Redox Regulation, Rather than Stress-Induced Phosphorylation, of a Hog1 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Modulates Its Nitrosative-Stress-Specific Outputs

Data availability. The RNA sequencing dataset is available at EBI (www.ebi.ac.uk/arrayexpress/) under accession number E-MTAB-5990. Other data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank Debbie Smith for constructing the strains JC41 and JC310, Arnab Pradhan for help with DHE control experiments, and our colleagues in the Aberdeen Fungal Group and Newcastle Yeast Group for insightful discussions. We are also grateful to Mike Gustin for his advice. We are grateful to the Centre for Genome Enabled Biology and Medicine, Aberdeen Proteomics, the Iain Fraser Cytometry Centre, the Microscopy and Histology Facility, and the qPCR facility at the University of Aberdeen for their help, advice, and support. This work was funded by the UK Biotechnology and Biological Research Council (http://www.bbsrc.ac.uk) (grants BB/K017365/1 and BB/F00513X/1 to A.J.P.B. and grant BB/K016393/1 to J.Q.). This work was also supported by the European Research Council (http://erc.europa.eu/) (STRIFE advanced grant C-2009-AdG-249793 to A.J.P.B.), the UK Medical Research Council (http://www.mrc.ac.uk) (grant MR/M026663/1 to A.J.P.B. and grant MR/M000923/1 to P.S.S.), the Wellcome Trust (https://wellcome.ac.uk) (grant 097377 to A.J.P.B. and J.Q.), the MRC Centre for Medical Mycology and the University of Aberdeen (grant MR/M026663/1 to A.J.P.B.). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Biomarkers of caspofungin resistance in Candida albicans isolates : A proteomic approach

Acknowledgments We would like to acknowledge Dr. Donna MacCallum and Dr. Markus Kostrzewa for providing strains for this work. Funding The work was supported by the Horizon 2020 [847507]; 610 H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions [H2020-MSCAITN-2014-642095]; H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions [812969].Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Prioritising Health in Mobility Planning:Assessing Health and co-benefits in European Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans

Transport can influence health both positively and negatively through various detrimental and beneficial pathways. Transport policies that promote health offer major environmental and economic co-benefits and are critical for achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. To date, few studies have empirically examined the degree to which health goals and outcomes have been incorporated into urban mobility plans. This work assesses how much health is addressed in current Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMPs), including the extent to which: i) health and its various aspects like health equity are highlighted, ii) transport pathways to health and their associated health outcomes are made explicit, and iii) health is operationalised into targets and KPIs and the health-rationale of various actions and measures is elaborated. A three-step method is used: i) developing a health dictionary and a policy analysis checklist, ii) conducting a quantitative text analysis on a dataset of 230 SUMPs, and iii) performing a detailed qualitative analysis of a purposive sample of 13 SUMPs across Europe. The findings show that while health is often touched upon, and its prominence seems to be increasing, SUMPs miss out on the opportunity to embrace mobility as a driver of health promotion. The link between transport and equity, and social and mental wellbeing is not frequently discussed. Detailed targets and key performance indicators (KPIs) for several health pathways are scarce or missing, as are the health rationale and health outcomes for proposed measures. Overwhelmingly SUMPs’ health aspirations are concerned with minimising detrimental impacts of transport on health, primarily from traffic injuries and to a lesser extent from air pollution. Health related concepts such as accessibility and active travel feature prominently but are not seen as an opportunity to enhance health. It is recommended to highlight the role of transport policy not only in reducing adverse health effects, but also as an opportunity for health enhancement.</div

List of New Names of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria (2008-2010)

In 2010 the International Society of Plant Pathology Committee on the Taxonomy of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria published the Comprehensive List of Names of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria, 1980-2007 to provide an authoritative register of names of plant pathogens. In this manuscript we update the list of names by cataloguing names published from 2008 to 2010. We provide those names that have been validly and effectively published in this time frame, the proposed names that we judged to be invalid and names published earlier that did not make the previous lists. We also discuss problems that arise in the naming of strains that fall into the status Candidatus and nomenclatural problems in the genus Xanthomonas

Advances in imaging chest tuberculosis: blurring of differences between children and adults

