Producción sobre adolescencia/juventud en los posgrados en psicología en Brasil

Por la importancia de los estudios sobre adolescencia/juventud en Psicología, desarrollamosuna investigación cuyo objetivo fue analizar y sistematizar el uso de las categorías adolescenciay juventud en la producción discente de los Posgrados stricto sensu en Psicología, entre los años2006-2011, y las temáticas que se repiten. Esta consistió en un estado del arte sobre esa producción.Este tipo de estudio posibilita la sistematización de un determinado campo de conocimiento apartir de un recorte temporal fijo. Partiendo de una guía de lectura, seleccionamos 483 trabajosque tenían a los adolescentes/jóvenes como sujetos o foco de estudio, y los agrupamos porfrecuencia simple en diecinueve categorías temáticas. Los temas con mayor número de trabajos fueron Violencia y Familia. Observamos una repetición en las investigaciones, lo que además del diálogo, impide o, al menos, dificulta, una mayor profundización teórica en lo relativo a esta temática en Psicología.Palabras clave: estado del arte, adolescencia, juventud, psicología

Antiepileptic drugs’ tolerability and safety – a systematic review and meta-analysis of adverse effects in dogs

<p>Various anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are used for the management of idiopathic epilepsy (IE) in dogs. Their safety profile is an important consideration for regulatory bodies, owners and prescribing clinicians. However, information on their adverse effects still remains limited with most of it derived from non-blinded non-randomized uncontrolled trials and case reports.</p><p><span>This poster won third place, which was presented at the Veterinary Evidence Today conference, Edinburgh November 1-3, 2016. </span></p><br /> <img src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/oa-icon.jpg" alt="Open Access" /

International Veterinary Epilepsy Task Force consensus proposal: Medical treatment of canine epilepsy in Europe

In Europe, the number of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) licensed for dogs has grown considerably over the last years. Nevertheless, the same questions remain, which include, 1) when to start treatment, 2) which drug is best used initially, 3) which adjunctive AED can be advised if treatment with the initial drug is unsatisfactory, and 4) when treatment changes should be considered. In this consensus proposal, an overview is given on the aim of AED treatment, when to start long-term treatment in canine epilepsy and which veterinary AEDs are currently in use for dogs. The consensus proposal for drug treatment protocols, 1) is based on current published evidence-based literature, 2) considers the current legal framework of the cascade regulation for the prescription of veterinary drugs in Europe, and 3) reflects the authors’ experience. With this paper it is aimed to provide a consensus for the management of canine idiopathic epilepsy. Furthermore, for the management of structural epilepsy AEDs are inevitable in addition to treating the underlying cause, if possible

Juventude, violência e ação coletiva

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar e comparar as ações coletivas e as experiências participativas de promoção da saúde dos jovens, para o enfrentamento e resistência à violência, nos distritos administrativos do Grajaú e Jardim Ângela, visando contribuir para o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas direcionadas à juventude local. Estudo de caso que compreendeu a articulação de dados obtidos por meio de entrevistas individuais, formulários semiestruturados, questionários autoaplicáveis com lideranças, profissionais de saúde e da educação, jovens, pais de jovens não estudantes e gestores. Foi realizada a análise de conteúdo com o auxílio do software Sphinx plus Versão 4.0 e comparados os dados entre os dois distritos. Na análise da rede de proteção aos jovens, constatou-se que as intervenções, nos distritos do Grajaú e Jardim Ângela, estão voltadas principalmente para a redução do risco de violência, com foco na educação, cultura, desenvolvimento socioeducativo, esportes e lazer. As políticas públicas e ações coletivas destinadas à juventude são fragmentadas e desarticuladas em ambos os distritos e os jovens não atuam como protagonistas das ações. A rede de proteção aos jovens é difusa em ambos os Distritos, as escolas têm papel preponderante e as entidades têm vocação para a prática assistencial. Verificou-se uma tendência de queda maior da taxa de mortalidade por agressões/homicídios no distrito do Jardim Ângela do que no de Grajaú, a partir de 2003. Apesar da redução registrada nos índices de violência, estes são, ainda, elevados nos dois distritos em relação ao restante do município

Sexualidade e identidade no espaço escolar: notas de uma atividade em um curso de educação a distância

