60 research outputs found
Implementation of Web-Based Respondent-Driven Sampling among Men who Have Sex with Men in Vietnam
Objective: Lack of representative data about hidden groups, like men who have
sex with men (MSM), hinders an evidence-based response to the HIV epidemics.
Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) was developed to overcome sampling challenges
in studies of populations like MSM for which sampling frames are absent.
Internet-based RDS (webRDS) can potentially circumvent limitations of the
original RDS method. We aimed to implement and evaluate webRDS among a hidden
population.
Methods and Design: This cross-sectional study took place 18 February to 12
April, 2011 among MSM in Vietnam. Inclusion criteria were men, aged 18 and
above, who had ever had sex with another man and were living in Vietnam.
Participants were invited by an MSM friend, logged in, and answered a survey.
Participants could recruit up to four MSM friends. We evaluated the system by
its success in generating sustained recruitment and the degree to which the
sample compositions stabilized with increasing sample size.
Results: Twenty starting participants generated 676 participants over 24
recruitment waves. Analyses did not show evidence of bias due to ineligible
participation. Estimated mean age was 22 year and 82% came from the two large
metropolitan areas. 32 out of 63 provinces were represented. The median number
of sexual partners during the last six months was two. The sample composition
stabilized well for 16 out of 17 variables.
Conclusion: Results indicate that webRDS could be implemented at a low cost
among Internet-using MSM in Vietnam. WebRDS may be a promising method for
sampling of Internet-using MSM and other hidden groups.
Key words: Respondent-driven sampling, Online sampling, Men who have sex with
men, Vietnam, Sexual risk behavio
Оценивание финансово-экономической безопасности предприятий молокоперерабатывающей отрасли
The essence of the concept “financial and economic security of the enterprise” is
covered. Methodological approaches to the enterprise financial and economic security evaluation
are considered, enabling the method of index numberrating score of the enterprise financial and
economic security to be found. Dynamics of milk anddairy production in Ukraine has been studied.
Ukrainian regions leading in liquid processed milk production have been identified. Dynamics of
milk and dairy production per man has been analyzed which allowed to find out the annual
increase in demand per man. Integrated index of the dairy enterprise financial and economic
security has been evaluated. As a result, the ways to increase the managerial efficiency of financial
and economic security of the following enterprises:PJSC "Dubnomoloko", PJSC "Kupyans'ki milk
canning plant", PJSC the "Yagotyns'ki creamery", PJSC the "Pervomais'ki milk canning plant" are
offered.У статті розкрито сутність поняття фінансово-економічної безпеки
підприємства. Розглянуто методичні підходи щодо оцінювання фінансово-економічної
безпеки підприємства, що дозволило виявити підхід рейтингової оцінки показника
фінансово-економічної безпеки підприємства. Досліджено динаміку виробництва молока та
молочних продуктів України. Виявити області України, які є лідерами з виробництва молока
рідкого обробленого. Проаналізовано динаміку виробництва молока та молочних продуктів
на одну особу, що дозволило встановити щорічне зростання попиту на одну особу.
Визначено підприємства молокопереробної галузі. Проведено оцінку інтегрального
показника фінансово-економічної безпеки підприємств молокопереробної галузі. За
результатами оцінки запропоновано шляхи підвищення ефективності управління фінансово-економічної безпеки таких підприємств, як: ПАТ «Дубномолоко», ПАТ «Куп’янський
молочноконсервний комбінат», ПАТ «Яготинський маслозавод», ПАТ «Первомайський
молочноконсервний комбінат».В статье раскрыто сущность понятия финансово-экономическая
безопасность предприятия. Рассмотрено методические подходы относительно оценивания
финансово-экономической безопасности предприятия, что позволило выявить поход
рейтинговой оценки показателя финансово-экономической безопасности предприятия.
Исследовано динамику производства молока и молочных продуктов Украины. Выявлены
области Украины, которые являются лидерами по производству молока жидкого
обработанного. Проанализировано динамику производства молока и молочных продуктов на
одного человека, что позволило установить ежегодный рост спроса на одного человека.
