Hablar de tecnología significa hablar del sujeto

Habitamos un mundo que se debate entre temas de mayor importancia como la economía, el mercado y el conocimiento, aspectos todos mediados por la tecnología pero, debemos hacer una pausa y preguntarnos, cuando hablamos de tecnología ¿qué es lo más importante? La respuesta que propongo es que cuando hablamos de tecnología lo más importante es el sujeto. A partir de esta idea central desarrollo algunos puntos que espero contribuyan a la reflexión y a la valoración del individuo que hace uso de las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TIC) que se aplican en los espacios de reproducción y generación de conocimiento llamado escuela pero que, también, es un espacio de formación de personas. Para que el uso y la apropiación de las TIC resulten positivos es necesario que se dé una reconfiguración compleja del sujeto en su doble dimensión: personal y colectiva

Identificación y evaluación de las lesiones constructivas en los muros exteriores de los edificios del campus Lircay de la universidad de Talca en la ciudad de Talca, construidos entre el año 2000 y 2010

163 p.Las lesiones que se presentan en los muros de la mayoría de los edificios tienen su origen en las llamadas patologías constructivas que son anomalías o defectos que se encuentran en toda construcción y se descubren principalmente en la etapa de operación del proyecto. La presencia de una patología constructiva indica la existencia de un problema, el cual debe ser identificado y tratado, para lo cual se debe realizar un estudio sobre las lesiones encontradas. Este estudio consistió en realizar un diagnóstico evaluativo sobre los muros exteriores de los edificios del campus Lircay de la Universidad de Talca en la ciudad de Talca que se construyeron desde el año 2000 hasta el año 2010. Se identificaron y se evaluaron las zonas afectadas por distintos tipos de lesiones, con el fin de caracterizar las patologías que estaban presentes en los muros de los edificios del campus al momento de levantamiento de datos y se realizó un diagnosticando sobre su probable causa u origen. En este estudio se realizó un levantamiento de información en terreno, en donde se caracterizó y se evaluó cada lesión encontrada, dentro de la naturaleza de la investigación que es una exploración de tipo descriptivo, no experimental e información contemporánea de los muros. Luego, se organizó la información conseguida del estudio en terreno, obteniendo resultados y un análisis de éstos, sobre el tipo de lesiones encontradas, las patologías presentes y su importancia en el campus. Finalmente, se prescribió una serie de recomendaciones aplicables en la etapa de construcción, que tienen como objetivo prevenir la aparición de lesiones en los edificios del campus o en entornos similares. Estas recomendaciones se formularon a partir de las lesiones que más aquejan a los edificios del campus. Como conclusión, se puede afirmar una presencia importante de patologías constructivas y por consiguiente lesiones en el campus Lircay alcanzando un 16,58% de la superficie registrada con la presencia de lesiones patológicas, las cuales tienen su probable origen en los materiales utilizados para construir y en el entorno con mayor superficie de la Universidad Talca, favorecidas enormemente por la humedad existente en la Universidad que se emplaza en la avenida Lircay

Chirped-pulse Phase-sensitive Reflectometer Assisted by First Order Raman Amplification

The use of linearly chirped probe pulses in phase sensitive-(Phi)OTDR technology has been recently demonstrated to allow for high-resolution, quantitative and dynamic temperature or strain variation measurements in a simple and very robust manner. This new sensing technology, known as chirped-pulse PhiOTDR, had a maximum reported sensing range of 11 km. In this paper, a 75 km sensing range with 10 m spatial resolution is demonstrated by using bidirectional first order Raman amplification. The system is capable of performing truly linear, single-shot measurements of strain perturbations with an update rate of 1 kHz and 1 nepsilon resolution. The time-domain trace of the sensor exhibits a signal to noise ratio (SNR) in the worst point of >3 dB, allowing to monitor vibrations up to 500 Hz with remarkable accuracy. To demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed system, we apply 20 dB (with only 300 ms analysis window and no post-processing) and no evidence of nonlinearity in the acoustic response. The optical nonlinear effects that the probe pulse could suffer along the sensing fiber are thoroughly studied, paying special attention to potential distortions of the pulse shape, particularly in its instantaneous frequency profile. Our analysis reveals that, for proper values of peak power, the pulse does not suffer any major distortion and therefore the system performance is not compromised.European CommissionMinisterio de Economía y CompetitividadComunidad de Madri

Effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on the participation of vasodilator factors in aorta from orchidectomized rats

Benefits of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) against cardiovascular diseases have been reported. Vascular tone regulation is largely mediated by endothelial factors whose release is modulated by sex hormones. Since the incidence of cardiovascular pathologies has been correlated with decreased levels of sex hormones, the aim of this study was to analyze whether a diet supplemented with the specific PUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) could prevent vascular changes induced by an impaired gonadal function. For this purpose, control and orchidectomized rats were fed with a standard diet supplemented with 5% (w/w) sunflower oil or with 3% (w/w) sunflower oil plus 2% (w/w) DHA. The lipid profile, the blood pressure, the production of prostanoids and nitric oxide (NO), and the redox status of biological samples from control and orchidectomized rats, fed control or DHA-supplemented diet, were analyzed. The vasodilator response and the contribution of NO, prostanoids and hyperpolarizing mechanisms were also studied. The results showed that orchidectomy negatively affected the lipid profile, increased the production of prostanoids and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and decreased NO production and the antioxidant capacity, as well as the participation of hyperpolarizing mechanisms in the vasodilator responses. The DHAsupplemented diet of the orchidectomized rats decreased the release of prostanoids and ROS, while increasing NO production and the antioxidant capacity, and it also improved the lipid profile. Additionally, it restored the participation of hyperpolarizing mechanisms by activating potassium. Since the modifications induced by the DHA-supplemented diet were observed in the orchidectomized, but not in the healthy group, DHA seems to exert cardioprotective effects in physiopathological situations in which vascular dysfunction existsThis study was supported by grants to MF from the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (PI1100406), Comunidad de Madrid (S2013/ABI- 2783, “INSPIRA1-CM”), Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, and Centro de Estudios América Latina (Grupo Santander-UAM)

La imagen y la narrativa como herramienta para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Municipio de Sincelejo

La violencia es un fenómeno que se ha presentado desde tiempos remotos en nuestro país, el dolor, el desplazamiento y las muertes han sido situaciones a las que muchas personas debieron enfrentarse y cargar con una marca que los recuerda toda la vida, el siguiente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar el relato de una historia donde se evidencia la violencia y el dolor que vivencio una comunidad por parte de los grupos armado, presentar los emergentes psicosociales identificados en el caso, reflexionar alrededor de los significados de la violencia desde la experiencia subjetiva del protagonista e identificar los recurso de afrontamiento y elementos resiliente que se dan en el discurso. A través de preguntas de tipo circular, estratégicas y reflexivas se busca comprender mejor las vivencias de los habitantes, se implementan estrategias que busquen mitigar el impacto que ha generado la violencia en la vida de estas personas, la imagen y la narrativa han sido elementos esenciales que han permitido dar a conocer el proceso de violencia en cada contexto por medio de diferentes descripciones físicas y simbólicas, con este trabajo se pudo identificar emergentes psicosociales los cuales fueron aplicados al análisis de relatos de historias de vidas esperanzadoras en sobrevivientes del conflicto armado en nuestro país, recordando episodios de una violencia que marcó su pasado, pero que hoy por medio del lenguaje se expresan, reflexionan, recuerdan y reconstruyen argumentos significativos e impactantes de la memoria, identificando y reconociendo sus mecanismos de afrontamiento para poder superar la difícil situación vivida.Violence is a phenomenon that has been present since ancient times in our country, pain, displacement and deaths have been situations that many people had to face and carry a mark that remembers them all their lives, the following work has The objective is to analyze the story of a story where the violence and pain experienced by a community by the armed groups is evident, to present the psychosocial emergents identified in the case, to reflect on the meanings of violence from the subjective experience of the protagonist. and identify coping resources and resilient elements that occur in the discourse. Through circular, strategic and reflective questions, the aim is to better understand the experiences of the inhabitants, strategies are implemented that seek to mitigate the impact that violence has generated in the lives of these people, the image and the narrative have been essential elements that have made it possible to publicize the process of violence in each context through different physical and symbolic descriptions, with this work it was possible to identify psychosocial emergents which were applied to the analysis of stories of hopeful lives in survivors of the armed conflict in our country, recalling episodes of violence that marked their past, but that today through language express, reflect, remember and reconstruct significant and powerful arguments from memory, identifying and acknowledging their coping mechanisms in order to overcome the difficult situation experienced

