The effect of energetic electron precipitation on middle mesospheric night-time ozone during and after a moderate geomagnetic storm

Using a ground-based microwave radiometer at Troll Station, Antarctica (72°S, 2.5°E, L = 4.76), we have observed a decrease of 20–70% in the mesospheric ozone, coincident with increased nitric oxide, between 60 km and 75 km altitude associated with energetic electron precipitation (E > 30 keV) during a moderate geomagnetic storm (minimum Dst of −79 nT) in late July 2009. NOAA satellite data were used to identify the precipitating particles and to characterize their energy, spatial distribution and temporal variation over Antarctica during this isolated storm. Both the ozone decrease and nitric oxide increase initiate with the onset of the storm, and persist for several days after the precipitation ends, descending in the downward flow of the polar vortex. These combined data present a unique case study of the temporal and spatial morphology of chemical changes induced by electron precipitation during moderate geomagnetic storms, indicating that these commonplace events can cause significant effects on the middle mesospheric ozone distribution

Atmospheric effects of radiation belt precipitation over Antarctica

第3回極域科学シンポジウム　横断セッション「中層大気・熱圏」 11月26日（月） 国立極地研究所 ２階大会議

Sex-biased miRNA expression in Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) brain and gonads

Paid Open Acces

Preadolescents with immigrant backgrounds: the relationship between emotional problems, parental achievement values, and comparison

Although strong parental achievement values have been associated with positive outcomes among children (e.g., academic success), they have also been connected to emotional problems. The latter effect may be the result of pressure related to such things as parental comparison of filial achievement, which appears to be more predominant among immigrant parents as compared with non-immigrant parents.Our goals were to assess the following: 1) whether higher levels of parental achievement values and comparison are found among immigrant preadolescents; and (2) whether comparison (i.e., comparing a child's achievements with those of siblings and peers) can account for the link between strong parental achievement values and emotional problems among the children of immigrants.The sample included 902 preadolescents between the ages of 10 and 12 years from two Norwegian cities: Oslo (79%) and Bergen (21%). Forty-seven percent of the sample had immigrant parents, and the others had non-immigrant parents. A self-administered questionnaire was completed by fifth, sixth, and seventh graders from fourteen schools during normal school hours; the questionnaires were completed after school by students from Turkey and Sri Lanka. The questionnaire included measures of emotional problems, parental achievement values, comparison, and school hassles. We used a moderated mediation model to test whether the relationship between parental achievement values and emotional problems was accounted for by comparison and to look at whether this mediation was stronger for preadolescents with immigrant backgrounds as compared with their non-immigrant peers. Background and academic factors that could confound the unique relationships among the main variables were adjusted for in the analyses.The association between parental achievement values and emotional problems was found to be mediated by comparison. Higher levels of parental achievement values were associated with more comparison, and this relationship was stronger for preadolescents with immigrant backgrounds. Comparison was only linked to emotional problems in preadolescents with immigrant backgrounds.This study suggests that stronger parental achievement values among immigrants as compared with non-immigrants in Norway are found as early as preadolescence and that comparison may be part of the link between strong parental achievement values and emotional problems

Properties of locally checkable vertex partitioning problems in digraphs

While, for undirected graphs, locally checkable vertex subset and partitioning problems have been studied extensively, the equivalent directed problems have not received nearly as much attention yet. We take a closer look at the relationship between undirected and directed problems considering hardness. We extend some properties that have already been shown for undirected graphs to directed graphs. Furthermore, we explore some of the trivialities in directed problem definitions that do not appear in undirected ones. And finally, we construct and visualize digraph coverings to achieve a deeper understanding of their structure.Masteroppgave i informatikkINF399KMAMN-IN

The Protection of Nature in Norwegian Road Planning: A Case Study of E18 Kragerø - Bamble

An increasing pressure on land areas for housing, infrastructure, and other societal demands places natural diversity under constant stress. This thesis aims to increase our understanding of natural diversity protection in road planning in Norway. By looking into the E18 Kragerø- Bamble road planning project as a case study, the thesis explores how decision-makers take natural diversity into account when making their decisions. The case was investigated by examining the decision-making process, politicians' arguments for development despite harm to natural diversity, and the role of knowledge in politicians’ considerations. The thesis data included case documents and semi-structured interviews with politicians and other central actors in the case. The findings were analysed and assessed using theories on the policy process and the four dimensions of a policy arrangement. The four dimensions are actors, resources, rules of the game and discourses. Additionally, theory on the role of information and how to treat socio-economic aspects was included. The research reveals that established premises, cost limitations and increased focus on reuse influenced the consideration of natural diversity in the planning process of E18 Kragerø- Bamble. As a result, these factors limited the actions of the developers and politicians involved in the project. It was evident that the developer allowed some harm to natural diversity to occur to fulfil their mandate to plan a four-lane road. Politicians, who are the decision-makers, faced a limited scope for action that shaped their priorities. Local interests were identified as the politicians’ priority, and politicians allowed for certain harm to natural diversity to protect these. Simultaneously, it became clear that guidelines and legislation were crucial for nature protection in this case. This became evident by the developer’s reliance on legislation, politicians’ reliance on objecting authorities, and the importance of the impact assessment for decisions. Furthermore, the projected harm to natural diversity decreased throughout the planning process, creating the impression that nature had protection. Still, it became clear that the project lacked a systematic approach to ensure consideration of natural diversity. The research findings suggest that the protection of natural diversity in the E18 Kragerø– Bamble is mainly linked to legislation regarding natural diversity protection, and to the local politicians when the protection of identified natural diversity aligns with local interests. The research does not determine the extent to which natural diversity is protected in the project, further investigation is necessary to clarify this

Consumer Privacy and Product Steering versus Price Discrimination in the Online Market

The following master thesis aims to study consumer privacy, where I focus on price discrimination and steering in the online market. I look closer at whether consumers will benefit from revealing their preferences or not to the seller. The consumer will need to consider the benefits of more accurate recommendations and possible consequences of higher product prices. My topic question is as follows: Will consumers benefit from voluntarily disclosing their information to the seller? I present two models by Hidir and Vellodi (2021) and Ichihashi (2020), to help find answers to the topic question. The models study the price implications of consumers’ privacy and welfare in the online market. Hidir and Vellodi (2021) focus on price discrimination and introduce incentive-compatible market segmentation. To ensure trade over relevant products, Hidir and Vellodi (2021) state that the consumer needs to partially reveal their information with pooling segments wide enough to keep the prices low and narrow enough to get trade with relevant products. Ichihashi (2020), with a focus on steering, studies a multi-product seller either with a commitment or no-commitment pricing regimes. A consumer discloses information to the seller, which learns the consumer’s preferences, sets prices, and makes product recommendations.MasteroppgaveECON391MASV-SØKPROF-SØ