59 research outputs found
Oil and gas production technology
This training manual includes practical works on the course βOil and gas production technologyβ in English. The petroleum industry include the global processes of exploration, extraction, refining, transporting (often by oil tankers and pipelines), and marketing petroleum products. The largest volume products of the industry are fuel oil, gasoline (petrol) and natural gas. The industry is usually divided into three major components: upstream, midstream and downstream. Upstream sector of petroleum industry includes exploration, development and production of crude oil or natural gas. Practical works acquaint students with the calculation methods of some processes and equipment used in the oil-gas production. The manual is intended for the students trained on a speciality 6.050304 "Oil and gas extraction" in English
Π‘ΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡcΡΠ°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌ Π’-1500 ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΠΠ‘-20
Π‘ΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡcΡΠ°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌ Π’-1500 ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΠΠ‘-20 = Comparison of electrophysical characteristics of various combinations of the polypropylene-polyethylene terephthalate dielectric impregnated with transformer oil T-1500 and polymethylsiloxane liquid PMS-20 / Π. Π. ΠΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎ, Π. Π―. ΠΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½, Π‘. Π. Π’ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ², Π. Π. Π’Π°Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ²Π°, Π’. Π. Π€Π΅ΡΡΠΊ // ΠΠ±. Π½Π°ΡΠΊ. ΠΏΡ. ΠΠ£Π. β ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°ΡΠ² : ΠΠ£Π, 2018. β
β 1β2 (473). β Π‘. 21β26.ΠΠ½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΡ. Π ΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΡΠ½Π°ΡΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΊ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΉ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡΠ². ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ² Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠ½Ρ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ.Abstract. The article considers the results of the studies on the electrophysical characteristics of various combinations of the impregnated dielectric polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate ο¬lms, which can be applied as the working insulator of a high-voltage pulse capacitorβs sections. Experiments on mockups of the capacitorβs sections served as a basis for the analysis of the inο¬uence of polarity of the ο¬lms and capacitor plates on the electrical insulation resistance and short-term dielectric strength of such dielectric systems. Recommendations for using dielectric systems as capacitor insulation are provided.ΠΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ
Tropological space : the imaginary space of figuration
The paper is devoted to the concept of tropological space, introduced by Michel Foucault in 1966 and alluded to in Hayden Whiteβs tropics of discourse (1973, 1978, 2000), but never described in any detail in literary semantics or linguistic stylistics. The author presents her theory of a triple functional subdivision of stylistic figures and, consequently, of tropes (micro-, macro- and mega (meta)-level of description) and relates it to a gradually expanding tropological space of particular figures, their chains and groupings within a text. The author postulates that tropological space, the imaginary space created through figuration, is a sub-space of the Wittgensteinian logical space as well as a sub-space of textual / discursive space. Although the discussion refers mostly to literary texts, tropology β a branch of stylistics / poetics / rhetoric makes generalizations valid for the study of all kinds of texts / discourses. Figuration is assumed here to be an inherent feature of conceptual and linguistic expression. Finally, the author raises a methodological query as to the ontological status of tropological space, opting for the approach which treats it as a peculiar kind of semantic space rather than a mere metaphoric term.
The discussion is based mostly on the Anglo-American studies on figuration (K. Burke, H. White, P. de Man, J. Hillis Miller, G. Hartman) that are rooted in the neo-classical rhetoric and writings of G. Vico. This line of thinking draws its philosophical inspiration from the European hermeneutics of P. Ricoeur, the Foucaultian theory of discourses and the Derridean deconstructionist ideas on the operation of language. The author brings additionally into consideration the conception of artistic space propagated by the Russian semiotic tradition and V. N. Toporov (1983/2003) in particular
ΠΠΎΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ½Π½Ρ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΡΠ½Π°ΡΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ-ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌ Π’-1500 Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΠΠ‘-20
The article considers the results of the studies on the electrophysical characteristics of various combinations of the impregnated dielectric polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate films, which can be applied as the working insulator of a high-voltage pulse capacitorβs sections. Experiments on mockups of the capacitorβs sections served as a basis for the analysis of the influence of polarity of the films and capacitor plates on the electrical insulation resistance and short-term dielectric strength of such dielectric systems. Recommendations for using dielectric systems as capacitor insulation are provided.Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ.Π ΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΡΠ½Π°ΡΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΊ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΉ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡΠ². ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ² Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠ½Ρ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ
Mutualistic Mimicry and Filtering by Altitude Shape the Structure of Andean Butterfly Communities
Both the abiotic environment and abiotic interactions among species contribute to shaping species assemblages. While the roles of habitat filtering and competitive interactions are clearly established, less is known about how positive interactions, whereby species benefit from the presence of one another, affect community structure. Here we assess the importance of positive interactions by studying Andean communities of butterflies that interact mutualistically via MΓΌllerian mimicry. We show that communities at similar altitudes have a similar phylogenetic composition, confirming that filtering by altitude is an important process. We also provide evidence that species that interact mutualistically (i.e., species that share the same mimicry wing pattern) coexist at large scales more often than expected by chance. Furthermore, we detect an association between mimicry structure and altitude that is stronger than expected even when phylogeny is corrected for, indicating adaptive convergence for wing pattern and/or altitudinal range driven by mutualistic interactions. Positive interactions extend far beyond MΓΌllerian mimicry, with many examples in plants and animals, and their role in the evolution and assembly of communities may be more pervasive than is currently appreciated. Our findings have strong implications for the evolution and resilience of community structure in a changing world
Presence/absence data and altitude data per Ithomiini species in the incidence-dataset
Presence/absence data obtained from field inventories supplemented by specimen data from multiple museum and private collections for 15 sites from eastern Ecuador. Locations and altitudes of the sites are given in Chazot et al (2013, American Naturalist). Each species was assigned to a mimicry complex. Some species exhibit sexual dimorphism. In some cases different subspecies/forms belong to different mimicry complexes, and are considered as different taxa. Minimum, maximum, median and mean altitude of each species are also given (extracted from a database of 3193 species locality records, KRW unpublished data)
Data from: Mutualistic mimicry and filtering by altitude shape the structure of Andean butterfly communities
Both the abiotic environment and abiotic interactions among species contribute to shaping species assemblages. While the roles of habitat filtering and competitive interactions are clearly established, less is known about how positive interactions, whereby species benefit from the presence of one another, affect community structure. Here we assess the importance of positive interactions by studying Andean communities of butterflies that interact mutualistically via MΓΌllerian mimicry. We show that communities at similar altitudes have a similar phylogenetic composition, confirming that filtering by altitude is an important process. We also provide evidence that species that interact mutualistically (i.e., species that share the same mimicry wing pattern) coexist at large scales more often than expected by chance. Furthermore, we detect an association between mimicry structure and altitude that is stronger than expected even when phylogeny is corrected for, indicating adaptive convergence for wing pattern and/or altitudinal range driven by mutualistic interactions. Positive interactions extend far beyond MΓΌllerian mimicry, with many examples in plants and animals, and their role in the evolution and assembly of communities may be more pervasive than is currently appreciated. Our findings have strong implications for the evolution and resilience of community structure in a changing world
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