Estudo clínico-epidemiológico dos acidentes causados por aranhas do gênero Phoneutria

From January, 1984 to December, 1996, 422 patients (ages 9 m-99 y, median 29 y) were admitted after being bitten by spiders which were brought and identified as Phoneutria spp. Most of the bites occurred at March and April months (29.2%), in the houses (54.5%), during the day (76.5%), and in the limbs (feet 40.9%, hands 34.3%). Upon hospital admission, most patients presented only local complaints, mainly pain (92.1%) and edema (33.1%) and were classified as presenting mild (89.8%), moderate (8.5%) and severe (0.5%) envenomation. Few patients (1.2%) did not present signs of envenomation. Severe accidents were only confirmed in two children (9 m, 3 y). Both developed acute pulmonary edema, and the older died 9 h after the accident. Patients more than 70 year-old had a significantly greater (p<0.05) frequency of moderate envenomations compared to the 10-70-year-old individuals. Proceedings to relief local pain were frequently performed (local anesthesia alone 32.0%, local anesthesia plus analgesics 20.6% and oral analgesics alone 25.1%). Only 2.3% of the patients (two cases classified as severe and eight as moderate, eight of them in children) were treated with i.v. antiarachnid antivenom. No antivenom early reaction was observed. In conclusion, accidents involving the genus Phoneutria are common in the region of Campinas, with the highest risk groups being children under 10 years of age and adults over 70 years of age. Cases of serious envenomation are rare (0.5%).Foram estudados, de janeiro de 1984 a dezembro de 1996, 422 pacientes (9 meses-99 anos, mediana 29 anos), picados por aranhas capturadas e identificadas como Phoneutria spp. A maioria dos acidentes ocorreu nos meses de março e abril (29,2%), dentro das residências (54,5%), no período diurno (76,5%) e nos membros (pés, 40,9% e mãos, 34,3%). À admissão, a maioria dos pacientes apresentava somente queixas locais, principalmente dor (92,1%) e edema (33,1%), tendo sido classificados como acidentes leves (89,8%), moderados (8,5%), graves (0,5%) e assintomáticos (1,2%). Constatou-se que os acidentes classificados como moderados foram significativamente mais freqüentes nos pacientes com idade acima de 70 anos, quando comparados com o grupo etário de 10 a 70 anos (p<0,05) e que os 2 casos classificados como graves ocorreram em 2 crianças, respectivamente com 9 meses e 3 anos de idade, ambas desenvolvendo edema pulmonar agudo, evoluindo a segunda para o óbito, 9 horas após o acidente. Procedimentos para o alívio da dor foram amplamente utilizados (anestesia local - 32,0%, anestesia local e analgésicos - 20,1% e, analgesia via oral exclusiva - 25,6%). O antiveneno antiaracnídico foi empregado em 2,3% dos casos (2 graves e 8 moderados, 8 destes crianças), não sendo observada nenhuma reação precoce ao antiveneno. Pode se concluir que apesar de os acidentes com aranhas do gênero Phoneutria serem comuns na região de Campinas, os acidentes graves são raros, sendo observados em somente 0,5% desta casuística, constituindo grupos de risco crianças com menos de 10 anos de idade e pacientes idosos (> 70 anos)

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Estudo clínico-epidemiológico dos acidentes causados poraranhas do gênero Phoneutria

From January, 1984 to December, 1996, 422 patients (ages 9 m-99 y, median 29 y) were admitted after being bitten by spiders which were brought and identified as Phoneutria spp. Most of the bites occurred at March and April months (29.2%), in the houses (54.5%), during the day (76.5%), and in the limbs (feet 40.9%, hands 34.3%). Upon hospital admission, most patients presented only local complaints, mainly pain (92.1%) and edema (33.1%) and were classified as presenting mild (89.8%), moderate (8.5%) and severe (0.5%) envenomation. Few patients (1.2%) did not present signs of envenomation. Severe accidents were only confirmed in two children (9 m, 3 y). Both developed acute pulmonary edema, and the older died 9 h after the accident. Patients more than 70 year-old had a significantly greater (p<0.05) frequency of moderate envenomations compared to the 10-70-year-old individuals. Proceedings to relief local pain were frequently performed (local anesthesia alone 32.0%, local anesthesia plus analgesics 20.6% and oral analgesics alone 25.1%). Only 2.3% of the patients (two cases classified as severe and eight as moderate, eight of them in children) were treated with i.v. antiarachnid antivenom. No antivenom early reaction was observed. In conclusion, accidents involving the genus Phoneutria are common in the region of Campinas, with the highest risk groups being children under 10 years of age and adults over 70 years of age. Cases of serious envenomation are rare (0.5%).Foram estudados, de janeiro de 1984 a dezembro de 1996, 422 pacientes (9 meses-99 anos, mediana 29 anos), picados por aranhas capturadas e identificadas como Phoneutria spp. A maioria dos acidentes ocorreu nos meses de março e abril (29,2%), dentro das residências (54,5%), no período diurno (76,5%) e nos membros (pés, 40,9% e mãos, 34,3%). À admissão, a maioria dos pacientes apresentava somente queixas locais, principalmente dor (92,1%) e edema (33,1%), tendo sido classificados como acidentes leves (89,8%), moderados (8,5%), graves (0,5%) e assintomáticos (1,2%). Constatou-se que os acidentes classificados como moderados foram significativamente mais freqüentes nos pacientes com idade acima de 70 anos, quando comparados com o grupo etário de 10 a 70 anos (p<0,05) e que os 2 casos classificados como graves ocorreram em 2 crianças, respectivamente com 9 meses e 3 anos de idade, ambas desenvolvendo edema pulmonar agudo, evoluindo a segunda para o óbito, 9 horas após o acidente. Procedimentos para o alívio da dor foram amplamente utilizados (anestesia local - 32,0%, anestesia local e analgésicos - 20,1% e, analgesia via oral exclusiva - 25,6%). O antiveneno antiaracnídico foi empregado em 2,3% dos casos (2 graves e 8 moderados, 8 destes crianças), não sendo observada nenhuma reação precoce ao antiveneno. Pode se concluir que apesar de os acidentes com aranhas do gênero Phoneutria serem comuns na região de Campinas, os acidentes graves são raros, sendo observados em somente 0,5% desta casuística, constituindo grupos de risco crianças com menos de 10 anos de idade e pacientes idosos (> 70 anos).1721Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq