A Taxonomy of Traffic Forecasting Regression Problems From a Supervised Learning Perspective

One contemporary policy to deal with traffic congestion is the design and implementation of forecasting methods that allow users to plan ahead of time and decision makers to improve traffic management. Current data availability and growing computational capacities have increased the use of machine learning (ML) to address traffic prediction, which is mostly modeled as a supervised regression problem. Although some studies have presented taxonomies to sort the literature in this field, they are mostly oriented to classify the ML methods applied and a little effort has been directed to categorize the traffic forecasting problems approached by them. As far as we know, there is no comprehensive taxonomy that classifies these problems from the point of view of both traffic and ML. In this paper, we propose a taxonomy to categorize the aforementioned problems from both traffic and a supervised regression learning perspective. The taxonomy aims at unifying and consolidating categorization criteria related to traffic and it introduces new criteria to classify the problems in terms of how they are modeled from a supervised regression approach. The traffic forecasting literature, from 2000 to 2019, is categorized using this taxonomy to illustrate its descriptive power. From this categorization, different remarks are discussed regarding the current gaps and trends in the addressed traffic forecasting area

Evolutionary undersampling for extremely imbalanced big data classification under apache spark

The classification of datasets with a skewed class distribution is an important problem in data mining. Evolutionary undersampling of the majority class has proved to be a successful approach to tackle this issue. Such a challenging task may become even more difficult when the number of the majority class examples is very big. In this scenario, the use of the evolutionary model becomes unpractical due to the memory and time constrictions. Divide-and-conquer approaches based on the MapReduce paradigm have already been proposed to handle this type of problems by dividing data into multiple subsets. However, in extremely imbalanced cases, these models may suffer from a lack of density from the minority class in the subsets considered. Aiming at addressing this problem, in this contribution we provide a new big data scheme based on the new emerging technology Apache Spark to tackle highly imbalanced datasets. We take advantage of its in-memory operations to diminish the effect of the small sample size. The key point of this proposal lies in the independent management of majority and minority class examples, allowing us to keep a higher number of minority class examples in each subset. In our experiments, we analyze the proposed model with several data sets with up to 17 million instances. The results show the goodness of this evolutionary undersampling model for extremely imbalanced big data classification

Proyección del bookinfluencer en el fomento de la lectura: Una propuestas didáctica para la sociedad postdigital

Existen numerosas iniciativas educativas dirigidas a fomentar la lectura. Asimismo, la sociedad española es muy activa en el desarrollo de esta actividad. Sin embargo, los estudios señalan que tiene lugar una pérdida de interés por la lectura durante la adolescencia, concretamente, a los 15 y 18 años. Además, esta población adolescente presenta una baja competencia lectora en el último informe PISA 2018. Por tanto, se observa la necesidad de incrementar tanto la motivación como el rendimiento en la actividad lectora. No obstante, los datos también muestran dos vías efectivas para acercar la lectura a los adolescentes: el uso de dispositivos digitales y la influencia de los bookinfluencers, es decir, influencers que hablan sobre libros. Por ello, este trabajo analiza el uso de las redes sociales y las prácticas que desarrollan los bookinfluencers, con el objetivo de conocer su dinámica para promocionar la lectura en los jóvenes. A su vez, integra dicha dinámica en una propuesta didáctica para el aula.There are several educational initiatives to promote reading. Likewise, Spanish society is active in reading in their daily life. However, studies indicate that there is a loss of interest in reading in adolescents between 15 and 18 years old. In addition, this population showed low reading competence in the latest PISA 2018 report. Therefore, there is a need to increase both motivation and competence in the reading activity. In spite of this situation, studies also show two effective ways to promote reading in adolescents: the use of digital devices and the influence of bookinfluencers, that is, influencers who talk about books. Due to these observations, this project analyzes the dynamics of social networks and the activities of bookinfluencers in order to learn from their practices to promote reading in young people. After this analysis the project integrates this practices in a didactic proposal for the classroom

Influência da carga competitiva no basquetebol formativo de acordo com o tempo de jogo

