Contribution to the identification of the species Myrcia hatschbachii D. Legrand (Myrtaceae): anatomical and histochemical analyses

The genus Myrcia is used in folk medicine to treat diabetes. The plants used in folk medicine require morphological and anatomical references to attest to its authenticity. This is the first report of the microscopic study of Myrcia hatschbachii. In this sense, the aim of the present study was to describe the anatomical characteristics, in order to contribute to the species' identification. For anatomical and surface analyses free-hand sections were prepared and observed using optical microscopy, simultaneously some materials were processed and observed under scanning electron microscopy. In addition, histochemical tests were performed. The anatomical features described here correspond with previously reported features found in other species of the genus Myrcia. Furthermore, the following anatomical markers were observed in Myrcia hatschbachii: druses in the spongy parenchyma, concave-convex midrib, heart-shaped petiole, oval-shaped stem, C-shaped vascular bundle in the midrib and open arc shape with invaginated ends in the petiole; phenolic compounds in the phloem and lignified cells in the pith. The results of anatomical and histochemical analyses provide micromorphological and microchemical features that can help in the taxonomy and proper identification of the species

Chemical composition, antioxidant and biological activity of Ocotea bicolor Vattimo-Gil (LAURACEAE) essential oil

The essential oil composition of the Ocotea bicolor, native plant of Brazil, was studied for the first time. The essential oil of the leaf was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC/MS. The analytical procedure revealed a predominance of sesquiterpenes, δ-cadinene (7.39%), β-sesquiphellandrene (6.67%), β-elemene (5.41%) and α-cadinol (5,23%). The essential oil was submitted to brine shrimp toxicity evaluation, antioxidant and antibacterial tests. The antioxidant activity by the formation of phosphomolybdenum complex method presented positive results. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were higher than 1000 μg/mL for the microorganisms tested. Toxicity activity revealed LC50 results of 40.10 (μg/mL), being toxic to the organisms in this study

MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS BETWEEN THE PHYTOCHEMICAL FEATURES AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF THE STEMS OF BAUHINIA GLABRA JACQ. (FABACEAE)

Objective: To provide information about the phytochemical features of the crude extract (CruE) and fractions of the forageBauhinia glabra Jacq., Fabaceae, and present themultivariate correlation between its metabolites and the antioxidant properties. Methods: Studies were carried out by extraction with ethanol, sequential partition with hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate, determination of the total yield of extraction, qualitative and quantitative estimation of phytochemicals.Then, the evaluation of antioxidant properties by four methods: 1,1-diphenyl picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging assay (DPPH), the reduction power, the evaluation of inhibition of lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and the evaluation of recovery of content of methemoglobin in erythrocytes. Results: Phytochemical analysis on CruErevealed the presence of chlorophylls, carotenoids, coumarins, phytosterols, anthocyanins, tannins and flavonoids. Quantitative estimation of metabolites on CruE showed high concentration of phytosterols (42.21±2.34) mg/gdw and total phenolic (58.50±1.98) mg/gdw. The best results onthe antioxidant properties on each assay were the chloroform fraction (ChlF) with 13.76±0.23 and methanolic fraction (MetF) with 13.46±0.45 of half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values (DPPH).The HexF(60.99±1.76%) and ChlF(64.40±1.73%), both based on reduction power of ascorbic acid. The HexF(73.54±2.74%) of inhibition of lipid peroxidation (TBARS), and HexFwith 7.28±0.36% amount of methemoglobin. Conclusion: Based on multivariate analysis, HexFthat presented the highest concentration of phytosterols, has the highest reduction power and was more effectivefor inhibition of lipid peroxidation and in recoveringmethemoglobincontent. Therefore, the mechanism of these activities seems to be related to the reduction power presented by phytosterols

PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF Zanthoxylum rhoifolium LAM., RUTACEAE - MINI REVIEW

A família Rutaceae apresenta inúmeros exemplares utilizados pela população com fim medicinal. A espécie Zanthoxylum rhoifolium é conhecido no Brasil com diversos nomes vulgares os mais conhecidos são: mamica-de-porca, tinguaciba-da-folha miúda, mamica-de-cadela, teta-de-cadela, teta-de-porca, tembetaru, tambatarão, juva, juvevê, tamanqueira-de-espinho e carne-de-anta. Os seguintes metabólitos já foram isolados de Z. rhoifolium: alcaloides, cumarinas, flavonoides, lignanas e triterpenos. A população relata diversos usos da planta no tratamento de doenças. Este trabalho tem como objetivo discutir e reunir trabalhos relacionados a espécie medicinal.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Alcaloide; Rutaceae; Zanthoxylu

Phytochemical and morpho-anatomical study of the vegetative organs of Psychotria fractistipula L.B.Sm., R.M. Klein & Delprete (Rubiaceae)

Psychotria fractistipula L.B.Sm, R.M. Klein & Delprete (Rubiaceae) is found in the existing Atlantic Forest in the South of Brazil, in the Paraná and Santa Catarina States. The members of Rubiaceae are characterized chemically by the presence of alkaloids, some pharmacological properties of which include antifungal, antibacterial, analgesic, antioxidant, antimutagenic, and antiviral activities. In this study, we report the results of anatomical, morphological, and histochemical analyses of the leaves and stems of the Rubiaceae family member, P. fractistipula. The anatomical analysis involved of light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Morpho-anatomical and histochemical characterization were made using standard methodology. The isolated compounds were identified by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopic analysis. The following structures are highlighted as the distinctive features of the species: presence of petiolate leaves and a petiole base, leaf blade with smooth cuticle on both surfaces, paracytic stomata, and, dorsiventral mesophyll and presence of trichomes on the leaves and stems. Phytosteroids, identified as β-sitosterol and campesterol, were observed in the hexane fraction of the stem. Future studies should focus on the isolation of other fractions of interest and their characterization through specific biological and cytotoxicity assays

Chemical composition, phytotoxic potential, biological activities and antioxidant properties of Myrcia hatschbachii D. Legrand essential oil

Myrcia hatschbachii D. Legrand (Myrtaceae) is a native and endemic species from Brazil. This study investigated the essential oil composition, phytotoxic potential, in vitro toxicity, antioxidant properties and antibacterial activity of species. Chromatographic analysis of essential oil identified trans-calamanene, (E)-caryophyllene and spathulenol as major components. Antioxidant capacity was determined by the DPPH• scavenging method and phosphomolybdenum complex formation assay. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration test, demonstrating that the essential oil was active toward Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. Phytotoxic activity of essential oil was analyzed by testing interference on germination and growth of Lactuca sativa, demonstrating significant inhibition of the hypocotyls and radicles of seeds. Preliminary toxicity studies were determined using Artemia salina, resulting in an LC50 of 409.92 µg/mL, and through hemolytic activity. The results of the phytotoxic activity point to a possible application for Myrcia hatschbachii in the development of natural herbicides and the in vitro toxicity assays suggests the performance of antitumoral activity tests, having in mind the prospection of antineoplastic drugs

PROPOSTA DE GEL HIGIENIZANTE BUCAL PARA CÃES À BASE DE FITOTERÁPICOS COM POLÍMERO LIVRE DE BENZENO

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar o estudo de possíveis bases para formulação de gel higienizante bucal de cães, prevenindo assim periodontite, gengivite e outros possíveis problemas bucais. A metodologia do trabalho foi por meio de revisão bibliográfica para verificar quais os principais tipos de Carbopol® utilizados no desenvolvimento de géis para a formulação, principais características físico-químicas do Carbopol® presença ou não de resíduos de benzeno na fabricação dos polímeros, preocupando-se e verificando os principais problemas de saúde do uso de produtos com presença de benzeno, independentemente da quantidade. Verificou-se os principais produtos em formulações de géis para limpeza, e por fim, após a análise dos dados obtidos realizou-se uma sugestão de uma formulação de gel para limpeza bucal de cães, com eficácia e sem riscos à saúde com o uso prolongado

