Searching for plasticity in dissociated cortical cultures on multi-electrode arrays

We attempted to induce functional plasticity in dense cultures of cortical cells using stimulation through extracellular electrodes embedded in the culture dish substrate (multi-electrode arrays, or MEAs). We looked for plasticity expressed in changes in spontaneous burst patterns, and in array-wide response patterns to electrical stimuli, following several induction protocols related to those used in the literature, as well as some novel ones. Experiments were performed with spontaneous culture-wide bursting suppressed by either distributed electrical stimulation or by elevated extracellular magnesium concentrations as well as with spontaneous bursting untreated. Changes concomitant with induction were no larger in magnitude than changes that occurred spontaneously, except in one novel protocol in which spontaneous bursts were quieted using distributed electrical stimulation

Using Standardized Student Evaluation Instruments To Measure Teaching Effectiveness In Lecture/Recitation Mode Classes

This paper investigates the variability of student teaching effectiveness survey evaluations among the various recitation sections when lecture/recitation instruction is utilized with the same instructor both delivering the lecture and teaching all of the corresponding recitation sections.  The research results indicate that when an instructor teaches multiple sections using lecture/recitation instruction, then the meaningful measure of the instructor’s teaching is the average of the student ratings for the various recitation sections. This study focuses on the variability of the students’ responses to each item in the survey instrument as measured by its standard deviation

The cost of proactive interference is constant across presentation conditions

Proactive interference (PI) severely constrains how many items people can remember. For example, Endress and Potter (2014a) presented participants with sequences of everyday objects at 250 ms/picture, followed by a yes/no recognition test. They manipulated PI by either using new images on every trial in the unique condition (thus minimizing PI among items), or by re-using images from a limited pool for all trials in the repeated condition (thus maximizing PI among items). In the low-PI unique condition, the probability of remembering an item was essentially independent of the number of memory items, showing no clear memory limitations; more traditional working memory-like memory limitations appeared only in the high-PI repeated condition. Here, we ask whether the effects of PI are modulated by the availability of long-term memory (LTM) and verbal resources. Participants viewed sequences of 21 images, followed by a yes/no recognition test. Items were presented either quickly (250 ms/image) or sufficiently slowly (1500 ms/image) to produce LTM representations, either with or without verbal suppression. Across conditions, participants performed better in the unique than in the repeated condition, and better for slow than for fast presentations. In contrast, verbal suppression impaired performance only with slow presentations. The relative cost of PI was remarkably constant across conditions: relative to the unique condition, performance in the repeated condition was about 15% lower in all conditions. The cost of PI thus seems to be a function of the relative strength or recency of target items and interfering items, but relatively insensitive to other experimental manipulations

Sensory profile of portuguese white wines using long-term memory: a novel nationwide approach

White wine sensory profiling of all 12 Protected Geographical Indications (PGIs) of mainland Portugal was achieved through completion of extended sensory questionnaires by 20 professional wine experts. No samples were assessed; the experiment was based on memory alone. Three macro-zonings were found and typicality differences were statistically validated and sensory described. PGI MINHO was found the most typical of all PGIs, with several extreme rates on Color, Aroma and Taste. SOUTHERN cluster of the four meridional PGIs presented several extreme, therefore typical, sensory assessments, mostly opposite to the profile of PGI Minho. Color tonality, alcohol and acidity were mutually related and respective variations were correlated with published findings and expressed as key factors for regional macro-zoning differentiation. Moreover, with the proposed methodology it was possible to achieve a novel nationwide sensory characterization of PGIs, overcoming ongoing macroscaling and sample representativeness limitations and envisaging new nation-sized sensory studiesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

CHALLENGES OF REFERRAL AND COUNTER-REFERRAL IN HEALTH CARE IN THE WORKERS’ PERSPECTIVE

This study’s objective was to identify the challenges of Primary and Tertiary Healthcare in the health services of a municipality in the South of Brazil. It is a descriptive-exploratory study, with a qualitative approach, undertaken with the multi-professional team. The data were collected between July and August 2014, using semistructured interviews. The results were organized in two thematic categories: Difficulty in articulation in the health services and the solitary work. The lack of communication between the services’ workers, lack of knowledge regarding the services in the network, lack of continuing education, the absence of feedback from the services and the lack of responsibilization of the professionals involved in the care were highlighted, which weakens the processes of referral and counter referral.O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os desafios da Atenção Primária à Saúde e Terciária nos serviços de saúde de um município do sul do Brasil. Estudo descritivo-exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa, realizado com equipe multiprofissional. Os dados foram coletados entre julho e agosto de 2014, utilizando-se a entrevista semiestruturada. Os resultados foram organizados em duas categorias temáticas: Dificuldade de articulação nos serviços de saúde e o trabalho solitário. A falta de comunicação entre os trabalhadores dos serviços, o desconhecimento sobre os serviços da rede, a carência de educação permanente, a ausência de retorno dos serviços e a falta de responsabilização dos profissionais envolvidos no cuidado foram destaque, o que fragiliza os processos de referência e contrarreferência.El objetivo del estudio fue identificar los desafíos de la Atención Primaria a la Salud y Terciaria en los servicios de salud de un municipio del sur de Brasil. Estudio descriptivo exploratorio, de abordaje cualitativo, realizado con equipo multiprofesional. Los datos fueron obtenidos entre julio y agosto de 2014, utilizándose la entrevista semiestructurada. Los resultados fueron organizados en dos categorías temáticas: Dificultad de articulación en los servicios de salud y el trabajo solo. La falta de comunicación entre los trabajadores de los servicios, el desconocimiento acerca de los servicios de la red, la carencia de educación permanente, la ausencia de retorno de los servicios y la falta de responsabilización de los profesionales involucrados en el cuidado fueron destaque, lo que debilita los procesos de referencia y contrarreferencia

Atividade extensionista em serviços de saúde em um município do Rio Grande do Sul

Identificou-se que o desconhecimento dos serviços ofertados em um município dificultava o encaminhamento dos usuários para os serviços de apoio, especialmente no momento da alta hospitalar.  Este estudo tem como objetivo relatar a experiência de uma intervenção junto aos trabalhadores da saúde de um município do Rio Grande do Sul. Foi realizado com trabalhadores da Rede de Atenção à Saúde por uma equipe multiprofissional nos anos de 2014 e 2015. Foram produzidas cartilhas informativas e banner com os principais serviços de saúde do município. Em conclusão, deve-se considerar a continuidade da atividade extensionista com vistas a ampliar o número de serviços de saúde atendidos e contribuir para a comunicação e integração ensino-serviço

Long-Term Activity-Dependent Plasticity of Action Potential Propagation Delay and Amplitude in Cortical Networks

Background: The precise temporal control of neuronal action potentials is essential for regulating many brain functions. From the viewpoint of a neuron, the specific timings of afferent input from the action potentials of its synaptic partners determines whether or not and when that neuron will fire its own action potential. Tuning such input would provide a powerful mechanism to adjust neuron function and in turn, that of the brain. However, axonal plasticity of action potential timing is counter to conventional notions of stable propagation and to the dominant theories of activity-dependent plasticity focusing on synaptic efficacies. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here we show the occurrence of activity-dependent plasticity of action potentia