This article reviews the ongoing role of imaging in the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) and its complications. A modern imaging classification of TB, taking into account both adults and children and the blurring of differences in the presentation patterns, must be absorbed into daily practice. Clinicians must not only be familiar with imaging features of TB but also become expert at detecting these when radiologists are unavailable. Communication between radiologists and clinicians with regard to local constraints, patterns of disease, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection rates, and imaging parameters relevant for management (especially in drug resistance programs) is paramount for making an impact with imaging, and preserving clinician confidence. Recognition of special imaging, anatomic and vulnerability differences between children and adults is more important than trying to define patterns of disease exclusive to children

Do Placebo Response Rates from Cessation Trials Inform on Strength of Addictions?

There is an implied assumption that addictions to different substances vary in strength from weak (easier to stop) to strong (harder to stop), though explicit definitions are lacking. Our hypothesis is that the strength of addictions can be measured by cessation rates found with placebo or no treatment controls, and that a weaker addiction would have a higher cessation rate than a stronger addiction. We report an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of cessation trials, using randomised or quasi-randomised trials and reporting objectively-measured abstinence. The outcome for comparison was quit rates–typically the percentage of participants abstinent according to an objective test of abstinence at six months or longer. Twenty-eight cessation reviews (139,000 participants) were found. Most data came from reviews of smoking cessation in over 127,000 participants, and other reviews each covered a few thousand participants. Few reviews used data from studies shorter than three months, and almost all determined abstinence using objective measures. Cessation rates with placebo in randomised trials using objective measures of abstinence and typically over six months duration were 8% for nicotine, 18% for alcohol, 47% for cocaine, and 44% for opioids. Evidence from placebo cessation rates indicates that nicotine is more difficult to give up than alcohol, cocaine, and opioids. Tobacco is also a severe addiction, with a number of major deleterious health effects in a large number of people

Balzac and the crime of the powerful

This paper proposes a journey through some of the many novels written by Honoré de Balzac, through the mythic constitution of his world, his epic which summons up the same recurrent circle of figures: his ‘human comedy’ will offer surprising insights for a better understanding of the crimes of the powerful

At-line boar taint classification by means of Rapid Evaporative Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (REIMS)

Increasing awareness of animal welfare has led to a European incentive to ban the surgical castration of piglets. A valid alternative for castration is the rearing of entire male pigs, but this allows the (re)occurrence of boar taint, an off-odour in meat from entire boars (1). Hence, due to adverse consumer reactions to pork with boar taint, the rearing of entire boars requires valid boar taint mitigation strategies. However, the introduction of Rapid Evaporative Ionisation MS (REIMS) offers compelling perspectives for the rapid as well as accurate at-line detection of boar taint by significantly reducing analysis time and workload, yet enhancing research output and efficiency (2). In this study, REIMS was used as a direct analysis technique to train predictive models for identification of boar taint above the odour threshold (based on sensory (soldering iron method) as well as chemical analysis (UHPLC-HRMS analysis of indole, skatole and androstenone levels) 3. Adipose tissue was sampled using a prototype bipolar handheld sampling device connected directly to a Xevo G2-XS Q-TOF system equipped with REIMS source (Fig. 1). The results demonstrate that untargeted mass spectrometric profiling in negative ionisation mode enables the construction of predictive models using LiveID, AMX and Simca (Q2 = 0.547, R2Y = 0.652 and p = 0) for the classification of carcasses according to boar taint status based on alterations in lipid profiles. As REIMS eliminates sample pre-treatment with analysis taking < 10 seconds, it offers significant potential as the first technique enabling accurate in-situ detection of boar taint. REIMS is a promising and highly innovative tool for several types of food quality and safety applications, furthermore allowing us to move state-of-the-art equipment and applications from bench to production site. Acknowledgments: This research was partly funded by the Flemish Government, department of animal welfare (LNE/STG/DWZ/16/11). References: [1] K. Verplanken, Ghent University PhD dissertation, (2018) 1-15. [2] K. Verplanken et al., Talanta, 169 (2017) 30–36. [3] K. Bekaert et al., Journal of Chromatography A, 1239 (2012) 49-55