Определены предприятия молокоперерабатывающей отрасли. Проведена оценка
интегрального показателя финансово-экономической безопасности предприятий
молокоперерабатывающей отрасли. По результатам оценки предложены пути повышения
эффективности управления финансово-экономической безопасности таких предприятий,
как: ПАО «Дубномолоко», ПАО «Купянский молочноконсервный комбинат», ПАО
«Яготинский маслозавод», ПАО «Первомайский молочноконсервный комбинат»
Carotenoids Play a Positive Role in the Degradation of Heterocycles by Sphingobium yanoikuyae
BACKGROUND: Microbial oxidative degradation is a potential way of removing pollutants such as heterocycles from the environment. During this process, reactive oxygen species or other oxidants are inevitably produced, and may cause damage to DNA, proteins, and membranes, thereby decreasing the degradation rate. Carotenoids can serve as membrane-integrated antioxidants, protecting cells from oxidative stress. FINDINGS: Several genes involved in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway were cloned and characterized from a carbazole-degrading bacterium Sphingobium yanoikuyae XLDN2-5. In addition, a yellow-pigmented carotenoid synthesized by strain XLDN2-5 was identified as zeaxanthin that was synthesized from β-carotene through β-cryptoxanthin. The amounts of zeaxanthin and hydrogen peroxide produced were significantly and simultaneously enhanced during the biodegradation of heterocycles (carbazole < carbazole + benzothiophene < carbazole + dibenzothiophene). These higher production levels were consistent with the transcriptional increase of the gene encoding phytoene desaturase, one of the key enzymes for carotenoid biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Sphingobium yanoikuyae XLDN2-5 can enhance the synthesis of zeaxanthin, one of the carotenoids, which may modulate membrane fluidity and defense against intracellular oxidative stress. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the positive role of carotenoids in the biodegradation of heterocycles, while elucidating the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway in the Sphingobium genus
Genotyping and antibiotic resistance of thermophilic Campylobacter isolated from chicken and pig meat in Vietnam
Background Campylobacter species are recognized as the most common cause of
foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis in humans. In this study nine
Campylobacter strains isolated from chicken meat and pork in Hanoi, Vietnam,
were characterized using molecular methods and tested for antibiotic
resistance. Results The nine isolates (eight C. jejuni and one C. coli) were
identified by multiplex PCR, and tested for the presence or absence of 29 gene
loci associated with virulence, lipooligosaccharide (LOS) biosynthesis and
further functions. flaA typing, multilocus sequence typing and microarray
assay investigation showed a high degree of genetic diversity among these
isolates. In all isolates motility genes (flaA, flaB, flhA, fliM),
colonization associated genes (cadF, docB), toxin production genes (cdtA,
cdtB, secD, secF), and the LOS biosynthesis gene pglB were detected. Eight
gene loci (fliY, virB11, Cje1278, Cj1434c, Cj1138, Cj1438c, Cj1440c, Cj1136)
could not be detected by PCR. A differing presence of the gene loci ciaB (22.2
%), Cje1280 (77.8 %), docC (66.7 %), and cgtB (55.6 %) was found. iamA, cdtC,
and the type 6 secretion system were present in all C. jejuni isolates but not
in C. coli. flaA typing resulted in five different genotypes within C. jejuni,
MLST classified the isolates into seven sequence types (ST-5155, ST-6736,
ST-2837, ST-4395, ST-5799, ST-4099 and ST-860). The microarray assay analysis
showed a high genetic diversity within Vietnamese Campylobacter isolates which
resulted in eight different types for C. jejuni. Antibiotic susceptibility
profiles showed that all isolates were sensitive to gentamicin and most
isolates (88.8 %) were sensitive to chloramphenicol, erythromycin and
streptomycin. Resistance rates to nalidixic acid, tetracycline and
ciprofloxacin were 88.9, 77.8 and 66.7 %, respectively. Conclusions To the
best of our knowledge, this study is the first report that shows high genetic
diversity and remarkable antibiotic resistance of Campylobacter strains
isolated from meat in Vietnam which can be considered of high public health
significance. These preliminary data show that large scale screenings are
justified to assess the relevance of Campylobacter infections on human health
in Vietnam
Exclusive breast feeding in early infancy reduces the risk of inpatient admission for diarrhea and suspected pneumonia in rural Vietnam: a prospective cohort study
BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory infections and diarrhea remain the leading causes of infant morbidity and mortality, with a high burden of both pneumonia and diarrhea in South-East Asia. The aim of the study was to determine antenatal and early infant predictive factors for severe morbidity episodes during the first 6 months of life in Ha Nam province, Vietnam. METHODS: A prospective cohort study of 1049 infants, born to women who had previously participated in a cluster randomized controlled trial of antenatal micronutrient supplementation in rural Vietnam, was undertaken between 28th September 2010 and 8th Jan 2012. Infants were followed until 6 months of age, and the outcome measure was inpatient admission for suspected pneumonia or diarrheal illness during the first 6 months of life. Risk factors were assessed using univariable logistic regression and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Of the 1049 infants seen at 6 months of age, 8.8 % required inpatient admission for suspected pneumonia and 4 % of infants required inpatient admission for diarrheal illness. One third of infants (32.8 %) were exclusively breast fed at 6 weeks of age. Exclusive breast feeding at 6 weeks of age significantly reduced the odds of inpatient admission for suspected pneumonia (Odds Ratio (OR) 0.39, 95 % Confidence Interval (CI) 0.20 to 0.75) and diarrheal illness (OR 0.37, 95 % CI 0.15 to 0.88). CONCLUSIONS: Exclusive breast feeding in early infancy reduces the risk of severe illness from diarrhea and suspected pneumonia. Public health programs to reduce the burden of inpatient admission from diarrheal and respiratory illness in rural Vietnam should address barriers to exclusive breast feeding
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