Aplicación de herramientas para la mejora en la toma de decisiones y gestión financiera del capital de trabajo en una empresa constructora de la ciudad de Córdoba

INTRODUCCIÓN - CAPÍTULO I: MARCO TEÓRICO - 1.1 Financiamiento y planeación de corto plazo - 1.1.1 Aspectos de la política financiera a corto plazo - 1.1.2 El ciclo operativo y el ciclo de efectivo - 1.1.3 Necesidades operativas de fondos (NOF) - 1.1.4 Presupuesto de flujos de efectivo - 1.2 Administración del efectivo y la liquidez - 1.2.1 Administración del efectivo versus administración de la liquidez - 1.2.2 Flotación - 1.3 Administración de créditos e inventarios - 1.3.1 Términos de venta - 1.3.2 Efectos de la política de crédito - 1.3.3 Técnicas para mejorar las entradas y salidas de efectivo - 1.3.4 Administración del inventario - CAPÍTULO II: ANTECEDENTES DE LA EMPRESA - 2.1 FODA - 2.1.1 Fortalezas - 2.1.2 Debilidades - 2.1.3 Oportunidades - 2.1.4 Amenazas - 2.2 Principales Clientes y Competidores - 2.3 Organigrama - 2.4 Análisis de la industria - 2.4.1 Empresas PYMES - 2.4.2 PYMES Familiares - 2.4.3 Análisis del sector de la construcción - CAPÍTULO III: ANÁLISIS DE LA SITUACIÓN FINANCIERA - 3.1 Análisis de Ratios - 3.2 Fondo de maniobra - 3.3 Análisis del Efectivo - 3.4 Períodos sin obras en ejecución: Problemas y Desafíos - 3.5 Inflación y manejo de capital de trabajo - CAPÍTULO IV: PROPUESTAS DE MEJORA - 4.1 Coberturas de corto plazo - 4.2 Confección de un plan financiero de corto plazo - 4.3 Excedentes de Corto Plazo - CONCLUSIÓN - BIBLIOGRAFÍA - ANEXO I: FOTOGRÁFICO - ANEXO II: PRINCIPALES HALLAZGOS DEL ANÁLISIS FINANCIERO EJERCICIO 2015EEl presente trabajo de aplicación se enmarca en la Maestría en Dirección de Negocios, dictada por la Escuela de Graduados de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Tal y como se entrevé en el título del trabajo (a saber: "Aplicación de herramientas para la mejora en la toma de decisiones y gestión financiera del capital de trabajo en una empresa constructora de la ciudad de Córdoba"), la propuesta de trabajo se liga al aporte de herramientas que puedan mejorar la gestión financiera del capital de trabajo de una PyMe familiar de la ciudad de Córdoba, cuya rama de actividad es la construcción (en especial electromecánica e iniciándose en el rubro inmobiliario). Esta propuesta requiere un recorte de análisis, por lo cual se tomó la principal problemática de la empresa, relacionada a la falta de herramientas que posee para hacer frente a situaciones de desequilibrios financieros, tales como: “baches financieros”, períodos de baja actividad por la inexistencia de obras en ejecución, entre otros. Además, puede observarse que frente a estas situaciones, la única opción al momento de financiarse era recurrir al “descubierto bancario”, dejando de lado cualquier otra posibilidad de hacerse de fondos. En este marco, y aprovechando la oportunidad que representa el proceso de crecimiento que la empresa atraviesa, es relevante el aporte de conceptos de la administración del capital de trabajo, que puedan ayudar en la toma de decisiones financieras en el corto plazo y agregar valor al desempeño de la misma.Fil: Lascano, Marcos D. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina

The Effects of Cultivation Site on Forage Quality of Calliandra calothyrsus var. Patulul

