363 research outputs found
Refinements of the qPCR and RT-qPCR detection assays for detecting microcystin producers: An early warning system for microcystin production
The frequent occurrence of CHABs is a threat to human and ecological health by their toxin products, particularly Microcystin. Microcystin is the most common cyanotoxin produced, with the major toxin-producing genera during CHABs being Microcystis and Planktothrix. Previously, we’ve demonstrated that qPCR and RT-qPCR can be used as an early warning detection system for microcystin production in fresh surface waters. However, to form a more robust detection system, certain PCR methods need to be defined and validated. For example, target nucleic acid concentrations and biomass derived from environmental samples can range from low levels (undetectable) to extremely high levels (up to 1010 L-1) and thus can impact the overall assays’ RT and PCR reaction steps. To create a more robust qPCR and RT-qPCR-based early warning system, two commonly used quantitative PCR systems (TaqMan qPCR and SYBR Green qPCR) were evaluated for their specificity, sensitivity, efficiency, and accuracy. Three potential inhibitory scenarios for these PCR assays and corresponding relief strategies were evaluated for their effectiveness. The resulting qPCR procedures will be evaluated to monitor the occurrences of microcystin producers during the early bloom stages of HABs. Preliminary results from this study will be presented and a proposed protocol will be discussed
Grain size influences the corrosion and cavitation of Ni3Al intermetallic alloys
Influence of grain size on corrosion and cavitation of the Ni3Al - based intermetallic alloy was studied in recent paper. The research was conducted on Ni3Al - based intermetallic alloy doped with boron and zirconium. The initial grain size of 6, 20 and 45 μm the investigated samples was obtained through cold rolling followed by recrystallization annealing. It was found that initial grain size does not influence the breakthrough potential neither repassivation potential. On the other hand, various types of pits were found for alloys with different grain size during corrosion tests in sodium chloride solutions. It was found that increase of grain size results with reducing the depth of cavitational pits. However, surface area of the pits increases with increasing grain size
Silicon dendritic web material
The development of a low cost and reliable contact system for solar cells and the fabrication of several solar cell modules using ultrasonic bonding for the interconnection of cells and ethylene vinyl acetate as the potting material for module encapsulation are examined. The cells in the modules were made from dendritic web silicon. To reduce cost, the electroplated layer of silver was replaced with an electroplated layer of copper. The modules that were fabricated used the evaporated Ti, Pd, Ag and electroplated Cu (TiPdAg/Cu) system. Adherence of Ni to Si is improved if a nickel silicide can be formed by heat treatment. The effectiveness of Ni as a diffusion barrier to Cu and the ease with which nickel silicide is formed is discussed. The fabrication of three modules using dendritic web silicon and employing ultrasonic bonding for interconnecting calls and ethylene vinyl acetate as the potting material is examined
Thermally Stable Nuclear Burning on Accreting White Dwarfs
One of the challenges to increasing the mass of a white dwarf through
accretion is the tendency for the accumulating hydrogen to ignite unstably and
potentially trigger mass loss. It has been known for many years that there is a
narrow range of accretion rates for which the hydrogen can burn stably,
allowing for the white dwarf mass to increase as a pure helium layer
accumulates. We first review the physics of stable burning, providing a clear
explanation for why radiation pressure stabilization leads to a narrow range of
accretion rates for stable burning near the Eddington limit, confirming the
recent work of Nomoto and collaborators. We also explore the possibility of
stabilization due to a high luminosity from beneath the burning layer. We then
examine the impact of the beta-decay-limited ''hot'' CNO cycle on the stability
of burning. Though this plays a significant role for accreting neutron stars,
we find that for accreting white dwarfs, it can only increase the range of
stably-burning accretion rates for metallicities below 0.01 solar metallicity.Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal, 7 pages, 4
figures; v2: Minor changes to correct typos and clarify conten
Oscillations of alpha UMa and other red giants
There is growing observational evidence that the variability of red giants
could be caused by excitation of global modes of oscillation. The most recent
evidence of such oscillations was reported for alpha UMa by Buzasi et
al.(2000). We address the problem of radial and nonradial mode excitation in
red giants from the theoretical point of view. In particular, we present the
results of numerical computations of oscillation properties of a model of alpha
UMa and of several models of a 2M_sun star in the red-giant phase. In the red
giant stars by far most of the nonradial modes are confined to to the deep
interior, where they have the g-mode character. Only modes at resonant
frequencies of the p-mode cavity have substantial amplitudes in the outer
layers. We have shown that such modes can be unstable with the linear growth
rates similar to those of corresponding to radial modes.