Este trabajo ha sido parcialmente subvencionado por la Ayuda a los Grupos de Investigación (GR18170) del Gobierno de Extremadura (Consejería de Empleo, Empresa e Innovación); con la aportación de la Unión Europea a través de los Fondos Europeos de Desarrollo Regional.Resumen: Introducción: En baloncesto, la cuantificación de la carga en competición es una herramienta muy utilizada por entrenadores con el fin de definir objetivos y controlar la evolución de los jugadores. Aun así, los jugadores no participan del mismo modo durante la competición, existiendo jugadores con un estímulo de minutos superior al de otros. Objetivos: Conocer como varía la demanda física de la competición en función del tiempo de participación en el juego de cada deportista. Métodos: Se analizaron 12 partidos de competición de baloncesto femenino de formación U18, dónde se registró la carga cinemática a través de la distancia recorrida, número de sprines, aceleraciones y deceleraciones, impactos, saltos y PlayerLoad. Todas estas variables se analizaron en función de la carga de minutos (1-10’, 10-20’, 20-30’ y de 30-40’). Los datos fueron recogidos a partir de tecnología de banda ultra ancha (UWB) y dispositivos inerciales (WIMUTM). Resultados y discusión: Se observa una línea ascendente en todas las variables analizadas al incrementar el tiempo de juego. Sin embargo, analizando las variables ponderadas al minuto (número de acciones por minuto) se identifica una disminución del rendimiento final cuando las jugadoras se mantienen en pista más de 30 minutos. Conclusiones: Se ha diferenciado la carga competitiva en función de los minutos de juego, permitiendo reestructurar el tiempo entre las jugadoras de un equipo con el objetivo conseguir un rendimiento físico óptimo durante todo el partidoAbstract: Introduction: In basketball, the quantification of the load in competition is a tool widely used by coaches in order to define objectives and control the evolution of the players. Even so, players do not participate in the same way during the competition, there being players with a stimulus of minutes superior to others. Aim: To know how the physical demand of the competition varies depending on the time of participation in each athlete's game. Methods: 12 games of women's U18 basketball competition were analyzed, where the kinematic load was recorded through distance perform, number of sprints, accelerations and decelerations, impacts, jumps and PlayerLoad. All these variables were analyzed according to the load of minutes (1-10 ', 10-20', 20-30 'and 30-40'). The data was collected from Ultra Wide Band (UWB) and inertial devices (WIMUTM). Results & discussion: An ascending line is observed in all the analyzed variables when increasing the playing time. However, analyzing the weighted variables at minute (number of actions per minute) a decrease in the final performance is identified when the players stay on the track for more than 30 minutes. Conclusions: The competitive load has been differentiated according to the minutes of the game, allowing to restructure the time between the players of a team with the aim of achieving optimal physical performance throughout the game.Resumo: Introdução: No basquete, a quantificação da carga na competição é uma ferramenta amplamente utilizada pelos treinadores para definir objetivos e controlar a evolução dos jogadores. Mesmo assim, os jogadores não participam da mesma forma durante a competição, havendo jogadores com um estímulo de minutos superior aos demais. Objetivos: Saber como a demanda física da competição varia de acordo com o tempo de participação no jogo de cada atleta. Métodos: foram analisados 12 jogos de basquete de treinamento feminino U18, onde a carga cinemática foi registrada através da distância percorrida, número de sprints, acelerações e desacelerações, impactos, saltos e PlayerLoad. Todas essas variáveis foram analisadas de acordo com a carga de minutos (1-10 ', 10-20', 20-30 'e 30-40'). Os dados foram coletados em banda larga ultra larga (UWB) e dispositivos inerciais (WIMUTM). Resultados e discussão: Uma linha ascendente é observada em todas as variáveis analisadas ao aumentar o tempo de jogo. No entanto, analisando as variáveis ponderadas no minuto (número de ações por minuto), uma diminuição no desempenho final é identificada quando os jogadores permanecem na pista por mais de 30 minutos. Conclusões: A carga competitiva foi diferenciada de acordo com os minutos de jogo, permitindo reestruturar o tempo entre os jogadores de uma equipe com o objetivo de atingir um desempenho físico ótimo durante todo o jogo

