150 research outputs found

    La fermeture des paysages dans le Massif central : regards d’habitants sur une question d’experts

    Get PDF
    Suite au repli de l’agriculture sur les zones les plus productives, de nombreuses terres agricoles se sont boisĂ©es naturellement au cours des trois derniĂšres dĂ©cennies. Les paysages ruraux des zones de moyenne montagne ont changĂ© Ă  tel point que certains acteurs du monde rural parlent de « fermeture du paysage ». AprĂšs une Ă©vocation rapide de l’émergence de cette thĂ©matique sur la scĂšne institutionnelle nationale et locale, nous verrons comment les habitants du causse de Sauveterre (LozĂšre) perçoivent au quotidien ces dynamiques paysagĂšres. En effet, si les institutions agricoles et environnementales font de la question de la fermeture des paysages un enjeu en termes de biodiversitĂ© notamment, les habitants traduisent cette problĂ©matique en d’autres termes. Pour eux, l’embroussaillement des anciennes terres de parcours reflĂštent avant tout une recomposition profonde des liens sociaux. Ils sont aussi trĂšs attentifs aux dĂ©frichements qui ne signifient pas seulement une « rĂ©ouverture des paysages », mais s’avĂšrent ĂȘtre aussi une occasion de redĂ©finir les droits des diffĂ©rents usagers de l’espace.spatial dynamics, land use, landscape, perception, social representation

    Une concertation restreinte pour dĂ©finir l’intĂ©rĂȘt gĂ©nĂ©ral des espaces forestiers : Regard sur un paradoxe

    Get PDF
    La concertation est une mĂ©thode frĂ©quemment mise en oeuvre pour dĂ©finir un bien commun localisĂ©. L’objectif est d’obtenir une cohĂ©rence et une lĂ©gitimitĂ© plus grande des dĂ©cisions par rapport Ă  l’action publique classique qui prĂ©sume une conception prĂ©alable de l’intĂ©rĂȘt gĂ©nĂ©ral. Afin d’éviter de privatiser le bien commun local par des intĂ©rĂȘts particuliers, les dispositifs d’intervention publique prĂ©conisent d’associer une grande diversitĂ© d’acteurs au processus dĂ©libĂ©ratif. À partir d’un exemple sur la multifonctionnalitĂ© de la forĂȘt dans le sud de la France, on se demandera si l’opĂ©rationnalisation de ces principes permet de garantir une dĂ©finition plus dĂ©mocratique de l’intĂ©rĂȘt gĂ©nĂ©ral. On a observĂ© que les discussions Ă  propos des fonctions que devait remplir cette forĂȘt ont Ă©tĂ© menĂ©es surtout entre acteurs de la filiĂšre bois. Pour autant, la problĂ©matique issue du processus dĂ©libĂ©ratif ne cantonne pas la forĂȘt dans un rĂŽle de production. Elle lui assigne une fragile fonction de protection et surtout une fonction sociale (services rĂ©crĂ©atifs). On assisterait donc Ă  une publicisation de la forĂȘt sur le secteur alors que l’espace de dĂ©bat ne peut ĂȘtre qualifiĂ© de dĂ©mocratique. Ce constat nous interroge sur le lien communĂ©ment fait entre la diversitĂ© des acteurs associĂ©s et le dĂ©passement des intĂ©rĂȘts particuliers. Nous proposons des hypothĂšses explicatives Ă  ce rĂ©sultat qui peut paraĂźtre paradoxal.Participation is frequently implemented to define localized common goods. The aim is to obtain a larger and more coherent legitimacy of the decisions compared to the traditional public action which supposes a preliminary conception of the general interest. In order to avoid the privatization of common goods by private interests, public policies tools recommend to associate a great diversity of actors with the deliberative process. Drawing on experience from a research program on multifonctionality of the forest in the south of France, we will wonder whether the implementation of these principles guarantees a more democratic definition of the public interest. It was observed that the discussions in connection with forest multifunctionality were mainly managed by forest actors. For as much, the problems resulting from the deliberative process do not confine the forest in a role of production. It assigns a fragile function of protection and especially a social function to it (recreational activities). We attend a publicisation of the forest whereas the frame of the participation forums cannot be described as democratic. This paradox questions us on the link commonly established between the stakeholders’ diversity and the protection of their private interests. We propose assumptions to explain this result which can appear paradoxical

