Goats fed detoxified castor cake in different physiological stages: II. nutritional parameters, hepatic and renal

Evaluated the influence of the substitution of soybean meal (SM) by detoxified castor cake (DCC) on the intake and digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, nitrogen balance and function hepatic and renal of goats fed with diets containing DCC by alkaline solutions in confinement regime during different stages of biological development (growth, pregnancy and lactation). The treatments consisted of three diets, a formulated with corn and soybean meal (SM) and the others were formulated with detoxified castor cake by calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2 DCC) and another composed by detoxified castor by DCC of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). In relation to the biological stages, we observed higher intakes of DM and all the nutrients by goats during lactation, representing up to 4% of body weight. In relation to renal and hepatic parameters showed that there was interaction between the diets and biological stages on the levels of total proteins, direct bilirubin, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transferase. In a general way, the goats fed with both castor cake, regardless of the stage evaluated had higher levels. The detoxified castor cake by alkaline solutions in replacement of soybean meal proved to be a viable alternative in the feeding of goats in the three-stage biological, because it does not affect the functionality of the liver and kidney function and the nitrogen balance, in spite of the diets formulated with detoxified castor by sodium hydroxide decrease the intake of dry matter and nutrients.Evaluated the influence of the substitution of soybean meal (SM) by detoxified castor cake (DCC) on the intake and digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, nitrogen balance and function hepatic and renal of goats fed with diets containing DCC by alkaline solutions in confinement regime during different stages of biological development (growth, pregnancy and lactation). The treatments consisted of three diets, a formulated with corn and soybean meal (SM) and the others were formulated with detoxified castor cake by calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2 DCC] and another composed by detoxified castor by DCC of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). In relation to the biological stages, we observed higher intakes of DM and all the nutrients by goats during lactation, representing up to 4% of body weight. In relation to renal and hepatic parameters showed that there was interaction between the diets and biological stages on the levels of total proteins, direct bilirubin, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transferase. In a general way, the goats fed with both castor cake, regardless of the stage evaluated had higher levels. The detoxified castor cake by alkaline solutions in replacement of soybean meal proved to be a viable alternative in the feeding of goats in the three-stage biological, because it does not affect the functionality of the liver and kidney function and the nitrogen balance, in spite of the diets formulated with detoxified castor by sodium hydroxide decrease the intake of dry matter and nutrients

Research Opportunities in an Intercloud Environment Using MOSt in SLA4CLOUD Project

International audienceActually, Internet services are becoming essential for different types of users. This evolution impacts how data connections , network routes and resources are configured and used. In this context, the way in which distributed applications and services is becoming more difficult to manage. Cloud computing allows interactions between cloud providers and cloud service providers, and cloud providers can offer deployment services in different datacenters located in different world regions. Much development effort is needed for deploying scalable solutions. One of the these challenges is how to design, develop and deploy cloud solutions that could meet the policies and security requirements of multiple environments needs. The SLA4CLOUD project intends to build an environment where a user can request the deployment of its services anywhere in the underlying infrastructure, using the MOSt platform and its services. This work aims to report some opportunities and research challenges resulting from SLA4CLOUD project in the context of MOSt platform, and the promotion of new projects and partnerships

ANÁLISE DA INFLUÊNCIA DA ESCALA NA OBTENÇÃO DOS ATRIBUTOS TOPOGRÁFICOS DERIVADOS DE MDE

O presente trabalho propõe uma análise comparativa entre cinco modelos digitais de elevação (MDE’s), na estrutura de grade regular quadrangular, gerados a partir de bases de dados altimétricos de diferentes escalas e, por consequência, com distintas resoluções de grade. Foram utilizados como parâmetros três atributos topográficos derivados do MDE: elevação, declividade, plano e perfil de curvatura. A comparação de dados pontuais foi realizada através de regressão linear as quais serviram para verificação do relacionamento das variáveis através da representação contínua da superfície topográfica, empregando-se matrizes de confusão (índices de exatidão global e de erros - omissão e inclusão), correspondente as classes representadas na base cartográfica com melhor resolução espacial. Os resultados demonstraram que a redução da resolução espacial do MDE de entrada influencia substancialmente nos valores dos atributos topográficos, os quais tendem a concentrarem próximos de valores médios. Esse comportamento se apresenta na declividade, em vertentes com inclinações mais suavizadas, e no plano e perfil de curvatura em segmentos planares e retilíneos, respectivamente. É possível afirmar que a resolução dos modelos terá influência direta sobre os parâmetros morfométricos derivados, pois os valores de diferenças advêm da mensuração da variação espacial em função da utilização de matrizes de vizinhança. O refinamento da quantidade de informações interfere nos resultados da aplicação de funções polinomiais tornando as representações um desafio. Isto evidencia a necessidade de utilização de dados em escalas adequadas aos trabalhos a serem realizados, pois os MDE’s são importantes ferramentas de análise espacial

