Brain metabolic abnormalities during gait with freezing in Parkinson’s disease

International audienc

Contribution à la mise au point de systèmes absorbants organiques valorisation de farines enrichies en amidon pour la dépollution

L'objectif de la présente étude est la valorisation d'une farine enrichie en amidon présentée comme un sous-produit de l'agroalimentaire. Des polymères, à base d'amidon, ont été synthétisés en utilisant l'épichlorhydrine comme agent réticulant. Ils ont été caractérisés grâce à des analyses physico-chimiques et spectroscopiques comme la méthode de Dubois, l'analyse élémentaire, l'infrarouge à transformée de Fourier (IRFT), la résonance magnétique nucléaire du solide, permettant de mettre en évidence la structure macromoléculaire tridimensionnelle. Les polymères sont ensuite utilisés comme adsorbants pour traiter et éliminer des dérivés aromatiques et des colorants, en phase aqueuse, en utilisant deux techniques : la première est la méthode dite "batch" et la seconde implique l'utilisation d'une colonne de type chromatographique. Différentes études concernant les isothermes, les capacités et les cinétiques d'adsorption permettent d'expliquer le mécanisme qui est fondé sur des interactions à la fois physiques, stériques, électrostatiques, hydrophobes et par liaisons hydrogène. Les résultats montrent des cinétiques rapides et des rendements d'adsorption excellents pour des couples adsorbants/colorants adaptés. La régénération des adsorbants est également prise en compte. En complément, une étude de faisabilité est présentée sur des effluents industriels chargés de colorants.The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of flour, which is a by-product of the food industry, as a sorbent of pollutants in the treatment of waste water. Polymers were synthesized from starch using epichlorohydrin as the crosslinking agent. Characterization by physico-chemical and spectroscopic techniques such as the Dubois method, elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared, and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance, allowed the structure of the networks to be determine in a qualitative way. The polymers were used as sorbents for the treatment of waste water that contained aromatic derivatives and dyes, and analysed using two techniques : the first one was a "batch" method, and the second involved the use of a chromatographic column. Several studies that included isotherms, sorption capacities and kinetics discribed the mechanism in term of physical, steric, electrostatic, hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions The results showed rapid kinetics and good sorption efficiency for adapted sorbent/dye couples. The regeneration step was also shown. In addition, a feasibility study was presented with industrial effluents containing dyes.BESANCON-BU Sciences Staps (250562103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Characterization of crosslinked starch materials with spectroscopic techniques

International audiencehe structure, mobility, and properties of crosslinked starch materials of various compositions were investigated with FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, and relaxation time measurements were taken with cross-polarization/magic-angle-spinning (CP-MAS) and magic-angle-spinning (MAS) spectroscopy. Characterization by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the crosslinking reaction. The CP-MAS and MAS spectra allowed the assignment of the principal 13C signals. The molecular mobility of these polysaccharides was analyzed in terms of the cross-relaxation time between the protons and carbons, the 1H spin-lattice relaxation time in the rotating frame, and the 1H longitudinal spin-lattice relaxation time. Relaxation studies showed that increasing the crosslinking degree increased the amorphous content, and the material became rigid as an increasing number of covalent bonds in the polymer network reduced mobility. The values of the spin-lattice relaxation in the rotating frame reflected the homogeneous nature of the materials. The correlation between the crosslinking degree, structure, and mobility and the sorption properties of these sorbents was examined

Telemonitoring versus standard of care in heart failure: a randomised multicentre trial