O artigo discute a construção das identidades docentes e discentes no âmbito escolar articulada às questões de gênero e sexualidade. Ele parte da análise de uma experiência de um curso de educação a distância – EaD em que, por meio de uma disciplina específica, buscou-se mapear cenas e ações que foram propostas na escola no sentido de se produzir um debate na área da diversidade. Compreende-se que as identidades constituídas por gêneros, por orientação sexual, por raça/etnia, por classe social, por geração, entre outros marcadores sociais, implicam em diferenças, em distinções vividas por vezes de forma harmônica, e vividas, não raras vezes, de forma conflitiva e/ou violenta. A instabilidade, a incerteza e a transitoriedade atribuídas ao jovem são aspectos que caracterizam também o nosso mundo contemporâneo. Essas novas condições juvenis geram tensões entre os sujeitos envolvidos nas instituições escolares (professoras/es, familiares, e entre as/os próprias/os alunos/as). A análise também permitiu verificar que nas situações de conflitualidade há uma tendência de um culpar o outro revelando: inabilidade dos/das professoras/es, famílias desestruturadas, alunos/as descomprometidos/as, entre outros. Argumenta-se que a temática relacionada à diversidade e especificamente à sexualidade e ao gênero compõe fortemente esse cenário de conflitos, apesar das discussões e avanços na compreensão desses temas existentes na sociedade brasileira como um todo.The article discusses the construction of teachers’ and students’ identities in the school system, articulating it with gender and sexuality issues. It presents an analysis of an experience in a distance education course in which, by means of a specific discipline, it was sought to map scenes and actions that were proposed in the school in order to produce a debate in the area of diversity. Identities consisted of genres, sexual orientation, race/ethnicity, social class, generations, among other social markers, imply differences in living distinctions which are sometimes experienced harmoniously and sometimes in a rather conflicting and/or violent way. The instability, uncertainty and transience attributed to youngsters are also aspects that characterize our contemporary world. These new youth conditions generate tensions between the subjects involved in educational institutions (teachers, families, and among the students themselves). The analysis has also shown that in situations of conflicts there is a tendency to blame each other revealing: the inability of teachers, broken families, uncompromising students, among other factors. It is argued that the themes related to diversity and specifically related to sexuality and gender sharply constitute this scenario of conflicts, despite the discussions and advances in the understanding of these existing topics in the Brazilian society as a whole

Impact of primary kidney disease on the effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease: secondary analyses of the EMPA-KIDNEY trial

Background: The EMPA KIDNEY trial showed that empagliflozin reduced the risk of the primary composite outcome of kidney disease progression or cardiovascular death in patients with chronic kidney disease mainly through slowing progression. We aimed to assess how effects of empagliflozin might differ by primary kidney disease across its broad population. Methods: EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA). Patients were eligible if their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher at screening. They were randomly assigned (1:1) to 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily or matching placebo. Effects on kidney disease progression (defined as a sustained ≥40% eGFR decline from randomisation, end-stage kidney disease, a sustained eGFR below 10 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or death from kidney failure) were assessed using prespecified Cox models, and eGFR slope analyses used shared parameter models. Subgroup comparisons were performed by including relevant interaction terms in models. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. Findings: Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5–2·4). Prespecified subgroupings by primary kidney disease included 2057 (31·1%) participants with diabetic kidney disease, 1669 (25·3%) with glomerular disease, 1445 (21·9%) with hypertensive or renovascular disease, and 1438 (21·8%) with other or unknown causes. Kidney disease progression occurred in 384 (11·6%) of 3304 patients in the empagliflozin group and 504 (15·2%) of 3305 patients in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·71 [95% CI 0·62–0·81]), with no evidence that the relative effect size varied significantly by primary kidney disease (pheterogeneity=0·62). The between-group difference in chronic eGFR slopes (ie, from 2 months to final follow-up) was 1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (95% CI 1·16–1·59), representing a 50% (42–58) reduction in the rate of chronic eGFR decline. This relative effect of empagliflozin on chronic eGFR slope was similar in analyses by different primary kidney diseases, including in explorations by type of glomerular disease and diabetes (p values for heterogeneity all &gt;0·1). Interpretation: In a broad range of patients with chronic kidney disease at risk of progression, including a wide range of non-diabetic causes of chronic kidney disease, empagliflozin reduced risk of kidney disease progression. Relative effect sizes were broadly similar irrespective of the cause of primary kidney disease, suggesting that SGLT2 inhibitors should be part of a standard of care to minimise risk of kidney failure in chronic kidney disease. Funding: Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, and UK Medical Research Council