Analysis of satellite-derived Arctic tropospheric BrO columns in conjunction with aircraft measurements during ARCTAS and ARCPAC

We derive tropospheric column BrO during the ARCTAS and ARCPAC field campaigns in spring 2008 using retrievals of total column BrO from the satellite UV nadir sensors OMI and GOME-2 using a radiative transfer model and stratospheric column BrO from a photochemical simulation. We conduct a comprehensive comparison of satellite-derived tropospheric BrO column to aircraft in-situ observations of BrO and related species. The aircraft profiles reveal that tropospheric BrO, when present during April 2008, was distributed over a broad range of altitudes rather than being confined to the planetary boundary layer (PBL). Perturbations to the total column resulting from tropospheric BrO are the same magnitude as perturbations due to longitudinal variations in the stratospheric component, so proper accounting of the stratospheric signal is essential for accurate determination of satellite-derived tropospheric BrO. We find reasonably good agreement between satellite-derived tropospheric BrO and columns found using aircraft in-situ BrO profiles, particularly when satellite radiances were obtained over bright surfaces (albedo \u3e0.7), for solar zenith angl

Atmospheric emissions from the deepwater Horizon spill constrain air-water partitioning, hydrocarbon fate, and leak rate

The fate of deepwater releases of gas and oil mixtures is initially determined by solubility and volatility of individual hydrocarbon species; these attributes determine partitioning between air and water. Quantifying this partitioning is necessary to constrain simulations of gas and oil transport, to predict marine bioavailability of different fractions of the gas-oil mixture, and to develop a comprehensive picture of the fate of leaked hydrocarbons in the marine environment. Analysis of airborne atmospheric data shows massive amounts (∼258,000 kg/day) of hydrocarbons evaporating promptly from the Deepwater Horizon spill; these data collected during two research flights constrain air-water partitioning, thus bioavailability and fate, of the leaked fluid. This analysis quantifies the fraction of surfacing hydrocarbons that dissolves in the water column (∼33% by mass), the fraction that does not dissolve, and the fraction that evaporates promptly after surfacing (∼14% by mass). We do not quantify the leaked fraction lacking a surface expression; therefore, calculation of atmospheric mass fluxes provides a lower limit to the total hydrocarbon leak rate of 32,600 to 47,700 barrels of fluid per day, depending on reservoir fluid composition information. This study demonstrates a new approach for rapid-response airborne assessment of future oil spills. Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union

In vitro biological testing in the development of new devices

The culture of cells in a three-dimensional (3D) scaffold has been reported as a key issue influencing the newly formed tissue organization, either in vitro or in vivo. Scaffolds can present different material chemistry, geometry, structure, physical properties and degradation, as it has been explored in several chapters of this book. Herein, we intend to give the reader an overview of the most used tests for evaluation of cells cytotoxicity and their response to natural materials in vitro.(undefined)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Engineered swift equilibration of a Brownian particle

A fundamental and intrinsic property of any device or natural system is its relaxation time relax, which is the time it takes to return to equilibrium after the sudden change of a control parameter [1]. Reducing $tau$ relax , is frequently necessary, and is often obtained by a complex feedback process. To overcome the limitations of such an approach, alternative methods based on driving have been recently demonstrated [2, 3], for isolated quantum and classical systems [4--9]. Their extension to open systems in contact with a thermostat is a stumbling block for applications. Here, we design a protocol,named Engineered Swift Equilibration (ESE), that shortcuts time-consuming relaxations, and we apply it to a Brownian particle trapped in an optical potential whose properties can be controlled in time. We implement the process experimentally, showing that it allows the system to reach equilibrium times faster than the natural equilibration rate. We also estimate the increase of the dissipated energy needed to get such a time reduction. The method paves the way for applications in micro and nano devices, where the reduction of operation time represents as substantial a challenge as miniaturization [10]. The concepts of equilibrium and of transformations from an equilibrium state to another, are cornerstones of thermodynamics. A textbook illustration is provided by the expansion of a gas, starting at equilibrium and expanding to reach a new equilibrium in a larger vessel. This operation can be performed either very slowly by a piston, without dissipating energy into the environment, or alternatively quickly, letting the piston freely move to reach the new volume

