413 research outputs found
Quantum Distillation Of Position Entanglement With The Polarization Degrees Of Freedom
Sources of entangled photon pairs using two parametric down-converters are
capable of generating interchangeable entanglement in two different degrees of
freedom. The connection between these two degrees of freedom allows the control
of the entanglement properties of one, by acting on the other degree of
freedom. We demonstrate experimentally, the quantum distillation of the
position entanglement using polarization analyzers.Comment: Submitted for publication in Optics Communication
Anisotropic scattering and quantum magnetoresistivities of a periodically modulated 2D electron gas
We calculate the longitudinal conductivities of a two-dimensional
noninteracting electron gas in a uniform magnetic field and a lateral electric
or magnetic periodic modulation in one spatial direction, in the quantum
regime. We consider the effects of the electron-impurity scattering anisotropy
through the vertex corrections on the Kubo formula, which are calculated with
the Bethe-Salpeter equation, in the self-consistent Born approximation. We find
that due to the scattering anisotropy the band conductivity increases, and the
scattering conductivities decrease and become anisotropic. Our results are in
qualitative agreement with recent experiments.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figures, Revtex, to appear in Phys. Rev.
Coupled/decoupled spray simulation comparison of the ECN spray a condition with the Sigma-Y Eulerian atomization model
This work evaluates the performance of the Σ-Y Eulerian atomization
model at reproducing the internal structure of a diesel spray in the near-
field. In the study, three different computational domains have been used in
order to perform 3D and 2D coupled simulations, where the internal nozzle
flow and external spray are modeled in one continuous domain, and 2D decoupled
simulations, where only the external spray is modeled. While the 3D
simulation did the best job of capturing the dense zone of the spray, the 2D
simulations also performed well, with the coupled 2D simulation slightly outperforming
the decoupled simulation. The similarity in results between the
coupled and the decoupled simulation show that internal and external flow
calculations can be performed independently. In addition, the use of spatially
averaged nozzle outlet conditions, in the case of an axisymmetric (single-hole)
convergent nozzle, leads to a slightly worse near-field spray predictions but
to an accurate far-field ones. Finally, a novel constraint on turbulent driven
mixing multiphase flows is introduced which prevents the slip velocity from
exceeding the magnitude of the turbulent fluctuations through a realizable
Schmidt number. This constraint increased model stability, allowing for a 4x
increase in Courant number.Authors acknowledge that part of this work was possible thanks to the Programa de Ayudas de Investigacion y Desarrollo (PAID-2013 3198) of the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia. Also this study was partially funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness in the frame of the COMEFF(TRA2014-59483-R) project.Desantes Fernández, JM.; GarcÃa Oliver, JM.; Pastor EnguÃdanos, JM.; Pandal-Blanco, A.; Baldwin, E.; Schmidt, DP. (2016). Coupled/decoupled spray simulation comparison of the ECN spray a condition with the Sigma-Y Eulerian atomization model. International Journal of Multiphase Flow. 80:89-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2015.12.002S89998
The 4 Ms Chandra Deep Field-South number counts apportioned by source class : pervasive active galactic nuclei and the ascent of normal galaxies
We present 0.5-2 keV, 2-8 keV, 4-8 keV, and 0.5-8 keV (hereafter soft, hard, ultra-hard, and full bands, respectively) cumulative and differential number-count (log N-log S) measurements for the recently completed ≈4 Ms Chandra Deep Field-South (CDF-S) survey, the deepest X-ray survey to date. We implement a new Bayesian approach, which allows reliable calculation of number counts down to flux limits that are factors of ≈1.9-4.3 times fainter than the previously deepest number-count investigations. In the soft band (SB), the most sensitive bandpass in our analysis, the ≈4 Ms CDF-S reaches a maximum source density of ≈27,800 deg-2. By virtue of the exquisite X-ray and multiwavelength data available in the CDF-S, we are able to measure the number counts from a variety of source populations (active galactic nuclei (AGNs), normal galaxies, and Galactic stars) and subpopulations (as a function of redshift, AGN absorption, luminosity, and galaxy morphology) and test models that describe their evolution. We find that AGNs still dominate the X-ray number counts down to the faintest flux levels for all bands and reach a limiting SB source density of ≈14,900 deg-2, the highest reliable AGN source density measured at any wavelength. We find that the normal-galaxy counts rise rapidly near the flux limits and, at the limiting SB flux, reach source densities of ≈12,700 deg-2 and make up 46% ± 5% of the total number counts. The rapid rise of the galaxy counts toward faint fluxes, as well as significant normal-galaxy contributions to the overall number counts, indicates that normal galaxies will overtake AGNs just below the ≈4 Ms SB flux limit and will provide a numerically significant new X-ray source population in future surveys that reach below the ≈4 Ms sensitivity limit. We show that a future ≈10 Ms CDF-S would allow for a significant increase in X-ray-detected sources, with many of the new sources being cosmologically distant (z >~ 0.6) normal galaxies
Superconducting properties of RuSr2GdCu2O8 studied by SQUID magnetometry
For polycrystalline RuSr2GdCu2O8 (Ru-1212), distinct peaks have been reported
in d.c. magnetization in the superconducting state of the sample. Sr2GdRuO6
(Sr-2116), the precursor for the preparation of Ru-1212, shows similar peaks in
the same temperature regime. Based on measurements performed on both bulk and
powdered samples of Ru-1212 and Sr-2116, we exclude the possibility, that the
observed behavior of the magnetization of Ru-1212 is due to Sr-2116 impurities.