An in vitro experiment was performed to compare the forage quality of foliage of Calliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus Meissner var. Patulul) cultivated on either low or medium-fertility soils in Colombia and Kenya, respectively. A grass-alone diet, with and without urea supplementation, and five legume-supplemented diets (1/3 of dietary dry matter) were tested with the rumen simulation technique (Rusitec) (n=4). The legume supplements consisted of Cratylia (Cratylia argentea), Calliandra from Colombia or Kenya, or 1:1 mixtures of Cratylia with Calliandra Colombia or Kenya. The tannin content of Calliandra Colombia was almost twice as high as that of Calliandra Kenya. Supplementation with urea or Cratylia alone, but not with Calliandra alone, increased ammonia concentration in the fermenter fluid. Unlike Calliandra Colombia, Calliandra Kenya in mixture with Cratylia increased ammonia concentration. The apparent degradation of organic matter increased with all types of supplementation, except with Calliandra Colombia alone. Although the foliage of Calliandra from the two cultivation sites had similar contents of organic matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre, they differed in␣nearly all fermentation properties. The material from Kenya showed a higher apparent nutrient degradability. These results indicate that C. calothyrsus var. Patulul cultivated at the Kenyan site had a clearly higher forage quality than foliage from the same variety cultivated in Colombia. However, both materials had a much lower forage quality than Cratylia. The Cratylia-related effects on ruminal fermentation were mainly the results of an increased supply of fermentable nitrogenous compounds as was obvious from the comparison with the urea-supplemented gras

Experimental And Theoretical Analysis Of The Goswami Cycle Operating At Low Temperature Heat Sources

The Goswami cycle is a cycle that combines an ammonia-water vapor absorption cycle and a Rankine cycle for cooling and mechanical power purposes by using thermal heat sources such as solar energy or geothermal steam. In this paper, a theoretical investigation was conducted to determine the performance outputs of the cycle, namely, net mechanical power, cooling, effective first law efficiency and exergy efficiency, for a boiler and an absorber temperature of 85 °C and 35 °C, respectively, and different boiler pressures and ammonia-water concentrations. In addition, an experimental investigation was carried out to verify the predicted trends of theoretical analysis and evaluate the performance of a modified scroll expander. The theoretical analysis showed that maximum effective first law and exergy efficiencies were 7.2% and 45%, respectively. The experimental tests showed that the scroll expander reached a 30-40% of efficiency when boiler temperature was 85 °C and rectifier temperature was 55 °C. Finally, it was obtained that superheated inlet conditions improved the efficiency of the modified expander

Effect of the tropical tannin-rich shrub legumes Calliandra calothyrsus and Flemingia macrophylla on methane emission and nitrogen and energy balance in growing lambs

The objective of this study was to test whether the use of tannin-rich shrub legume forage is advantageous for methane mitigation and metabolic protein supply at unchanged energy supply when supplemented in combination with tannin-free legumes to sheep. In a 6 × 6 Latin-square design, foliage of two tannin-rich shrub legume species (Calliandra calothyrsus and Flemingia macrophylla) were used to replace either 1/3 or 2/3, respectively, of a herbaceous high-quality legume (Vigna unguiculata) in a diet composed of the tropical grass Brachiaria brizantha and Vigna in a ratio of 0.55 : 0.45. A Brachiaria-only diet served as the negative control. Each experimental period lasted for 28 days, with week 3 serving for balance measurement and data collection inclusive of a 2-day stay of the sheep in open-circuit respiration chambers for measurement of gaseous exchange. While Vigna supplementation improved protein and energy utilisation, the response to the partial replacement with tannin-rich legumes was less clear. The apparent total tract digestibilities of organic matter, NDF and ADF were reduced when the tannin-rich plants partially replaced Vigna, and the dose-response relationships were mainly linear. The tannin-rich plants caused the expected redistribution of more faecal N in relation to urinary N. While Flemingia addition still led to a net body N retention, even when fed at the higher proportion, adding higher amounts of Calliandra resulted in body protein mobilisation in the growing lambs. With respect to energy, supplementation of Vigna alone improved utilisation, while this effect was absent when a tannin-rich plant was added. The inclusion of the tannin-rich plants reduced methane emission per day and per unit of feed and energy intake by up to 24% relative to the Vigna-only-supplemented diet, but this seems to have been mostly the result of a reduced organic matter and fibre digestion. In conclusion, Calliandra seems less apt as protein supplement for ruminants while Flemingia could partially replace a high-quality legume in tropical livestock systems. However, methane mitigation would be small due to associated reductions in N and energy retentio

Dryland cropping systems influence the microbial biomass and enzyme activities in a semiarid sandy soil