ESTUDOS DE PLANTAS PARA TRATAMENTO DA BRONQUITE, ASMA E COVID-19: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

Objective: the present study aimed to conduct a literature review to verify the use of plant species in the pathology’s asthma, bronchitis, COVID-19 and to identify the compounds responsible for pharmacological action. Methodology: The research was carried out in the databases Medline, Scielo, Web of Science, Lilacs and Scopus, using the keywords through the descriptors DeCS - Descriptors in Health Sciences. Divided into 3 steps; after adopting the inclusion and exclusion criteria, they were selected and read in full by 3 groups separately. The research resulted in 9 plants divided into 7 families and 8 isolated compounds responsible for therapeutic action. It was concluded that after the literary review in the period mentioned, it was possible to observe the therapeutic potential of plants to attenuate the inflammatory response during the exacerbation of asthma symptoms. However, more clinical studies should be conducted to complement the literature on the use of plant species, and more studies with larger samples and longer-term therapies are needed.Objetivo: el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar una revisión de la literatura para verificar el uso de especies vegetales en las patologías asma, bronquitis, COVID-19 e identificar los compuestos responsables de la acción farmacológica. Metodología: La investigación se realizó en las bases de datos Medline, Scielo, Web of Science, Lilacs y Scopus, utilizando las palabras clave a través de los descriptores DeCS - Descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud. Dividido en 3 pasos; Después de adoptar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, fueron seleccionados y leídos en su totalidad por 3 grupos por separado. La investigación dio como resultado 9 plantas divididas en 7 familias y 8 compuestos aislados responsables de la acción terapéutica. Se concluyó que después de la revisión literaria en el período mencionado, fue posible observar el potencial terapéutico de las plantas para atenuar la respuesta inflamatoria durante la exacerbación de los síntomas del asma. Sin embargo, se deben realizar más estudios clínicos para complementar la literatura sobre el uso de especies vegetales, y se necesitan más estudios con muestras más grandes y terapias a más largo plazo.Objetivo: o presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão de literatura para verificar a utilização das espécies vegetais nas patologias asma, bronquite, COVID-19 e identificar os compostos responsáveis pela ação farmacológica. Metodologia: A pesquisa foi realizada nos bancos de dados Medline, Scielo, Web of Science, Lilacs e Scopus, usando as palavras-chaves através dos descritores DeCS – Descritores em Ciências da Saúde. Dividida em 3 passos; após adotado os critérios de inclusão e de exclusão, foram selecionados e lidos na integra por 3 grupos separadamente. A pesquisa teve como resultado 9 plantas divididas em 7 famílias e 8 compostos isolados responsáveis pela ação terapêutica. Conclui-se que após a revisão literária no período citado, foi possível observar o potencial terapêutico das plantas para atenuação da resposta inflamatória durante a exacerbação dos sintomas da asma. Porém, mais estudos clínicos devem ser realizados para complementar a literatura a respeito do uso das espécies vegetais, sendo necessário mais estudos com amostras maiores e terapias por tempo mais prolongado.Objetivo: o presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão de literatura para verificar a utilização das espécies vegetais nas patologias asma, bronquite, COVID-19 e identificar os compostos responsáveis pela ação farmacológica. Metodologia: A pesquisa foi realizada nos bancos de dados Medline, Scielo, Web of Science, Lilacs e Scopus, usando as palavras-chaves através dos descritores DeCS – Descritores em Ciências da Saúde. Dividida em 3 passos; após adotado os critérios de inclusão e de exclusão, foram selecionados e lidos na integra por 3 grupos separadamente. A pesquisa teve como resultado 9 plantas divididas em 7 famílias e 8 compostos isolados responsáveis pela ação terapêutica. Conclui-se que após a revisão literária no período citado, foi possível observar o potencial terapêutico das plantas para atenuação da resposta inflamatória durante a exacerbação dos sintomas da asma. Porém, mais estudos clínicos devem ser realizados para complementar a literatura a respeito do uso das espécies vegetais, sendo necessário mais estudos com amostras maiores e terapias por tempo mais prolongado