The effect is related to the superconductivity of Ru-1212, but it is not an
intrinsic property of this compound. We provide evidence that the observation
of magnetization peaks in the superconducting state of Ru-1212 is due to flux
motion generated by the movement of the sample in an inhomogeneous field,
during the measurement in the SQUID magnetometer. We propose several tests,
that help to decide, whether the features observed in a SQUID magnetization
measurement of Ru-1212 represent a property of the compound or not.Comment: 22 pages, 9 figure
Black Hole Growth Is Mainly Linked to Host-galaxy Stellar Mass Rather Than Star Formation Rate
We investigate the dependence of black-hole accretion rate (BHAR) on host-galaxy star formation rate (SFR) and stellar mass (M∗) in the CANDELS/GOODS-South field in the redshift range of 0.5≤z<2.0. Our sample consists of ≈18000 galaxies, allowing us to probe galaxies with 0.1≲SFR≲100 M⊙ yr−1 and/or 108≲M∗≲1011 M⊙. We use sample-mean BHAR to approximate long-term average BHAR. Our sample-mean BHARs are derived from the Chandra Deep Field-South 7 Ms observations, while the SFRs and M∗ have been estimated by the CANDELS team through SED fitting. The average BHAR is correlated positively with both SFR and M∗, and the BHAR-SFR and BHAR-M∗ relations can both be described acceptably by linear models with a slope of unity. However, BHAR appears to be correlated more strongly with M∗ than SFR. This result indicates that M∗ is the primary host-galaxy property related to black-hole growth, and the apparent BHAR-SFR relation is largely a secondary effect due to the star-forming main sequence. Among our sources, massive galaxies (M∗≳1010M⊙) have significantly higher BHAR/SFR ratios than less-massive galaxies, indicating the former have higher black-hole fueling efficiency and/or higher SMBH occupation fraction than the latter. Our results can naturally explain the observed proportionality between MBH and M∗ for local giant ellipticals, and suggest their MBH/M∗ is higher than that of local star-forming galaxies. Among local star-forming galaxies, massive systems might have higher MBH/M∗ compared to dwarfs
GLMMLasso: An Algorithm for High-Dimensional Generalized Linear Mixed Models Using L1-Penalization
We propose an L1-penalized algorithm for fitting high-dimensional generalized
linear mixed models. Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) can be viewed as
an extension of generalized linear models for clustered observations. This
Lasso-type approach for GLMMs should be mainly used as variable screening
method to reduce the number of variables below the sample size. We then suggest
a refitting by maximum likelihood based on the selected variables only. This is
an effective correction to overcome problems stemming from the variable
screening procedure which are more severe with GLMMs. We illustrate the
performance of our algorithm on simulated as well as on real data examples.
Supplemental materials are available online and the algorithm is implemented in
the R package glmmixedlasso
Effects of the field modulation on the Hofstadter's spectrum
We study the effect of spatially modulated magnetic fields on the energy
spectrum of a two-dimensional (2D) Bloch electron. Taking into account four
kinds of modulated fields and using the method of direct diagonalization of the
Hamiltonian matrix, we calculate energy spectra with varying system parameters
(i.e., the kind of the modulation, the relative strength of the modulated field
to the uniform background field, and the period of the modulation) to elucidate
that the energy band structure sensitively depends on such parameters:
Inclusion of spatially modulated fields into a uniform field leads occurrence
of gap opening, gap closing, band crossing, and band broadening, resulting
distinctive energy band structure from the Hofstadter's spectrum. We also
discuss the effect of the field modulation on the symmetries appeared in the
Hofstadter's spectrum in detail.Comment: 7 pages (in two-column), 10 figures (including 2 tables
Weak Localization and Integer Quantum Hall Effect in a Periodic Potential
We consider magnetotransport in a disordered two-dimensional electron gas in
the presence of a periodic modulation in one direction. Existing quasiclassical
and quantum approaches to this problem account for Weiss oscillations in the
resistivity tensor at moderate magnetic fields, as well as a strong
modulation-induced modification of the Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations at higher
magnetic fields. They do not account, however, for the operation at even higher
magnetic fields of the integer quantum Hall effect, for which quantum
interference processes are responsible. We then introduce a field-theory
approach, based on a nonlinear sigma model, which encompasses naturally both
the quasiclassical and quantum-mechanical approaches, as well as providing a
consistent means of extending them to include quantum interference corrections.
A perturbative renormalization-group analysis of the field theory shows how
weak localization corrections to the conductivity tensor may be described by a
modification of the usual one-parameter scaling, such as to accommodate the
anisotropy of the bare conductivity tensor. We also show how the two-parameter
scaling, conjectured as a model for the quantum Hall effect in unmodulated
systems, may be generalized similarly for the modulated system. Within this
model we illustrate the operation of the quantum Hall effect in modulated
systems for parameters that are realistic for current experiments.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, ReVTeX; revised version with condensed
introduction; two figures taken out; reference adde
X-Ray Spectral Constraints for z ≈ 2 Massive Galaxies: The Identification of Reflection-dominated Active Galactic Nuclei
We use the 4 Ms Chandra Deep Field-South (CDF-S) survey to place direct constraints on the ubiquity of z 2 heavily obscured active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in K 10 keV observatories. On the basis of these analyses, we estimate the space density for typical (intrinsic X-ray luminosities of L 2-10 keV 1043 erg s–1) heavily obscured and Compton-thick AGNs at z 2. Our space-density constraints are conservative lower limits but they are already consistent with the range of predictions from X-ray background models
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