Indicators of soil quality, such as microbial biomass C and N (MBC, MBN) and enzyme activities (EAs), involved in C, P, N, and S cycling, as affected by dryland cropping systems under conventional (ct) and no tillage (nt) practices were evaluated for 5 years. The soil is sandy loam with an average of 16.4% clay, 67.6% sand, and 0.65 g kg−1 OM at 0– 10 cm. The crops evaluated were rotations of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) or forage sorghum (also called haygrazer), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), and winter rye (Secale cereale): grain sorghum–cotton (Srg–Ct), cotton–winter rye– sorghum (Ct–Rye–Srg), and forage sorghum–winter rye (Srf– Rye). The tillage treatments did not affect soil MB and EAs of C cycling (i.e., β-glucosidase, β-glucosaminidase, α- galactosidase), P cycling (alkaline phosphatase, phosphodiesterase), and S cycling (arylsulfatase)—except for separation due to tillage for Srf–Rye and Ct–Rye–Srg observed in PCA plots when all EAs were evaluated together. After 3 years, rotations with a winter cover crop history (Ct–Rye–Srg and Srf–Rye) enhanced soil MBN (up to 63%) and EAs (21-37%) compared to Srg–Ct. After 5 years, Srg–Ct and Ct–Rye–Srg showed similar soil MBC, MBN, EAs, total carbon (TC), and organic carbon (OC). A comparison of Srg–Ct plots with nearby continuous cotton (Ct–Ct) research plots in the same soil revealed that it took 5 years to detect higher TC (12%), MBC (38%), and EAs (32–36%, depending on the enzyme) under Srg–Ct. The significant improvements in MB and EAs found, as affected by dryland cropping systems with a history of winter cover crops and/or higher biomass return crops than cotton, can represent changes in soil OM, nutrient cycling, and C sequestration for sandy soils in the semiarid Texas High Plains region. It is significant that these soil changes occurred despite summer crop failure (2003 and 2006) and lack of winter cover crops (2006) due to lack of precipitation in certain years

Flipped classroom aplicado a prácticas de laboratorio de la asignatura “Ampliación de Ciencia de Materiales”

[ES] El cambio de metodología de enseñanza que se realizó en las prácticas de laboratorio de la asignatura “Ampliación de ciencia de materiales” fue con el propósito de sacar ventaja de las peculiaridades que presenta el grupo, es decir un número reducido de estudiantes y tiempo de dedicación tanto dentro de clase como fuera de ella, factores que permitieron un mejor control del proceso de enseñanza. El proceso de aprendizaje al que fue expuesto este grupo de estudiante retó la capacidad innata que tiene el ser humano al autoaprendizaje y a descubrir cómo superar sus puntos débiles, sacando el mayor provecho al tiempo disponible de estudio, es decir, asimilando la mayoría cantidad de información con una mínima inversión de tiempo. La evaluación realizada durante todo el proceso fue satisfactoria no solo para el estudiante reflejadas en las calificaciones obtenidas, sino también para el tutor que pudo observar cómo evolucionó el interés de los estudiantes al envolverse cada vez más en el contenido de las prácticas, siendo notable en las prácticas finales.[EN] The new teaching methodology carried out in the laboratory class of the subject “Ampliación de ciencia de materiales” was used to take advantage of the peculiarities of the student group, that is in fact, it is a reduced number of students and great dedication time both in-class and out-class, factors that allowed better overall control of the process. The learning process to which the group of students was exposed challenged the innate capacity of the human being to self learn and to discover how to overcome their weak points, making the most of the available study time, that is, assimilating most of the information in less time. The evaluation carried out throughout the process was satisfactory not only for the student showed in the grades obtained, but also for the teacher in charge who could observe how the interest of the students evolved as they became increasingly involved in the content of the practice, being remarkable in the final class.Lascano, D.; Sánchez-Nacher, L.; Fombuena, V.; Rojas-Lema, S.; Montañés, N. (2021). Flipped classroom aplicado a prácticas de laboratorio de la asignatura “Ampliación de Ciencia de Materiales”. En IN-RED 2020: VI Congreso de Innovación Educativa y Docencia en Red. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 218-223. https://doi.org/10.4995/INRED2020.2020.11976OCS21822