Interação da Serotonina (5-hidroxitriptamina - 5-HT) na Doença Diverticulite

Introduction: The gastrointestinal tract is involved by a complex system that has paramount importance in daily intestinal homeostasis. The intestine is responsible for the production of serotonin and a low and/or high concentration of this hormone may be the cause of diverticulitis. Objective: To show the hypothesis of serotonin in diverticulitis disease. Methodology: Bibliographic research was carried out to construct this integrative review in the MEDLINE/PubMed (via the National Library of Medicine), ScienceDirect (Elsevier), SCOPUS (Elsevier) and SciELO.ORG databases and Google Scholar. Result: 88 articles were found following the research methods, none of the articles were excluded, then they were divided among the authors, read by complete, remaining 7 for construction of the research, being presented in the table with the main hypothesis of the authors. Conclusion: Due to the lack of research and the delimitations of studies relating serotonin and gastrointestinal diseases, this article showed that it is essential to develop more studies to demonstrate the real relationship of the emergence of this pathology with hormone which as a hypothesis of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the inflammation of diverticulitis.Introdução: O trato gastrointestinal é envolvido por um complexo sistema que tem suma importância no cotidiano na homeostasia intestinal. O intestino é responsável pela produção da serotonina e a baixa e/ou alta concentração desse hormônio, talvez seja, o causador da doença diverticulite. Objetivo: mostrar a hipótese da serotonina na doença diverticulite. Metodologia: Foi realizado o levantamento bibliográfico para construção dessa revisão integrativa nas bases de dados MEDLINE/PubMed (via National Library of Medicine), ScienceDirect (Elsevier), SCOPUS (Elsevier) e SciELO.ORG e google acadêmico. Resultado: Foram encontrados 88 artigos seguindo os métodos de pesquisa, nenhum dos artigos foram excluídos, então foram divididos entre os autores, lidos por completos, restando 7 para construção das pesquisas, sendo apresentado na tabela com a principal hipótese dos autores. Conclusão: Devido a carência das pesquisas e as delimitações dos estudos relacionando serotonina e as doenças gastrointestinais, esse artigo demonstrou que é fundamental desenvolver mais estudos para evidenciar a real relação do surgimento dessa patologia com hormônio qual como hipótese da 5-hidroxitriptamina na inflamação da diverticulite

A presença de Microlobius foetidus causa alteraçõess na defesa antioxidante de Urochloa decumbens?

Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R. D. Webster (Poaceae) is an exotic species with has spread rapidly through the Cerrado area of Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. It has covered the soil aggressively turning it into cultivated pastures. Thus, it has become a challenge to protect native areas due its capacity of exclusion of native species. It has been observed that Microlobius foetidus (Jacq.) M.Sousa & G.Andrade species (Fabaceae) shows a dominant pattern over the development of U. decumbens. This work shows that M. foetidus interfere on the natural growth of U. decumbens within 10 m ratio. Between 15 and 20 m, it was observed an increase of Importance Value index (IVI) and Relative cover (RC) values. It was also observed a variation on the antioxidant defense system of U. decumbens within 10m ratio from M. foetidus. The enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase present higher levels of activity then those found for glutathione reductase. This data indicates that M. foetidus may have an effect on U. decumbens, increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes. This effect probably happens as means to neutralize the toxic effects of the oxygen generated due to the presence of allelochemicals, which increases oxidative stress. © 2015, Instituto Internacional de Ecologia. All Rights Reserved