Parametric Mass Modeling for Mars Entry, Descent and Landing System Analysis Study

This paper provides an overview of the parametric mass models used for the Entry, Descent, and Landing Systems Analysis study conducted by NASA in FY2009-2010. The study examined eight unique exploration class architectures that included elements such as a rigid mid-L/D aeroshell, a lifting hypersonic inflatable decelerator, a drag supersonic inflatable decelerator, a lifting supersonic inflatable decelerator implemented with a skirt, and subsonic/supersonic retro-propulsion. Parametric models used in this study relate the component mass to vehicle dimensions and mission key environmental parameters such as maximum deceleration and total heat load. The use of a parametric mass model allows the simultaneous optimization of trajectory and mass sizing parameters

Type And Material of Fixed Prosthodontic Appliances in Patients Living in the Region of Metković

The aim of this study was to evaluate the type and the aesthetic material in relation to age, gender, level of education, employment, socio-economic status and frequency of visits to the dentist. The examination was performed on 212 patients who had a fixed prosthodontic appliance for more than a year (55% males and 45% females, age 18-80 yrs.). The following conclusions were made: 1. The older patients and retired patients had significantly more bridges than crowns (p0.05). Patients who visit their dentist regularly have significantly more crowns than bridges than patients who visit their dentist irregularly or when in pain (p0.05). 2. Almost all fixed prosthodontic appliances older than 10 years were made of porcelain (98%), while acrylic veneer crowns were more frequent in appliances older than 10 or 15 years (p0.05). Patients older than 60 years had more acrylic material compared to younger patients. While patients younger than 39 years had almost exclusively ceramic appliances (p<0.01). Less educated patients had more acrylic veneer appliances. Employed patients had significantly more ceramic appliances than retired patients

Type And Material of Fixed Prosthodontic Appliances in Patients Living in the Region of Metković

The aim of this study was to evaluate the type and the aesthetic material in relation to age, gender, level of education, employment, socio-economic status and frequency of visits to the dentist. The examination was performed on 212 patients who had a fixed prosthodontic appliance for more than a year (55% males and 45% females, age 18-80 yrs.). The following conclusions were made: 1. The older patients and retired patients had significantly more bridges than crowns (p0.05). Patients who visit their dentist regularly have significantly more crowns than bridges than patients who visit their dentist irregularly or when in pain (p0.05). 2. Almost all fixed prosthodontic appliances older than 10 years were made of porcelain (98%), while acrylic veneer crowns were more frequent in appliances older than 10 or 15 years (p0.05). Patients older than 60 years had more acrylic material compared to younger patients. While patients younger than 39 years had almost exclusively ceramic appliances (p<0.01). Less educated patients had more acrylic veneer appliances. Employed patients had significantly more ceramic appliances than retired patients

Asymmetric magnetic reconnection with a flow shear and applications to the magnetopause

We perform a theoretical and numerical study of anti-parallel 2D magnetic reconnection with asymmetries in the density and reconnecting magnetic field strength in addition to a bulk flow shear across the reconnection site in the plane of the reconnecting fields, which commonly occurs at planetary magnetospheres. We predict the speed at which an isolated X-line is convected by the flow, the reconnection rate, and the critical flow speed at which reconnection no longer takes place for arbitrary reconnecting magnetic field strengths, densities, and upstream flow speeds, and confirm the results with two-fluid numerical simulations. The predictions and simulation results counter the prevailing model of reconnection at Earth's dayside magnetopause which says reconnection occurs with a stationary X-line for sub-Alfvenic magnetosheath flow, reconnection occurs but the X-line convects for magnetosheath flows between the Alfven speed and double the Alfven speed, and reconnection does not occur for magnetosheath flows greater than double the Alfven speed. We find that X-line motion is governed by momentum conservation from the upstream flows, which are weighted differently in asymmetric systems, so the X-line convects for generic conditions including sub-Alfvenic upstream speeds. For the reconnection rate, while the cutoff condition for symmetric reconnection is that the difference in flows on the two sides of the reconnection site is twice the Alfven speed, we find asymmetries cause the cutoff speed for asymmetric reconnection to be higher than twice the asymmetric form of the Alfven speed. The results compare favorably with an observation of reconnection at Earth's polar cusps during a period of northward interplanetary magnetic field, where reconnection occurs despite the magnetosheath flow speed being more than twice the magnetosheath Alfven speed, the previously proposed suppression condition.Comment: 46 pages, 7 figures, abstract abridged here, accepted to Journal of Geophysical Research - Space Physic

A Climate Index Optimized for Longshore Sediment Transport Reveals Interannual and Multidecadal Littoral Cell Rotations

