Erratum to: 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6.]

Biochemical analysis of leukocytes after in vitro and in vivo activation with bacterial and fungal pathogens using raman spectroscopy

Biochemical information from activated leukocytes provide valuable diagnostic infor-mation. In this study, Raman spectroscopy was applied as a label-free analytical technique to characterize the activation pattern of leukocyte subpopulations in an in vitro infection model. Neutro-phils, monocytes, and lymphocytes were isolated from healthy volunteers and stimulated with heat-inactivated clinical isolates of Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Binary classification models could identify the presence of infection for monocytes and lympho-cytes, classify the type of infection as bacterial or fungal for neutrophils, monocytes, and lympho-cytes and distinguish the cause of infection as Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacteria in the mon-ocyte subpopulation. Changes in single-cell Raman spectra, upon leukocyte stimulation, can be ex-plained with biochemical changes due to the leukocyte’s specific reaction to each type of pathogen. Raman spectra of leukocytes from the in vitro infection model were compared with spectra from leukocytes of patients with infection (DRKS-ID: DRKS00006265) with the same pathogen groups, and a good agreement was revealed. Our study elucidates the potential of Raman spectroscopy-based single-cell analysis for the differentiation of circulating leukocyte subtypes and identification of the infection by probing the molecular phenotype of those cells. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

ESICM LIVES 2016: part two : Milan, Italy. 1-5 October 2016.

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