Broad-band sources of single-photon pulses, based on spontaneous parametric scattering in nonlinear impurity crystals

This paper discusses the possibilities of using spontaneous parametric scattering (SPS) in impurity crystals with a periodic domain structure for the efficient generation of narrow-band single-photon pulses. Using a periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate crystal doped with trivalent erbium ions as an example, it is shown that, in the case of a nonlinear crystal with a periodic domain structure, allowing the generation of photons on the opposite sides, the width of the SPS spectrum can be less than the free spectral zone of a single-cavity parametric generator based on this crystal. Such an SPS regime can be useful when creating narrow-band sources of single-photon states that can be recorded and reproduced in optical quantum-memory devices, as well as for combining SPS processes and quantum memory in a single medium-a nonlinear impurity crystal. © 2014 Optical Society of America

Simulating single-photon sources based on backward-wave spontaneous parametric down-conversion in a periodically poled KTP waveguide

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. The properties of the backward-wave spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) in a periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) waveguide are studied in the context of creating narrowband heralded sources of single-photon states. The effective index of refraction and spatial profile of different waveguide modes, efficiency of different SPDC processes and purity of heralded photons are calculated numerically for a given waveguide. Compared to the usual co-propagating SPDC, spectral narrowing of the backward- wave SPDC was observed as should be expected

EPR and optical spectroscopy of Yb3+ ions in CaF2 and SrF2

Yb3+ paramagnetic center of trigonal symmetry in CaF2 and SrF2 and SrF2 single crystals was studied using electron paramagnetic resonance and optical spectroscopy. Stark level energies of the Yb3+ multiplets were established from absorption, luminescence and excitation luminescence spectra and crystal field parameters were calculated. It was found that the obtained crystal field parameters decreased as the lattice constant increased

Content of Asbestos Fiber in the Water Near the Bazhenov Deposit

Работа посвящена изучению проблемы наличия асбестовых волокон в источниках воды рядом с Баженовским месторождением. Представлен анализ проб воды из различных источников. Указаны респирабельные и нереспирабельные частицы асбеста. Особое внимание уделено составу проб из водоотливов шахт вблизи карьера, реки Пещерка, водопроводной воды г. Асбеста, снега около фабрики обогащения асбеста. Дополнительно было проведено изучение водопроводной воды г. Екатеринбурга и дистиллированной воды. Предложено решение проблемы содержания асбеста в воде.The work is devoted to the study of the problem of the presence of asbestos fibers in water sources near the Bazhenov deposit. The analysis of water samples from various sources is presented. Respirable and non-respirable asbestos particles are indicated. Special attention is paid to the composition of samples from mine drains near the quarry, the Cave River, the Tap water of the city of Asbestos, snow near the asbestos enrichment factory. The problem of ash and slag dumps is noted. Additionally, the study of the tap water of Yekaterinburg and destilated water was carried out. A solution to the problem of asbestos content in water is proposed