    Sensibiliser les forestiers au paysage : ébranler les certitudes, construire ensemble de nouveaux savoirs

    Get PDF
    Depuis une dizaine d’annĂ©es, les enjeux paysagers liĂ©s Ă  la forĂȘt prennent une place grandissante en France. D’une part, la forĂȘt participe Ă  la transformation des paysages ruraux, par expansion des boisements au sein des espaces agricoles. D’autre part, les regards que la sociĂ©tĂ© pose sur les forĂȘts Ă©voluent vite et sont parfois contradictoires : selon un sondage rĂ©alisĂ© en novembre 2000 (SOFRES, 2001), 56 % des Français prĂ©fĂšreraient une forĂȘt entretenue et lĂ©gĂšrement amĂ©nagĂ©e, 21 % une for..

    ClustOfVar-based approach for unsupervised learning: Reading of synthetic variables with sociological data

    Get PDF
    This paper proposes an original data mining method for unsupervised learning, replacing traditional factor analysis with a system of variable clustering. Clustering of variables aims to group together variables that are strongly related to each other, i.e. containing the same information. We recently proposed the ClustOfVar method, specifically devoted to variable clustering, regardless of whether the variables are numeric or categorical in nature. It simultaneously provides homogeneous clusters of variables and their corresponding synthetic variables that can be read as a kind of gradient. In this algorithm, the homogeneity criterion of a cluster is defined by the squared Pearson correlation for the numeric variables and by the correlation ratio for the categorical variables. This method was tested on categorical data relating to French farmers and their perception of the environment. The use of synthetic variables provided us with an original approach of identifying the way farmers reconfigured the questions put to them

    Two decades of forest-related legislation changes in European countries analysed from a property rights perspective

    Get PDF
    The study was conducted in the framework of the FP1201 FACESMAP COST Action (Forest Land Ownership Change in Europe: Significance for Management and Policy) which is supported by the EU Framework Programme Horizon 2020. BJT acknowledges the support of the Danish National Research Foundation for the Centre for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate (DNRF96). MH and VJ were supported by NAZV (QK1820041) and grant EVA4.0, No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000803 financed by OPRDE. ZS and ZD have been supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency under the contract no. APVV-15-0715. JN and DN were supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia. SPM was financed by the Research Programs P4 – 0059 of the Slovenian Research Agency. DF acknowledges to Rosario Alves (FORESTIS). SKO acknowledges the Croatian Union of Private Forest Owners' Associations. TS acknowledges Mr. Oikonomou, president of the Greek Private Owners' Association. Open Access for this article was provided by the Estonian University of Life Sciences; Forest Research Institute (IBL, Poland); Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; University of Copenhagen; University of Eastern Finland; University of Ljubljana; and University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

    Understanding private forest owners’ conceptualisation of forest management : Evidence from a survey in seven European countries

    Get PDF
    Acknowledgements This paper is written as a part of Cost Action FP1201, Forest Land Ownership Changes in Europe: Significance for Management and Policy (FACESMAP). Laura Bouriaud thanks the Romanian Agency UEFISCDI for helping finance this research through the project PN-II-RU-TE-2014-4-0017. Philippe Deuffic and Elodie Brahic thank Centre National de la Propriete Forestiere (CNPF). The authors are also grateful to the people involved in data collection in the seven European countries. The authors thank the three anonymous reviewers for their useful comments that helped to improve the article.Peer reviewedPostprin

    Une approche par classification de variables pour la typologie d'observations : le cas d'une enquĂȘte agriculture et environnement

