Intersection Graph of a Module

Let $V$ be a left $R$-module where $R$ is a (not necessarily commutative) ring with unit. The intersection graph \cG(V) of proper $R$-submodules of $V$ is an undirected graph without loops and multiple edges defined as follows: the vertex set is the set of all proper $R$-submodules of $V,$ and there is an edge between two distinct vertices $U$ and $W$ if and only if $U\cap W\neq 0.$ We study these graphs to relate the combinatorial properties of \cG(V) to the algebraic properties of the $R$-module $V.$ We study connectedness, domination, finiteness, coloring, and planarity for \cG (V). For instance, we find the domination number of \cG (V). We also find the chromatic number of \cG(V) in some cases. Furthermore, we study cycles in \cG(V), and complete subgraphs in \cG (V) determining the structure of $V$ for which \cG(V) is planar

Modeling the Drying Kinetics of Green Bell Pepper in a Heat Pump Assisted Fluidized Bed Dryer

In this research, green bell pepper was dried in a pilot plant fluidized bed dryer equipped with a heat pump humidifier using three temperatures of 40, 50 and 60C and two airflow velocities of 2 and 3m/s in constant air moisture. Three modeling methods including nonlinear regression technique, Fuzzy Logic and Artificial Neural Networks were applied to investigate drying kinetics for the sample. Among the mathematical models, Midilli model with R=0.9998 and root mean square error (RMSE)=0.00451 showed the best fit with experimental data. Feed-Forward-Back-Propagation network with Levenberg-Marquardt training algorithm, hyperbolic tangent sigmoid transfer function, training cycle of 1,000 epoch and 2-5-1 topology, deserving R=0.99828 and mean square error (MSE)=5.5E-05, was determined as the best neural model. Overall, Neural Networks method was much more precise than two other methods in prediction of drying kinetics and control of drying parameters for green bell pepper. Practical Applications: This article deals with different modeling approaches and their effectiveness and accuracy for predicting changes in the moisture ratio of green bell pepper enduring fluidized bed drying, which is one of the most concerning issues in food factories involved in drying fruits and vegetables. This research indicates that although efficiency of mathematical modeling, Fuzzy Logic controls and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) were all acceptable, the modern prediction methods of Fuzzy Logic and especially ANNs were more productive and precise. Besides, this report compares our findings with previous ones carried out with the view of predicting moisture quotients of other food crops during miscellaneous drying procedures. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Phase Diagram of the One Dimensional S=1/2S=1/2 XXZXXZ model with Ferromagnetic nearest-neighbor and Antiferromagnetic next-nearest neighbor interactions

We have studied the phase diagram of the one dimensional $S=1/2$ $XXZ$ model with ferromagnetic nearest-neighbor and antiferromagnetic next-nearest neighbor interactions. We have applied the quantum renormalization group (QRG) approach to get the stable fixed points and the running of coupling constants. The second order QRG has been implemented to get the self similar Hamiltonian. This model shows a rich phase diagram which consists of different phases which possess the quantum spin-fluid and dimer phases in addition to the classical N\'{e}el and ferromagnetic ones. The border between different phases has been shown as a projection onto two different planes in the phase space

Microencapsulation optimization of natural anthocyanins with maltodextrin, gum Arabic and gelatin

The barberry (Berberis vulgaris) extract which is a rich source of anthocyanins was used for spray drying encapsulation with three different wall materials, i.e., combination of maltodextrin and gum Arabic (MD + GA), maltodextrin and gelatin (MD + GE), and maltodextrin (MD). Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was applied for optimization of microencapsulation efficiency and physical properties of encapsulated powders considering wall material type as well as different ratios of core to wall materials as independent variables. Physical characteristics of spray-dried powders were investigated by further analyses of moisture content, hygroscopicity, degree of caking, solubility, bulk and absolute density, porosity, flowability and microstructural evaluation of encapsulated powders. Our results indicated that samples produced with MD + GA as wall materials represented the highest process efficiency and best powder quality; the optimum conditions of microencapsulation process for barberry anthocyanins were found to be the wall material content and anthocyanin load of 24.54 and 13.82, respectively. Under such conditions, the microencapsulation efficiency (ME) of anthocyanins could be as high as 92.83. © 2016 Elsevier B.V