We have been unable to explain the observed oscillation properties of alpha
UMa, either in terms of mode instability or in terms of stochastic excitation
by turbulent convection. Modes at the lowest frequencies, which exhibit the
largest amplitudes and may correspond to the first three radial modes, are
found stable if all effects of convection are taken into account. The observed
frequency dependence of amplitudes does not agree with what one expects from
stochastic excitation. The predicted fundamental mode amplitude is by about two
orders of magnitude smaller than those of high frequency modes, which is in
stark disagreement with the observations.Comment: MNRAS in pres
Multitraits evaluation of Pakistani ecotypes of berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) under full-irrigation and water restriction conditions
Berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) is an important forage crop in Pakistan and many ecotypes are grown across the country. Its yield is however frequently affected by insufficient irrigation due to unavailability of water. In the present study, twenty Pakistani ecotypes of berseem clover have been evaluated in lysimeters under full irrigation and water restriction conditions. In the full irrigation treatment soil humidity was maintained at field capacity, while in the water restriction treatment water was only supplied after severe wilting and to maintain humidity in the deep profile of the soil. Assessed traits included forage yield, calculated as the sum of the biomass harvested at 70 and 110 DA days after emergence, and morpho-physiological traits. Significant effects of water restriction were noted on yield, leaf gas exchange parameters, canopy temperature and osmotic adjustment. Most morpho-physiological traits had higher broad sense heritability than forage yield, both under full irrigation and water restriction conditions. Water restriction increased genetic and phenotypic variability and heritability of most traits under study. Under these conditions forage yield was positively associated to leaf temperature and recovery rate index and, under full irrigation, to net photosynthetic rate, canopy depression temperature and leaf area. The possible use of these traits as indirect selection criteria in berseem clover breeding programs is discussed. Some ecotypes with favorable traits such as high forage yield potential, good adaptation to water restriction and aptitude to multiple harvesting have also been identified
Novel Electron Spectroscopy of Tenuously and Weakly Bound Negative Ions
A novel method is proposed that uses very slow electron elastic collisions
with atoms to identify their presence through the observation of tenuously
bound (electron impact energy, E<0.1 eV) and weakly bound (E<1 eV) negative
ions, formed as Regge resonances during the collisions.Comment: 4pages, 3figure
Scintillator counters with WLS fiber/MPPC readout for the side muon range detector (SMRD)of the T2K experiment
The T2K neutrino experiment at J-PARC uses a set of near detectors to measure
the properties of an unoscillated neutrino beam and neutrino interaction
cross-sections. One of the sub-detectors of the near-detector complex, the side
muon range detector (SMRD), is described in the paper. The detector is designed
to help measure the neutrino energy spectrum, to identify background and to
calibrate the other detectors. The active elements of the SMRD consist of 0.7
cm thick extruded scintillator slabs inserted into air gaps of the UA1 magnet
yokes. The readout of each scintillator slab is provided through a single WLS
fiber embedded into a serpentine shaped groove. Two Hamamatsu multi-pixel
avalanche photodiodes (MPPC's) are coupled to both ends of the WLS fiber. This
design allows us to achieve a high MIP detection efficiency of greater than
99%. A light yield of 25-50 p.e./MIP, a time resolution of about 1 ns and a
spatial resolution along the slab better than 10 cm were obtained for the SMRD
counters.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures; talk at TIPP09, March 12-17, Tsukuba, Japan; to
be published in the conference proceeding
The polymer phase of the TDAE-C organic ferromagnet
The high-pressure Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) measurements were preformed
on TDAE-C single crystals and stability of the polymeric phase was
established in the parameter space. At 7 kbar the system undergoes a
ferromagnetic to paramagnetic phase transition due to the pressure-induced
polymerization. The polymeric phase remains stable after the pressure release.
The depolymerization of the pressure-induced phase was observed at the
temperature of 520 K. Below room temperature, the polymeric phase behaves as a
simple Curie-type insulator with one unpaired electron spin per chemical
formula. The TDAE donor-related unpaired electron spins, formerly
ESR-silent, become active above the temperature of 320 K and the Curie-Weiss
behavior is re-established.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev.
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