Three-dimensional pore-scale modelling of dentinal infiltration

International audienc

Using X-ray computed tomography for quantification of cell proliferation within a perfusion bioreactor

International audienc

Attitude of community pharmacists toward patients with a substance-related disorder (heroin, alcohol and tobacco), estimation of harmfulness and knowledge of these substances, and continuing education: A pilot cross-sectional study

International audienceObjectives: To investigate attitude of community pharmacists toward patients with a substance-related disorder (heroin, alcohol and tobacco).Material and methods: The attitudes were assessed thanks to the Attitude to Mental Illness Questionnaire (AMIQ) for heroin, alcohol and tobacco-related disorders in three independent groups of pharmacists. Estimation of substance-related harmfulness, knowledge of substance-related disorders and activities/needs for continuing education on substance-related disorders were also recorded.Results: Thirty-five pharmacists were included (heroin: 11, alcohol: 10 and tobacco: 14). AMIQ scores for heroin-related disorder were negative and lower than for alcohol (P<0.01) and tobacco (P<0.001). AMIQ scores for alcohol-related disorder were lower than for tobacco (P<0.05). The estimation of heroin-related harmfulness was higher than for alcohol and tobacco (P<0.001). The estimations of knowledge of substance-related disorders were lower for opioid and alcohol than for tobacco (P<0.001). AMIQ scores and the needs for continuing education on each associated addiction showed a positive relation (P<0.01).Conclusion: Pharmacists had a negative attitude toward heroin and alcohol-related disorders. A positive attitude toward patients with a substance-related disorder was associated with a need for continuing education. Efforts should be made to change attitudes and to promote continuing education on heroin and alcohol-related disorders

Benzodiazepine dependence: Focus on withdrawal syndrome

Benzodiazepines are potentially addictive drugs: psychological and physical dependence can develop within a few weeks or years of regular or repeated use. The socioeconomic costs of the present high level of long-term benzodiazepine use are considerable. These consequences could be minimised if prescriptions for long-term benzodiazepines were decreased. However, many physicians continue to prescribe benzodiazepines and patients wishing to withdraw receive little advice or support. Particular care should be taken in prescribing benzodiazepines for vulnerable patients such as elderly persons, pregnant women, children, alcohol- or drug-dependent patients and patients with comorbid psychiatric disorders. The following update gives recent research results on the withdrawal pathophysiology and practical information in order to treat or prevent benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome.N. Authier, D. Balayssac, M. Sautereau, A. Zangarelli, P. Courty, A.A. Somogyi, B. Vennat, P.-M. Llorca and A. Eschalie

Transition-metal versus heavy-metal synergy in selective catalytic oxidations

Simultaneous framework incorporation of heavy metal ions such as Ru(III) and Sn(IV) into aluminophosphate architectures generates novel bimetallic active sites, which facilitate synergistic interactions, affording high degrees of selectivity and activity in the catalytic oxidations, compared to analogous bimetallic systems, where transition-metals such as Co(III) and Ti(IV) have been similarly incorporated