Non-western contexts: the invisible half

Like many other disciplines within the broad area of social sciences (e.g., anthropology, gender studies, psychology, sociology, etc.), consumer research is also highly navigated by scholars from Western countries. This, however, does not mean, by any means, that consumer research is devoted to studying Western contexts only. As evident from the ever-increasing number of regional conferences (e.g., Asia-Pacific and Latin American conferences of the Association for Consumer Research) and non-Western students' enrolment in doctoral programs at Western universities, there are many more researchers (from non-Western countries) who are entering the field and enriching it by their colourful contributions. Yet, given the low number of publications on consumer research in non-Western contexts, it seems that our current knowledge in these societies has a long way to go to flourish. More specifically, and in the domain of consumption culture research, this gap is even further widened by the fact that the culture of consumption in such contexts is largely interpreted with reference to the 'grand narratives' of Western scholars (e.g., Foucault, Mafessoli, Bourdieu, Deleuze, Baudrillard, Nietzsche, Durkheim, Derrida, etc.). Therefore, from an ontological perspective, it seems that our existing knowledge about non-Western societies lies heavily on the 'theoretical structures' that are 'constructed' by Western philosophy as a set of ideas, beliefs, and practices (Said, 1978). As Belk (1995) reminds us, consumption culture always existed in all human societies. What makes contemporary societies different from that of our predecessors' is not the fact that consumption culture did not exist in those societies, but that consumption culture has become a prevailing feature in modern society (Slater, 1997; Lury, 1996; Fırat and Venkatesh, 1995; McCracken, 1988). Therefore, the nature and dynamics of consumption culture in each society should be studied not only against the sociocultural, historical, and economic background of a given context (Western or non-Western) but also with reference to the philosophical and epistemological viewpoints that analyse and interpret cultural practices of that society from within that culture. Addressing such issues, this paper discusses some of the key reasons for lack of theory development in the field from non-western contexts. The paper invites scholars in non-Western contexts to introduce the less articulated, and sometime hidden, body of knowledge from their own contexts into the field of marketing in general and consumer research in particular

Uncertainty in the Fluctuations of the Price of Stocks

We report on a study of the Tehran Price Index (TEPIX) from 2001 to 2006 as an emerging market that has been affected by several political crises during the recent years, and analyze the non-Gaussian probability density function (PDF) of the log returns of the stocks' prices. We show that while the average of the index did not fall very much over the time period of the study, its day-to-day fluctuations strongly increased due to the crises. Using an approach based on multiplicative processes with a detrending procedure, we study the scale-dependence of the non-Gaussian PDFs, and show that the temporal dependence of their tails indicates a gradual and systematic increase in the probability of the appearance of large increments in the returns on approaching distinct critical time scales over which the TEPIX has exhibited maximum uncertainty.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures. Accepted to appear in IJMP

Neutral triplet Collective Mode as a new decay channel in Graphite

In an earlier work we predicted the existence of a neutral triplet collective mode in undoped graphene and graphite [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 89} (2002) 16402]. In this work we study a phenomenological Hamiltonian describing the interaction of tight-binding electrons on honeycomb lattice with such a dispersive neutral triplet boson. Our Hamiltonian is a generalization of the Holstein polaron problem to the case of triplet bosons with non-trivial dispersion all over the Brillouin zone. This collective mode constitutes an important excitation branch which can contribute to the decay rate of the electronic excitations. The presence of such collective mode, modifies the spectral properties of electrons in graphite and undoped graphene. In particular such collective mode, as will be shown in this paper, can account for some part of the missing decay rate in a time-domain measurement done on graphite

Study the Relation between Working Capital System and Profitability in Auto Manufacturing Industry in India

The new economic policy adopted in India in 1991 known as Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization (LPG model). This policy  has been designed to make the Indian economy progressively market oriented and integrate it with the emerging global economy structure. Therefore, in line with this policy it was very indispensable to analyze the working management and some financial ratios in some selected Auto manufacturing companies. The purpose of the study was to analyze the practice of working capital Management and Asset and liquidity ratios in six selected Indian auto manufacturing companies. For this aforementioned study, a time series data for the years 2003- 2012 has been employed and a secondary data from the annual reports of the six companies was solicited. Both qualitative and quantitative paradigms were employed so as to analyze the research. Regarding  the relation between working capital and turnover analysis,  index of  inventory turnover, debtors turnover ratio, total assets turnover ratio and  fixed assets turnover ratio were used. . The minimum inventory turnover ratio chain index among all selected companies  was founded  in Ashok Leyland in 2009-2010 that was 74.60 and  the maximum was  founded in Maruti Suzuki that was  214.76 in 2010-2011. TVS Motor was denoted by the minimum debtors turnover ratio chain index among all selected companies in 2009-2010 that was 55.68 and the maximum debtors turnover ratio chain index was in Maruti Suzuki that was 438.51 in 2010-2011. TVS Motor was denoted by the minimum total assets turnover ratio chain index among all selected companies in 2008-2009  that was 43.15 and the maximum was Ashok Leyland in 2006-2007 that was 176.92. . The minimum fixed assets turnover ratio chain index  among selected companies was  founded in Ashok Leyland in 2009-2010 that was 61.94. The maximum fixed assets turnover ratio chain index among, selected companies was  founded in  Hero MotoCorp in 2005 -2006 that was 174.41. Keywords: Turnover, profitability, “Working capital Auto manufacturing companies”

Variational Iteration Method for a Fractional-Order Brusselator System

This paper presents approximate analytical solutions for the fractional-order Brusselator system using the variational iteration method. The fractional derivatives are described in the Caputo sense. This method is based on the incorporation of the correction functional for the equation. Two examples are solved as illustrations, using symbolic computation. The numerical results show that the introduced approach is a promising tool for solving system of linear and nonlinear fractional differential equations