    Get PDF
    National audienceNous considĂ©rons le cas d'une enquĂȘte agriculture/environnement dont les donnĂ©es sont relatives aux transformations actuelles du mĂ©tier d'agriculteur. Nous optons pour une dĂ©marche originale en remplaçant la premiĂšre Ă©tape classique d'analyse factorielle par un algorithme de classification de variables. L'objectif de la classification de variables est de construire des classes de variables fortement liĂ©es entre elles et de supprimer ainsi l'information redondante. L'approche ClustOfVar utilisĂ©e fournit simultanĂ©ment des groupes de variables ainsi que les variables synthĂ©tiques associĂ©es aux classes de variables. Dans cet algorithme, le critĂšre d'homogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© repose sur la notion de corrĂ©lation pour les variables quantitatives et de rapport de corrĂ©lation pour les variables qualitatives. L'Ă©tape de classification de variables nous permet d'obtenir des variables synthĂ©tiques que nous proposons de lire comme une sorte de gradient. Sur nos donnĂ©es, les valeurs correspondent Ă  des regroupements de modalitĂ©s distincts et pertinents pour l'interprĂ©tation. Cette dĂ©marche nous permet de lire et d'Ă©tiqueter chaque variable synthĂ©tique. Nous mettons ainsi en Ă©vidence des tendances qui vont dĂ©partager l'opinion des agriculteurs quant Ă  leur prise en compte de l'environnement. Puis nous prĂ©cisons ces rĂ©sultats en rĂ©alisant une classification sur les scores des individus mesurĂ©s sur les variables synthĂ©tiques. Sur le plan sociologique, l'apport des variables synthĂ©tiques pour interprĂ©ter les profils-types obtenus est incontestable. / A survey on farming and environment dealing with the current transformations of the farmer job is considered. We propose to replace the usual data mining strategy which consists of applying Multiple Correspondence Analysis by a variable clustering approach. Clustering of variables aims at lumping together variables which are strongly related to each other and thus bring the same information. The ClustOfVar approach used in this paper provides at the same time groups of variables and their associated synthetic variables. In this algorithm, the homogeneity criterion of a cluster is defined by the squared Pearson correlation for the quantitative variables and by the correlation ratio for the qualitative variables. The step of variable clustering enables to get synthetic variables that can be read as a gradient. In our case study, values correspond to some relevant groupings of categories. This enables to interpret and name easily the synthetic variables. Trends in the opinion of farmers are thus highlighted with the variable clustering approach. Then we clarify these first results by applying a clustering method on the scores of the individuals measured by the synthetic variables. At the sociological level, the supply provided by the synthetic variables to interpret the clusters of farmers is obvious

    What influences European private forest owners’ affinity for subsidies?

    Get PDF
    We acknowledge the funding from the whole team from FACESMAP FPS COST Action FP1201. Also VJ was supported by the Czech National Agency for Agricultural Research (NAZV) under the contract QJ1530032.Peer reviewedPostprin

    Two decades of forest-related legislation changes in European countries analysed from a property rights perspective

    Get PDF
    In the last two decades, attention on forests and ownership rights has increased in different domains of international policy, particularly in relation to achieving the global sustainable development goals. This paper looks at the changes in forest-specific legislation applicable to regular productive forests, across 28 European countries. We compare the legal framework applicable in the mid-1990s with that applicable in 2015, using the Property Rights Index in Forestry (PRIF) to measure changes across time and space. The paper shows that forest owners in most western European countries already had high decision-making power in the mid-1990s, following deregulation trends from the 1980s; and for the next two decades, distribution of rights remained largely stable. For these countries, the content and direction of changes indicate that the main pressure on forest-focused legislation comes from environmental discourses (e.g. biodiversity and climate change policies). In contrast, former socialist countries in the mid-1990s gave lower decision-making powers to forest owners than in any of the Western Europe countries; over the next 20 years these show remarkable changes in management, exclusion and withdrawal rights. As a result of these changes, there is no longer a clear line between western and former socialist countries with respect to the national governance systems used to address private forest ownership. Nevertheless, with the exception of Baltic countries which have moved towards the western forest governance system, most of the former socialist countries still maintain a state-centred approach in private forest management. Overall, most of the changes we identified in the last two decades across Europe were recorded in the categories of management rights and exclusion rights. These changes reflect the general trend in European forest policies to expand and reinforce the landowners' individual rights, while preserving minimal rights for other categories of forest users; and to promote the use of financial instruments when targeting policy goals related to the environmental discourse

    Instituer la biodiversitĂ© comme problĂšme public, le cas des bois morts en forĂȘt

    No full text
    Comment la problĂ©matique du bois mort est-elle devenue une des composantes importantes des politiques de gestion de la biodiversitĂ© en forĂȘt ? Les auteurs nous apportent quelques Ă©lĂ©ments de rĂ©ponse sur l'Ă©mergence et la prise en compte de cette question dans les politiques de gestion
    • 

    corecore