able to introduce twist and henceforth recover the key properties of helicity. We present several examples for calculating internal twist to illustrate why the centreline helicity alone will lead to ambiguous results if a twist contribution is not introduced. Our choice of the spanwise vector can be expressed in terms of the tangential component of velocity along the filament. Since the tangential velocity does not alter the configuration of the vortex at later times, we are able to recover a similar equation for the internal twist angle to that of classical vortex tubes. Our results allow us to explain how a quasi-classical limit of helicity emerges from helicity considerations for individual superfluid vortex filaments

Surgical treatment of zygomatic bone fracture using two points fixation versus three point fixation-a randomised prospective clinical trial

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The zygoma plays an important role in the facial contour for both cosmetic and functional reasons; therefore zygomatic bone injuries should be properly diagnosed and adequately treated. Comparison of various surgical approaches and their complications can only be done objectively using outcome measurements which in turn require protocol management and long-term follow up. The preference for open reduction and internal fixation of zygomatic fractures at three points has continued to grow in response to observations of inadequate results from two point and one point fixation techniques.</p> <p>The objectives of this study were to compare the efficacy of zygomatic bone after treatment with ORIF using 2 point fixation and ORIF using 3 point fixation and compare the outcome of two procedures.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>100 patients were randomly divided equally into two groups. In group A, 50 patients were treated by ORIF using two point fixation by miniplates and in group B, 50 patients were treated by ORIF using three point fixation by miniplates. They were evaluated for their complications during and after surgery with their advantages and disadvantages and the difference between the two groups was observed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of 100 fractures were sustained. We found that postoperative complication like decreased malar height and vertical dystopia was more common in those patients who were treated by two point fixation than those who were treated with three point fixation.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Based on this study open reduction and internal fixation using three point fixation by miniplates is the best available method for the treatment zygomatic bone fractures.</p

Structural and thermal studies of silver nanoparticles and electrical transport study of their thin films

This work reports the preparation and characterization of silver nanoparticles synthesized through wet chemical solution method and of silver films deposited by dip-coating method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), field emission transmission electron microscopy (FETEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) have been used to characterize the prepared silver nanoparticles and thin film. The morphology and crystal structure of silver nanoparticles have been determined by FESEM, HRTEM, and FETEM. The average grain size of silver nanoparticles is found to be 17.5 nm. The peaks in XRD pattern are in good agreement with that of face-centered-cubic form of metallic silver. TGA/DTA results confirmed the weight loss and the exothermic reaction due to desorption of chemisorbed water. The temperature dependence of resistivity of silver thin film, determined in the temperature range of 100-300 K, exhibit semiconducting behavior of the sample. The sample shows the activated variable range hopping in the localized states near the Fermi level

Structural, thermal and dissolution properties of MgO- and CaO-containing borophosphate glasses: effect of Fe2O3 addition

This paper investigated manufacture of high-durability phosphate glass fibres for biomedical applications. Five different borophosphate glass formulations in the systems of 45P2O5–5B2O3–5Na2O–(29 − x)CaO–16MgO–(x)Fe2O3 and 45P2O5–5B2O3–5Na2O–24CaO–(21 − x)MgO–(x)Fe2O3 where x = 5, 8 and 11 mol% were produced via melt quenching. The compositions and amorphous nature of the glasses were confirmed by ICP-MS and XRD, respectively. FTIR results indicated depolymerisation of the phosphate chains with a decrease in Q2 units with increasing Fe2O3 content. DSC analyses showed an increase in Tg by ~5 °C with an increment of 3 mol% in Fe2O3 content. The thermal properties were also used to calculate processing window (i.e. Tc,ons—Tg) and another parameter, Kgl, to determine the suitability for fibre drawing directly from melt, which equals (Tc,ons—Tg)/(Tl—Tc,ons). The degradation study conducted in PBS solution at 37 °C showed a decrease of 25–47% in degradation rate with increasing Fe2O3 content. This confirmed that the chemical durability of the glasses had increased, which was suggested to be due to Fe2O3 addition. Furthermore, the density measured via Archimedes method revealed a linear increase with increasing Fe2O3 content

Systematic and Evolutionary Insights Derived from mtDNA COI Barcode Diversity in the Decapoda (Crustacea: Malacostraca)

Background: Decapods are the most recognizable of all crustaceans and comprise a dominant group of benthic invertebrates of the continental shelf and slope, including many species of economic importance. Of the 17635 morphologically described Decapoda species, only 5.4% are represented by COI barcode region sequences. It therefore remains a challenge to compile regional databases that identify and analyse the extent and patterns of decapod diversity throughout the world. Methodology/Principal Findings: We contributed 101 decapod species from the North East Atlantic, the Gulf of Cadiz and the Mediterranean Sea, of which 81 species represent novel COI records. Within the newly-generated dataset, 3.6% of the species barcodes conflicted with the assigned morphological taxonomic identification, highlighting both the apparent taxonomic ambiguity among certain groups, and the need for an accelerated and independent taxonomic approach. Using the combined COI barcode projects from the Barcode of Life Database, we provide the most comprehensive COI data set so far examined for the Order (1572 sequences of 528 species, 213 genera, and 67 families). Patterns within families show a general predicted molecular hierarchy, but the scale of divergence at each taxonomic level appears to vary extensively between families. The range values of mean K2P distance observed were: within species 0.285% to 1.375%, within genus 6.376% to 20.924% and within family 11.392% to 25.617%. Nucleotide composition varied greatly across decapods, ranging from 30.8 % to 49.4 % GC content. Conclusions/Significance: Decapod biological diversity was quantified by identifying putative cryptic species allowing a rapid assessment of taxon diversity in groups that have until now received limited morphological and systematic examination. We highlight taxonomic groups or species with unusual nucleotide composition or evolutionary rates. Such data are relevant to strategies for conservation of existing decapod biodiversity, as well as elucidating the mechanisms and constraints shaping the patterns observed.FCT - SFRH/BD/25568/ 2006EC FP6 - GOCE-CT-2005-511234 HERMESFCT - PTDC/MAR/69892/2006 LusomarBo

Ultra-Rare Genetic Variation in the Epilepsies : A Whole-Exome Sequencing Study of 17,606 Individuals

Sequencing-based studies have identified novel risk genes associated with severe epilepsies and revealed an excess of rare deleterious variation in less-severe forms of epilepsy. To identify the shared and distinct ultra-rare genetic risk factors for different types of epilepsies, we performed a whole-exome sequencing (WES) analysis of 9,170 epilepsy-affected individuals and 8,436 controls of European ancestry. We focused on three phenotypic groups: severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs), genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE), and non-acquired focal epilepsy (NAFE). We observed that compared to controls, individuals with any type of epilepsy carried an excess of ultra-rare, deleterious variants in constrained genes and in genes previously associated with epilepsy; we saw the strongest enrichment in individuals with DEEs and the least strong in individuals with NAFE. Moreover, we found that inhibitory GABA(A) receptor genes were enriched for missense variants across all three classes of epilepsy, whereas no enrichment was seen in excitatory receptor genes. The larger gene groups for the GABAergic pathway or cation channels also showed a significant mutational burden in DEEs and GGE. Although no single gene surpassed exome-wide significance among individuals with GGE or NAFE, highly constrained genes and genes encoding ion channels were among the lead associations; such genes included CACNAIG, EEF1A2, and GABRG2 for GGE and LGI1, TRIM3, and GABRG2 for NAFE. Our study, the largest epilepsy WES study to date, confirms a convergence in the genetics of severe and less-severe epilepsies associated with ultra-rare coding variation, and it highlights a ubiquitous role for GABAergic inhibition in epilepsy etiology.Peer reviewe