Northern-Most North American Flower Visitation Records of the Introduced Flower Fly, \u3ci\u3eSyritta Flaviventris\u3c/i\u3e (Diptera: Syrphidae) and Comparisons With Sympatric Species, \u3ci\u3eSyritta Pipiens\u3c/i\u3e

We report for the first time the syrphid fly, Syritta flaviventris (Macquart), collected in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, as the northern-most record for this introduced Mediterranean species. In total, 3 male specimens and 1 female specimen were net collected on three flower species (Verbena hastata, Eryngium yuccifolium and Asclepias incarnata), at a single site of 11 monitored farm sites in southern Pennsylvania. Floral records for the similar introduced sibling species, Syritta pipiens (L.), are presented as well. Passive monitoring with colored pan traps used to monitor bee populations at these sites was not effective in collecting either species of Syritta. Our study suggests that increased active net sampling of Syritta species may provide more information about this genus\u27 distribution in the New World and support future research efforts examining Syritta biology and life history

No Money, Mo' Problems: The Role of the Remix in Restructuring Compensation for Producers of Electronic Dance Music

Based on fieldwork conducted between March and November 2011, this article argues that the popularity of remixing has led to a restructuring of compensation for producers of remixes within the context of electronic dance music (EDM). This article presents the different ways producers of EDM are currently compensated for their remixes, and how this compensation differs from the payment and intellectual property protections given for the composition of original songs. This article concludes by discussing how these producers are beginning to negotiate deals with labels and artists that will result in greater financial security and better protection of remixers' intellectual property rights.En se basant sur un travail de terrain effectué entre mars et novembre 2011, cet article a pour argument que la popularité du remix a conduit à la restructuration des revenus de ceux qui en produisent dans le contexte de l'electronic dance music, ou techno. Cet article présente les différents moyens par lesquels les producteurs de techno perçoivent des revenus pour leurs remix, et la façon dont ces indemnisations diffèrent des redevances et des protections de propriété intellectuelle obtenues pour la composition de chansons originales. Cet article se conclut par une discussion de la façon dont ces producteurs commencent à négocier des contrats avec les maisons de disques et les artistes afin de s'assurer une plus grande sécurité financière et une meilleure protection de leurs droits de propriété intellectuelle

Trade-offs between personal immunity and reproduction in the burying beetle, N. vespilloides

We know that parental investment and immune investment are costly processes, but it is unclear which trait will be prioritised when both may be required. Here we address this question using the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides, carrion breeders that exhibit biparental care of young. Our results show that immunosuppression occurs during provision of parental care. We measured Phenoloxidase (PO) on Day 1-8 of the breeding bout and results show a clear decrease in PO immediately from presentation of the breeding resource onwards. Having established baseline immune investment during breeding we then manipulated immune investment at different times by applying a wounding challenge. Beetles were wounded prior to and during the parental care period and reproductive investment quantified. Different effects on reproductive output occur depending on the timing of wounding. Challenging the immune system with wounding prior to breeding does not affect reproductive output and subsequent Lifetime Reproductive Success (LRS). LRS is also unaffected by applying an immune elicitor prior to breeding, though different arms of the immune system are up/downregulated, perhaps indicating a trade-off between cellular and humoral immunity. In contrast, wounding during breeding reduces reproductive output and to the greatest extent if the challenge is applied early in the breeding bout. Despite being immunosuppressed, breeding beetles can still respond to wounding by increasing PO, albeit not to pre-breeding levels. This upregulation of PO during breeding may affect parental investment, resulting in a reduction in reproductive output. The potential role of juvenile hormone in controlling this trade-off is discussed

Shuffle on array languages generated by array grammars

Motivated by the studies done by G. Siromoney et al. (1973) and Alexan- dru Mateescu et al. (1998) we examine the language theoretic results related to shuf- fle on trajectories by making use of Siromoney array grammars such as (R : R)AG, (R : C F )AG, (C F : R)AG, (C F : C F )AG, (C S : R)AG, (C S : C S)AG and (C F : C S)AG which are more powerful than the Siromoney matrix grammars (1972) and are used to make digital pictures

Unfolding dynamics of proteins under applied force

Understanding the mechanisms of protein folding is a major challenge that is being addressed effectively by collaboration between researchers in the physical and life sciences. Recently, it has become possible to mechanically unfold proteins by pulling on their two termini using local force probes such as the atomic force microscope. Here, we present data from experiments in which synthetic protein polymers designed to mimic naturally occurring polyproteins have been mechanically unfolded. For many years protein folding dynamics have been studied using chemical denaturation, and we therefore firstly discuss our mechanical unfolding data in the context of such experiments and show that the two unfolding mechanisms are not the same, at least for the proteins studied here. We also report unexpected observations that indicate a history effect in the observed unfolding forces of polymeric proteins and explain this in terms of the changing number of domains remaining to unfold and the increasing compliance of the lengthening unstructured polypeptide chain produced each time a domain unfolds

Designing a Home Health Provisioning System

A Home Health Provisioning System (HHPS) is not widely prevalent in India as in the developed countries like US. HHPS allows patients’ emergency services and routine primary healthcare services without them actually visiting the hospitals. Itcan be a boon to the aged people and to the handicaps who are facing with the difficulty of transportation. This paper presents an HHPS designed for the Indian customers. This system will contribute to the overall health of the patients by providing more personalized care. The practicing physicians in HHPS will establish a more solid physician-patient relationship by having a provision for longer appointments and round the clock access to doctors. The consultation can be either by video conferencing or the patient can send a detailed health description using web page tabs. The doctor then performs the diagnosis and sends the report to the patient, with necessary medical advices