A recent 35-year endpoint shoreline change analysis revealed signi&#64257;cant counterclockwiserotations occurring in north-central Oregon, USA, littoral cells that extend 10s of kilometers in length.While the potential for severe El Niños to contribute to littoral cell rotations at seasonal to interannual scalewas previously recognized, the dynamics resulting in persistent (multidecadal) rotation were unknown,largely due to a lack of historical wave conditions extending back multiple decades and the dif&#64257;culty ofseparating the timescales of shoreline variability in a high energy region. This study addresses this questionby (1) developing a statistical downscaling framework to characterize wave conditions relevant for longshoresediment transport during data-poor decades and (2) applying a one-line shoreline change model toquantitatively assess the potential for such large embayed beaches to rotate. A climateINdex was optimizedto capture variability in longshore wave power as a proxy for potentialLOngshore Sediment Transport(LOST_IN), and a procedure was developed to simulate many realizations of potential wave conditions fromthe index. Waves were transformed dynamically with Simulating Waves Nearshore to the nearshore asinputs to a one-line model that revealed shoreline rotations of embayed beaches at multiple time and spatialscales not previously discernible from infrequent observations. Model results indicate that littoral cellsrespond to both interannual and multidecadal oscillations, producing comparable shoreline excursions toextreme El Niño winters. The technique quantitatively relates morphodynamic forcing to speci&#64257;c climatepatterns and has the potential to better identify and quantify coastal variability on timescales relevant to achanging climate.This work would not have been possible without funding from the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program (GRFP) through NSF grant DGE-1314109, the Coastal and Ocean Climate Applications (COCA) program through NOAA grant NA15OAR4310243, NOAA’s Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessments Program (RISA), under NOAA grant NA15OAR4310145, and the Spanish Ministerio de Educación Cultura y Deporte FPU (Formación del Profesorado Universitario) studentship BOE-A-2013-12235. Beach survey data collection undertaken on the Oregon coast was made possible by the Northwest Association of Networked Ocean Observing Systems (NANOOS) through NOAA grant NA16NOS0120019

Kajian Teknis Geometri Peledakan Berdasarkan Analisis Blastability Dan Digging Rate Alat Gali Muat Di Pit Mt-4 Tambang Air Laya PT Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk Tanjung Enim, Sumatera Selatan

Penentuan geometri peledakan dan powder factor harus memperhatikan karakteristik massa batuan dan kondisi geologi setempat agar dapat memperoleh fragmentasi produktif dimana persentase boulder kurang dari 15 % sehingga digging rate dan produktivitas alat gali muat dapat ditingkatkan. Percobaan geometri alternatif dilakukan untuk mengatasi masalah boulder yang dihasilkan. Rancangan geometri alternatif ditentukan dengan melakukan penelitian terhadap karakteristik massa batuan berdasarkan Lilly\u27s blastability index berupa rockmass description, joint plane spacing, joint plane orientation, specific gravity influence, dan hardness. Berdasarkan hasil pembobotan massa batuan yang akan diledakkan maka didapatkan nilai blastability index di lokasi penelitian sebesar 33,13 sehingga geometri peledakan yang baik untuk diterapkan untuk lubang bor 6,75 inci adalah burden sebesar 5,5 m, spasi 8,0 m, kedalaman lubang ledak 8,2 meter, subdrilling 0,3 m, tinggi jenjang 7,9 m, stemming 4,4 m, dan panjang kolom isian 3,8 m serta powder factor 0,20 kg/m3 sedangkan untuk lubang bor 7,875 inci adalah burden sebesar 6,5 m, spasi 9,0 m, kedalaman lubang ledak 8,3 m, subdrilling 0,3 m, tinggi jenjang 8,0 meter, stemming 4,6 m, dan panjang kolom isian 3,7 m serta powder factor 0,20 kg/m3, dimana dari kedua geometri usulan tersebut menghasilkan persentase boulder yang lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan geometri yang diterapkan saat ini

Gravitational multi-NUT solitons, Komar masses and charges

Generalising expressions given by Komar, we give precise definitions of gravitational mass and solitonic NUT charge and we apply these to the description of a class of Minkowski-signature multi-Taub-NUT solutions without rod singularities. A Wick rotation then yields the corresponding class of Euclidean-signature gravitational multi-instantons.Comment: Some references adde

Consequences of a covariant Description of Heavy Ion Reactions at intermediate Energies

Heavy ion collisions at intermediate energies are studied by using a new RQMD code, which is a covariant generalization of the QMD approach. We show that this new implementation is able to produce the same results in the nonrelativistic limit (i.e. 50MeV/nucl.) as the non-covariant QMD. Such a comparison is not available in the literature. At higher energies (i.e. 1.5 GeV/nucl. and 2 GeV/nucl.) RQMD and QMD give different results in respect to the time evolution of the phase space, for example for the directed transverse flow. These differences show that consequences of a covariant description of heavy ion reactions within the framework of RQMD are existing even at intermediate energies.Comment: LaTex-file, 28 pages, 8 figures (available upon request), accepted for publication in Physical Review

Desain Dan Uji Prototipe Alat Pasteurisasi Susu Berbasis Teknologi Irradiasi Ultraviolet (Kajian Dosis Uv)

The process of milk pasteurization generally use thermal method. The method can cause microorganisms inactive on the other side, the method result in the degradation of quality food. An alternative method that can be used is by using technology of ultraviolet irradiation. Ultraviolet light has short wavelength with a very strong antimicrobacterialenergy.The mechanism of its wor is by absorbing the energy by nucleid acid without causing damaged on the surface of cel. The absorbed energy will cause the bonding of tymine (dimer tymine) so that the function of nucleic acid is disturbed and it cause the dead of microorganism (Lay and of Hastowo, 1992). The devices used in this research are ultraviolet lamp type C, spiral hose, supporting frame, materials containers and the devices for measuring the amount of microbes, fat, specific gravity and colour. Materials used in this research is fresh milk that obtained from KUD DAU Malang. The result are pasteurization process with UV irradiation decrease microorganisms and fat in milk