Oral cysteamine as an adjunct treatment in cystic fibrosis pulmonary exacerbations: An exploratory randomized clinical trial

Background Emerging data suggests a possible role for cysteamine as an adjunct treatment for pulmonary exacerbations of cystic fibrosis (CF) that continue to be a major clinical challenge. There are no studies investigating the use of cysteamine in pulmonary exacerbations of CF. This exploratory randomized clinical trial was conducted to answer the question: In future pivotal trials of cysteamine as an adjunct treatment in pulmonary exacerbations of CF, which candidate cysteamine dosing regimens should be tested and which are the most appropriate, clinically meaningful outcome measures to employ as endpoints? Methods and findings Multicentre double-blind randomized clinical trial. Adults experiencing a pulmonary exacerbation of CF being treated with standard care that included aminoglycoside therapy were randomized equally to a concomitant 14-day course of placebo, or one of 5 dosing regimens of cysteamine. Outcomes were recorded on days 0, 7, 14 and 21 and included sputum bacterial load and the patient reported outcome measures (PROMs): Chronic Respiratory Infection Symptom Score (CRISS), the Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire–Revised (CFQ-R); FEV1, blood leukocyte count, and inflammatory markers. Eighty nine participants in fifteen US and EU centres were randomized, 78 completed the 14-day treatment period. Cysteamine had no significant effect on sputum bacterial load, however technical difficulties limited interpretation. The most consistent findings were for cysteamine 450mg twice daily that had effects additional to that observed with placebo, with improved symptoms, CRISS additional 9.85 points (95% CI 0.02, 19.7) p = 0.05, reduced blood leukocyte count by 2.46x109 /l (95% CI 0.11, 4.80), p = 0.041 and reduced CRP by geometric mean 2.57 nmol/l (95% CI 0.15, 0.99), p = 0.049. Conclusion In this exploratory study cysteamine appeared to be safe and well-tolerated. Future pivotal trials investigating the utility of cysteamine in pulmonary exacerbations of CF need to include the cysteamine 450mg doses and CRISS and blood leukocyte count as outcome measures. Clinical trial registration NCT03000348; www.clinicaltrials.gov

Ethnicity and Cutaneous Melanoma in the City of Sao Paulo, Brazil: A Case-Control Study

Background: Over the last century the incidence of cutaneous melanoma has increased worldwide, a trend that has also been observed in Brazil. The identified risk factors for melanoma include the pattern of sun exposure, family history, and certain phenotypic features. In addition, the incidence of melanoma might be influenced by ethnicity. Like many countries, Brazil has high immigration rates and consequently a heterogenous population. However, Brazil is unique among such countries in that the ethnic heterogeneity of its population is primarily attributable to admixture. This study aimed to evaluate the contribution of European ethnicity to the risk of cutaneous melanoma in Brazil. Methodology/Principal Findings: We carried out a hospital-based case-control study in the metropolitan area of Sao Paulo, Brazil. We evaluated 424 hospitalized patients (202 melanoma patients and 222 control patients) regarding phenotypic features, sun exposure, and number of grandparents born in Europe. Through multivariate logistic regression analysis, we found the following variables to be independently associated with melanoma: grandparents born in Europe-Spain (OR = 3.01, 95% CI: 1.03-8.77), Italy (OR = 3.47, 95% CI: 1.41-8.57), a Germanic/Slavic country (OR = 3.06, 95% CI: 1.05-8.93), or >= 2 European countries (OR = 2.82, 95% CI: 1.06-7.47); eye color-light brown (OR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.14-3.84) and green/blue (OR = 4.62; 95% CI 2.22-9.58); pigmented lesion removal (OR = 3.78; 95% CI: 2.21-6.49); no lifetime sunscreen use (OR = 3.08; 95% CI: 1.03-9.22); and lifetime severe sunburn (OR = 1.81; 95% CI: 1.03-3.19). Conclusions: Our results indicate that European ancestry is a risk factor for cutaneous melanoma. Such risk appears to be related not only to skin type, eye color, and tanning capacity but also to others specific characteristics of European populations introduced in the New World by European immigrants.Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo - FAPESP [06-52041-9, 5-56069-2]Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico - Brasil (National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development - Brazil) - CNPq [478239/03-3]Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico Brasil (National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development Brazil) CNP