ВИЧ-инфекция среди детского населения Республики Башкортостан

The aim of the study: to assess the incidence, prevalence, structure by sex and transmission routes of HIV infection among the child population of the Republic of Bashkortostan.A study of data on HIV infection among children 0—17 years in the republic for 2014—2018 was conducted.Results: the average incidence of HIV infection for 2014—2018 in the age group 0—14 years was 3.4 ± 0.4, 15—17 years — 8.7 ± 1.1, 0—17 years — 4.1 ± 0.4 per 100,000 child population of the corresponding age, the average prevalence of HIV infection at the age of 0—14 years — 26.6 ± 1.1, 15—17 years — 17.2 ± 3.1, 0—17 years — 25.2 ± 1.3 per 100,000 child population of the corresponding age. In 2018 compared to 2014 the incidence of HIV infection in the age group 0—14 years increased by 35.3%, 15—17 years — by 45.0%, 0—17 years — by 36.8%, the prevalence — in the age group 0—14 years increased by 27.4%, 15—17 years — 2.6 times, 0—17 years — by 38.3%. In 96.8% of HIV infections in children aged 0—14 years occurred as a result of perinatal transmission of the virus. Among children 0—14 years of age, 55.8% of cases were diagnosed with HIV infection at the age of 0—1 years. In 29.4% of children 0—14 years with perinatal transmission of HIV infection, the disease was detected at the age of 2 years and older. At the age of 15—17 years, sexual transmission of HIV infection prevailed — 90.9%, female adolescents accounted for 78.2%. In 21.8% of cases, HIV infection was detected in adolescents of the female sex during pregnancy follow-up, in 9.1% in the examination in connection with the consumption of drugs.Цель исследования: оценка показателей заболеваемости, пораженности, структуры по полу и путям передачи ВИЧ-инфекции среди детского населения Республики Башкортостан.Проведено исследование данных о ВИЧ-инфекции среди детей в возрасте 0—17 лет по республике за 2014—2018 гг.Результаты: средний уровень заболеваемости ВИЧ-инфекцией за 2014—2018 гг. в возрастной группе 0—14 лет составил 3,4 ± 0,4, 15—17 лет — 8,7 ± 1,1, 0—17 лет — 4,1 ± 0,4 на 100 тыс. детей соответствующего возраста, средний уровень пораженности ВИЧ-инфекцией в возрасте 0—14 лет — 26,6 ± 1,1, 15—17 лет — 17,2 ± 3,1, 0—17 лет — 25,2 ± 1,3 на 100 тыс. детей соответствующего возраста. В 2018 г. по сравнению с 2014 г. заболеваемость ВИЧ-инфекцией в возрастной группе 0— 14 лет выросла на 35,3%, 15—17 лет — на 45,0%, 0—17 лет — на 36,8%, пораженность — в возрастной группе 0—14 лет выросла на 27,4%, 15—17 лет — в 2,6 раза, 0—17 лет — на 38,3%. В 96,8% случаев ВИЧ-инфицирование детей в возрасте 0— 14 лет произошло в результате перинатальной передачи вируса. Среди детей 0—14 лет в 55,8% случаев диагноз ВИЧ-инфекции был установлен в возрасте 0—1 год. У 29,4% детей 0—14 лет с перинатальной передачей ВИЧ-инфекции, заболевание было выявлено в возрасте 2 года и старше. В возрасте 15—17 лет преобладал половой путь передачи ВИЧ-инфекции — 90,9%, подростки женского пола составляли 78,2%. В 21,8% случаев ВИЧ-инфекция была выявлена у подростков женского пола при наблюдении по поводу беременности, в 9,1% при обследовании в связи с потреблением наркотических средств

Modeling and characterization of texture evolution in twist extrusion

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The Value of Legal Terminology for the Romano-German Legal System Countries

The problems of terminology are relevant for any aspect of human life. In the field of lawmaking, the significance of this problem corresponds to the significance of laws in society. Thus, the primary aim of the article is to investigate the place of legal terminology in the countries of the continental system of law. To accomplish end, this survey attempts to substantiate that legal terminology in this legal system is of significant importance for the formation and application of legislation. To do so, a comparison is made with the construction of the legal system in the countries of the Anglo-Saxon legal system. Based on the result, Russian law is classified as a continental legal family. At the same time, based on an analysis of the key areas of development of economic legislation, a tendency has been revealed for the penetration of Anglo-Saxon legal institutions into the Russian legal system. The conclusion is formulated on the need to ensure the unity of legal terminology in legal texts. This is of particular importance when borrowing foreign legal institution

Novel self-assembling system based on resorcinarene and cationic surfactant

Mixed association of calix[4]resorcinarene with ethyl sulfonate groups on the lower rim and dimethylaminomethyl groups on the upper rim (CR) and cationic surfactant 4-aza-1-hexadecyl-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bromide (DABCO-16) is studied by methods of tensiometry, conductometry, potentiometry and NMR spectroscopy at fixed CR concentration and varied surfactant concentration. Beyond ca. 0.4 mM of DABCO-16, mixed aggregates enriched by CR are proved to be formed due to electrostatic forces, while beyond ca. 5 mM, aggregates enriched by surfactant occur due to the hydrophobic effect. Spectrophotometry monitoring of the solubilization of a hydrophobic dye, Orange OT, demonstrated that only the second type of mixed aggregate enriched by DABCO-16 is capable of binding the organic probe, while the mixed system where the surfactant is a minor component shows no binding capacity towards Orange OT. This finding can be used for the design of nanocontainers with controllable binding/release properties.Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich

ВИЧ-ИНФЕКЦИЯ СРЕДИ БЕРЕМЕННЫХ ЖЕНЩИН В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ БАШКОРТОСТАН

The aim of this study was to characterize the situation of HIV infection among pregnant women in the Republic of Bashkortostan in 2013-2017 on the basis of a comprehensive retrospective analysis of indicators.A comprehensive retrospective analysis of statistical data on 2734 cases of pregnancies of HIV-infected women who were on dispensary observation at the Republican center for prevention and control of AIDS and infectious diseases in the period from 2013 to 2017 was carried out. The prevalence of HIV infection in pregnant women during the study period tended to increase annually from 656.4 to 857.8 per 100 thousand pregnancies. The prevalence of HIV infection among pregnant women who have completed pregnancy by childbirth increased from 650.7 to 795.0 per 100 thousand women who gave birth. The incidence of HIV infection among pregnant women, reflecting the first identified cases, increased from 248.4 to 267.1 per 100 thousand pregnancies. The proportion of newly diagnosed HIV infections among pregnant women in the structure of the overall HIV incidence has decreased from 7.92% to 6.03%. The main route of HIV infection of pregnant women was sexual, the average for the period of its specific weight was 92.6±4.0%, the parenteral pathway accounted for 7.4±4.0%. There is a steady change in the age structure of HIV-infected pregnant women with first time established diagnosis, towards the age group of 21-30 years. If in 2013, the structure was dominated by pregnant women aged 31-40 years (60.2%), in 2017 the first place was the age group of 21-30 years (47.9%). On average, 24.7±2.3% of HIV-infected women were admitted to the study period under observation up to 12 weeks of pregnancy. The rate of vertical transmission of HIV infection averaged 2.9±1.0% over the period. Determination of the main trends of HIV infection among pregnant women, allows to assess the effectiveness of the implemented therapeutic and preventive measures, to develop and implement new methods of organization of medical care of this category of population, aimed at reducing the spread of the disease.Целью настоящего исследования являлась характеристика ситуации по ВИЧ-инфекции среди беременных женщин в Республике Башкортостан в 2013–2017 гг. на основе комплексного ретроспективного анализа показателей. Проведен комплексный ретроспективный анализ статистических данных 2734 случаев беременностей ВИЧ-инфицированных женщин, находившихся на диспансерном наблюдении в Республиканском центре по профилактике и борьбе со СПИДом и инфекционными заболеваниями в период с 2013 по 2017 г.Показатель пораженности ВИЧ-инфекцией беременных женщин в исследуемый период имел тенденцию к ежегодному росту с 656,4 до 857,8 на 100 тыс. беременностей. Показатель пораженности ВИЧ-инфекцией среди беременных, завершивших беременность родами, вырос с 650,7 до 795,0 на 100 тыс. родивших женщин. Показатель заболеваемости ВИЧ-инфекцией среди беременных женщин, отражающий впервые выявленные случаи, вырос с 248,4 до 267,1 на 100 тыс. беременностей. Удельный вес впервые выявленных случаев ВИЧ- инфекции среди беременных женщин в структуре об- щей заболеваемости ВИЧ-инфекцией снизился с 7,92% до 6,03%. Основным путем заражения ВИЧ-инфекцией беременных женщин являлся половой, в среднем за период его удельный вес составлял 92,6±4,0%, на парентеральный путь приходилось 7,4±4,0%. Прослеживается устойчивое изменение возрастной структуры ВИЧ-инфицированных беременных женщин с впервые установленным диагнозом в сторону возрастной группы 21–30 лет. Если в 2013 г. в структуре преобладали беременные женщины в возрасте 31–40 лет (60,2%), то в 2017 г. на первое место вышла возрастная группа 21–30 лет (47,9%). В среднем за исследуемый период под наблюдение в срок до 12 недель беременности по- ступило 24,7±2,3% ВИЧ-инфицированных женщин. Показатель вертикальной трансмиссии ВИЧ-инфекции в среднем за период составил 2,9±1,0%. Определение основных тенденций распространения ВИЧ-инфекции среди беременных женщин позволяет проводить оценку эффективности реализуемых лечебно-профилактических мероприятий, разрабатывать и внедрять новые методы организации медицинской помощи данной категории населения, направленные на снижение распространения данного заболевания