International audienceAims: The aim was to assess the effect of a telemonitoring programme vs. standard care (SC) in preventing all‐cause deaths or unplanned hospitalisations in heart failure (HF) at 18 months.Methods and results: OSICAT was a randomised, multicentre, open‐label French study in 937 patients hospitalised for acute HF ≤12 months before inclusion. Patients were randomised to telemonitoring (daily body weight measurement, daily recording of HF symptoms, and personalised education) (n = 482) or to SC (n = 455). Mean ± standard deviation number of events for the primary outcome was 1.30 ± 1.85 for telemonitoring and 1.46 ± 1.98 for SC [rate ratio 0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.77–1.23; P = 0.80]. In New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III or IV HF, median time to all‐cause death or first unplanned hospitalisation was 82 days in the telemonitoring group and 67 days in the SC group (P = 0.03). After adjustment for known predictive factors, telemonitoring was associated with a 21% relative risk reduction in first unplanned hospitalisation for HF [hazard ratio (HR) 0.79, 95% CI 0.62–0.99; P = 0.044); the relative risk reduction was 29% in patients with NYHA class III or IV HF (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.53–0.95; P = 0.02), 38% in socially isolated patients (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.39–0.98; P = 0.043), and 37% in patients who were ≥70% adherent to body weight measurement (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.45–0.88; P = 0.006).Conclusion: Telemonitoring did not result in a significantly lower rate of all‐cause deaths or unplanned hospitalisations in HF patients. The pre‐specified subgroup results suggest the telemonitoring approach improves clinical outcomes in selected populations but need further confirmation

Reduced Cancer Incidence in Huntington's Disease: Analysis in the Registry Study

Background: People with Huntington's disease (HD) have been observed to have lower rates of cancers. Objective: To investigate the relationship between age of onset of HD, CAG repeat length, and cancer diagnosis. Methods: Data were obtained from the European Huntington's disease network REGISTRY study for 6540 subjects. Population cancer incidence was ascertained from the GLOBOCAN database to obtain standardised incidence ratios of cancers in the REGISTRY subjects. Results: 173/6528 HD REGISTRY subjects had had a cancer diagnosis. The age-standardised incidence rate of all cancers in the REGISTRY HD population was 0.26 (CI 0.22-0.30). Individual cancers showed a lower age-standardised incidence rate compared with the control population with prostate and colorectal cancers showing the lowest rates. There was no effect of CAG length on the likelihood of cancer, but a cancer diagnosis within the last year was associated with a greatly increased rate of HD onset (Hazard Ratio 18.94, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Cancer is less common than expected in the HD population, confirming previous reports. However, this does not appear to be related to CAG length in HTT. A recent diagnosis of cancer increases the risk of HD onset at any age, likely due to increased investigation following a cancer diagnosis

Clinical and genetic characteristics of late-onset Huntington's disease

Background: The frequency of late-onset Huntington's disease (&gt;59 years) is assumed to be low and the clinical course milder. However, previous literature on late-onset disease is scarce and inconclusive. Objective: Our aim is to study clinical characteristics of late-onset compared to common-onset HD patients in a large cohort of HD patients from the Registry database. Methods: Participants with late- and common-onset (30–50 years)were compared for first clinical symptoms, disease progression, CAG repeat size and family history. Participants with a missing CAG repeat size, a repeat size of ≤35 or a UHDRS motor score of ≤5 were excluded. Results: Of 6007 eligible participants, 687 had late-onset (11.4%) and 3216 (53.5%) common-onset HD. Late-onset (n = 577) had significantly more gait and balance problems as first symptom compared to common-onset (n = 2408) (P &lt;.001). Overall motor and cognitive performance (P &lt;.001) were worse, however only disease motor progression was slower (coefficient, −0.58; SE 0.16; P &lt;.001) compared to the common-onset group. Repeat size was significantly lower in the late-onset (n = 40.8; SD 1.6) compared to common-onset (n = 44.4; SD 2.8) (P &lt;.001). Fewer late-onset patients (n = 451) had a positive family history compared to common-onset (n = 2940) (P &lt;.001). Conclusions: Late-onset patients present more frequently with gait and balance problems as first symptom, and disease progression is not milder compared to common-onset HD patients apart from motor progression. The family history is likely to be negative, which might make diagnosing HD more difficult in this population. However, the balance and gait problems might be helpful in diagnosing HD in elderly patients