Estudio comparativo de resistencia aeróbica y anaeróbica en jugadores de baloncesto en función de la metodología de entrenamiento

The aim of this investigation is identifying the differences between aerobic and anaerobic capacities in players. They are training with different methodologies. Therefore, it is necessary to know how are the physiological and cinematic request of the trainings.The design of this investigation can be classified as a manipulative strategy. It is inside of studies about empirical nature of cuasiexperimental type, where you can examinate the differences between groups: Design of not equal groups. The people group of the study are two basketball teams. They train with differents methodologies but they have the same time to practise and the same material too.Regarding the results, there are some differences between aerobic and anaerobic events of the teams. In this way, it is superior the team with comprehensive methodology.In this case, you can affirm that training with a comprehensive methodology causes the best results as aerobic and anaerobic endurance. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar las diferencias en la capacidad aeróbica y anaeróbica de jugadores en período de formación, que son entrenados con metodologías diferentes. Por ello, es necesario conocer como son las demandas fisiológicas y cinemáticas de los entrenamientos.El diseño de esta investigación se puede enmarcar bajo una estrategia manipulativa, dentro de los estudios de naturaleza empírica de tipo cuasiexperimental donde se busca examinar las diferencias entre grupos, Diseño de Grupos No Equivalentes.La población del estudio son dos equipos de baloncesto que entrenan bajo diferentes metodologías pero que disponen del mismo tiempo de entrenamiento y material.En cuanto a los resultados que se obtienen, se encuentran diferencias en la prueba aeróbica y anaeróbica entre los equipos, siendo superior el equipo bajo enfoque comprensivo.En este caso, se puede afirmar que entrenar bajo una metodología comprensiva provoca mejores resultados tanto en Resistencia Aeróbica como en Anaeróbica

Octupole transitions in the 208Pb region

The 208Pb region is characterised by the existence of collective octupole states. Here we populated such states in 208Pb + 208Pb deep-inelastic reactions. γ-ray angular distribution measurements were used to infer the octupole character of several E3 transitions. The octupole character of the 2318 keV 17− → 14+ in 208Pb, 2485 keV 19/2 − → 13/2 + in 207Pb, 2419 keV 15/2 − → 9/2 + in 209Pb and 2465 keV 17/2 + → 11/2 − in 207Tl transitions was demonstrated for the first time. In addition, shell model calculations were performed using two different sets of two-body matrix elements. Their predictions were compared with emphasis on collective octupole states.This work is supported by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), UK, US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DEAC02-06CH11357 and DE-FG02-94ER40834, NSF grant PHY-1404442

¿Afecta la fase de juego al diseño de las tareas de un equipo de baloncesto de formación?

During the season, the main role of the coach is to design and plan the tasks that help achieve the objectives sequentially set. The aim of this study is to describe the existing differences between the tasks designed in function of the game phase. To do so, 388 tasks were collected during a season of a basketball team. This comparison is due to the fact that the coach performs the training under a comprehensive approach and chooses a wave model of work in which tasks are alternated with an aim of attack and defense. Finally, this study presents a critical and reliable analysis on the design and training plan with a global vision that shows the differences found in the tasks in function of the game phase.Durante la temporada, el papel principal del entrenador es el de diseñar y plantear las tareas que ayuden a conseguir los objetivos planteados de manera secuencial. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir si existen diferencias entre las tareas que son diseñadas en función de la fase de juego. Para ello, se recogieron 388 tareas durante una temporada de un equipo de baloncesto. Esta comparativa se debe a que el entrenador, realiza los entrenamientos bajo enfoque comprensivo y elige un modelo ondulatorio del trabajo en el que se alternan tareas con finalidad de ataque y defensa. Finalmente, este trabajo presenta un análisis crítico y fiable sobre el diseño y el planteamiento de los entrenamientos con una visión global que recoge las diferencias encontradas en las tareas en función de la fase de juego