A new interpretation of total column BrO during Arctic spring

Emission of bromine from sea-salt aerosol, frost flowers, ice leads, and snow results in the nearly complete removal of surface ozone during Arctic spring. Regions of enhanced total column BrO observed by satellites have traditionally been associated with these emissions. However, airborne measurements of BrO and O3 within the convective boundary layer (CBL) during the ARCTAS and ARCPAC field campaigns at times bear little relation to enhanced column BrO. We show that the locations of numerous satellite BrO "hotspots" during Arctic spring are consistent with observations of total column ozone and tropopause height, suggesting a stratospheric origin to these regions of elevated BrO. Tropospheric enhancements of BrO large enough to affect the column abundance are also observed, with important contributions originating from above the CBL. Closure of the budget for total column BrO, albeit with significant uncertainty, is achieved by summing observed tropospheric partial columns with calculated stratospheric partial columns provided that natural, short-lived biogenic bromocarbons supply between 5 and 10 ppt of bromine to the Arctic lowermost stratosphere. Proper understanding of bromine and its effects on atmospheric composition requires accurate treatment of geographic variations in column BrO originating from both the stratosphere and troposphere. Copyright 2010 by the American Geophysical Union

Meaningful time for professional growth or a waste of time? A study in five countries on teachers’ experiences within master’s dissertation/thesis work

The relationship between master’s thesis work and teachers’ professional development has rarely been explored empirically, yet. Drawing upon a larger study, this paper investigates how teachers who were studying for or who have recently graduated from Master of Education programmes offered in five countries – Poland, Portugal, England, Latvia, Romania – perceive the usefulness of dissertation/thesis work for their professional development and how they attempt to use their MA research results in their (future) teaching practice. Results suggest that although most respondents recognized their MA dissertation/thesis work as having a positive impact on their professional development by enhancing their professionalism, personal development and growth, and understanding the relationship between research and practice, they were less confident about the use of MA research findings in their (future) workplaces. These results are discussed in the context of current challenges regarding master’s level education for teachers, national governments’ educational policies, and the relationship between research, teachers’ practices and professional development

LIDERANÇA: O DESAFIO DAS ENFERMEIRAS RECÉM-FORMADAS

Objective: To identify the challenges faced by the new graduate nurses in leading a group. Methodology: bibliographical research carried out at the BVS. Categories: Leadership styles; Leadership and the importance of the communication; and Leadership and the academic formation of the nurse. Analysis: to exert an efficient leadership style it is necessary to know and to conciliate the maturity level of the led people. Beyond the leadership capacity, the leader must develop communication competencies. When leaving the university, the new nurses don't have a clear definition of their roles, therefore we understand that some changes may be necessary in the formation professionals in order to turn them into leaders. We conclude that the success of a leader depends on the establishment of a relation of trust and respect, and we believe that the leadership is a group process, where influences happen with the purpose to reach a goal, and therefore it is linked to an action meaning, which can be learned. Descriptors: Leadership; Nursing; Organization and Administration.Objetivo: Identificar os desafios das enfermeiras recém-formadas ao liderarem um grupo. Metodologia: pesquisa bibliográfica, realizada na biblioteca virtual de saúde (BVS), utilizando as seguintes bases de dados: BDENF, LILACS e SciELO. Categorias: Estilos de liderança; Liderança e a importância da comunicação; e Liderança e a formação acadêmica do enfermeiro. Análise: para exercer um estilo de liderança eficaz é necessário conhecer e conciliar o nível de maturidade dos liderados. Além da capacidade de liderar, o líder deve desenvolver competências comunicativas. Ao sair da universidade, as recém-enfermeiras não possuem clara definição de seu papel, com isso, compreendemos que haja a necessidade de mudanças na formação profissional para ser uma líder. Concluímos que o sucesso do líder depende do estabelecimento de uma relação de confiança e respeito e que a liderança é um processo grupal, onde ocorrem influências com a finalidade de alcançar uma meta, portanto, está ligado a um sentido de ação, passível de ser aprendido. Descritores: Liderança; Enfermagem; Organização e Administração