Base de Información Bioantropológica de Patagonia Austral (B.I.B.P.A)

The human skeletal remains of Southern Patagonia are scattered throughout numerous European and American institutions. Currently there are more than 1150 individuals in those institutions. Information about the remains and the peer-reviewed published bioanthropological information about each of them have been compiled in the Base de Información Bioantropológica de Patagonia Austral (Southern Patagonian Bioanthropological Information Base). This platform is conceived as a tool that seeks to facilitate and streamline the work of the community of bioanthropologists and other scientists. The database is public and open source, and it is available to both the scientific community and the wider public. It will be updated periodically, with the information that the community generates and makes available to its peers by meansof the various formats that scientists employ to publish their scientific work.Los restos óseos humanos de Patagonia Austral se encuentran dispersos en numerosas instituciones europeas y americanas. Actualmente se contabilizan más de 1150 individuos. Esos sujetos y la información de orden bioantropológica publicada acerca de cada uno de ellos ha sido compilada en la Base de Información Bioantropológica de Patagonia Austral. Esta plataforma se concibe como una herramienta que busca facilitar y agilizar la labor de la comunidad de antropólogos biólogos y afines, de la región. Es de carácter público y código abierto, y se encuentra a disposición tanto de la comunidad científica como de la sociedad. Se actualizará de manera periódica, con la información que la comunidad genere y ponga a disposición de sus pares a través de los diversos formatos que los científicos tienen para difundir su labor científica

Father's occupational exposure to carcinogenic agents and childhood acute leukemia: a new method to assess exposure (a case-control study)

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Medical research has not been able to establish whether a father's occupational exposures are associated with the development of acute leukemia (AL) in their offspring. The studies conducted have weaknesses that have generated a misclassification of such exposure. Occupations and exposures to substances associated with childhood cancer are not very frequently encountered in the general population; thus, the reported risks are both inconsistent and inaccurate. In this study, to assess exposure we used a new method, an exposure index, which took into consideration the industrial branch, specific position, use of protective equipment, substances at work, degree of contact with such substances, and time of exposure. This index allowed us to obtain a grade, which permitted the identification of individuals according to their level of exposure to known or potentially carcinogenic agents that are not necessarily specifically identified as risk factors for leukemia. The aim of this study was to determine the association between a father's occupational exposure to carcinogenic agents and the presence of AL in their offspring.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>From 1999 to 2000, a case-control study was performed with 193 children who reside in Mexico City and had been diagnosed with AL. The initial sample-size calculation was 150 children per group, assessed with an expected odds ratio (OR) of three and a minimum exposure frequency of 15.8%. These children were matched by age, sex, and institution with 193 pediatric surgical patients at secondary-care hospitals. A questionnaire was used to determine each child's background and the characteristics of the father's occupation(s). In order to determine the level of exposure to carcinogenic agents, a previously validated exposure index (occupational exposure index, OEI) was used. The consistency and validity of the index were assessed by a questionnaire comparison, the sensory recognition of the work area, and an expert's opinion.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The adjusted ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were 1.69 (0.98, 2.92) during the preconception period; 1.98 (1.13, 3.45) during the index pregnancy; 2.11 (1.17, 3.78) during breastfeeding period; 2.17 (1.28, 3.66) after birth; and 2.06 (1.24, 3.42) for global exposure.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This is the first study in which an OEI was used to assess a father's occupational exposure to carcinogenic agents as a risk factor for the development of childhood AL in his offspring. From our results, we conclude that children whose fathers have been exposed to a high level of carcinogenic agents seem to have a greater risk of developing acute leukemia. However, confounding factors cannot be disregarded due to an incomplete control for confounding.</p

Executive function and IQ predict mathematical and attention problems in very preterm children

Objective of this study was to examine the impact of executive function (EF) on mathematical and attention problems in very preterm (gestational age ≤ 30 weeks) children. Participants were 200 very preterm (mean age 8.2 ± 2.5 years) and 230 term children (mean age 8.3 ± 2.3 years) without severe disabilities, born between 1996 and 2004. EFs assessed included verbal fluency, verbal working memory, visuospatial span, planning, and impulse control. Mathematics was assessed with the Dutch Pupil Monitoring System and parents and teachers rated attention problems using standardized behavior questionnaires. The impact of EF was calculated over and above processi