Compact Deep Aggregation for Set Retrieval

The objective of this work is to learn a compact embedding of a set of descriptors that is suitable for efficient retrieval and ranking, whilst maintaining discriminability of the individual descriptors. We focus on a specific example of this general problem -- that of retrieving images containing multiple faces from a large scale dataset of images. Here the set consists of the face descriptors in each image, and given a query for multiple identities, the goal is then to retrieve, in order, images which contain all the identities, all but one, \etc To this end, we make the following contributions: first, we propose a CNN architecture -- {\em SetNet} -- to achieve the objective: it learns face descriptors and their aggregation over a set to produce a compact fixed length descriptor designed for set retrieval, and the score of an image is a count of the number of identities that match the query; second, we show that this compact descriptor has minimal loss of discriminability up to two faces per image, and degrades slowly after that -- far exceeding a number of baselines; third, we explore the speed vs.\ retrieval quality trade-off for set retrieval using this compact descriptor; and, finally, we collect and annotate a large dataset of images containing various number of celebrities, which we use for evaluation and is publicly released.Comment: 20 page

Mechanical behavior of polycrystals: Coupled in situ DIC-EBSD analysis of pure copper under tensile test

Understanding the mechanisms at the microstructure scale is of great importance for modeling the behavior of materials at different scales. To this end, digital image correlation (DIC) is an effective measurement method for evaluating the strains generated by various loading conditions. The objective of this paper is to describe the experimental setup and the use of high resolution digital image correlation (HRDIC) during in situ Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) tests in order to provide a coupling between polycrystalline modeling and experiment in the near future. The HRDIC technique is used to evaluate the tensile behavior of a pure copper polycrystal at room temperature. Several magnitudes are investigated in order to discuss the representativeness of the results with respect to the macroscopic scale. The selected image correlation parameters are discussed regarding the ability of the technique to define inter- and intra- granular strain heterogeneities. Finally, based on EBSD analyzes, the impact of grain orientation on the mechanical behavior is discussed. The Schmid factor, calculated from a macroscopic stress, appears to be the determining factor concerning the orientation of the location bands. On the other hand, it is not sufficient to define the mean strains in the grains

Cr cluster characterization in Cu-Cr-Zr alloy after ECAP processing and aging using SANS and HAADF-STEM

International audienceThe precipitation of nano-sized Cr clusters was investigated in a commercial Cu-1Cr-0.1Zr (wt.%) alloy processed by Equal-Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) and subsequent aging at 550 °C for 4 hours using small angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements and high-angle annular dark-field-scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM). The size and volume fraction of nano-sized Cr clusters were estimated using both techniques. These parameters assessed from SANS (d~3.2 nm, Fv~1.1 %) agreed reasonably with those from HAADF-STEM (d ~2.5 nm, Fv~2.3%). Besides nano-sized Cr clusters, HAADF-STEM technique evidenced the presence of rare cuboid and spheroid sub-micronic Cr particles about 380-620 nm mean size. Both techniques did not evidence the presence of intermetallic CuxZry phases within the aging conditions

The ReproGenomics Viewer: an integrative cross-species toolbox for the reproductive science community.

International audienceWe report the development of the ReproGenomics Viewer (RGV), a multi-and cross-species working environment for the visualization, mining and comparison of published omics data sets for the reproductive science community. The system currently embeds 15 published data sets related to gametogenesis from nine model organisms. Data sets have been curated and conveniently organized into broad categories including biological topics, technologies, species and publications. RGV's modular design for both organisms and genomic tools enables users to upload and compare their data with that from the data sets embedded in the system in a cross-species manner. The RGV is freely available at http://rgv.genouest.org

Dynamics of the transcriptional landscape during human fetal testis and ovary development

Acknowledgements We thank all members of the SEQanswers forums for helpful advice; Steven Salzberg and Cole Trapnell for continuous support with the ‘Tuxedo’ suite; and the UCSC Genome team members. Sequencing was performed by the GenomEast platform, a member of the ‘France Génomique’ consortium (ANR-10-INBS-0009). We thank Ms Linda Robertson, Ms Margaret Fraser, Ms Samantha Flannigan (University of Aberdeen) and the staff at Grampian NHS Pregnancy Counselling Service and all the staff of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Rennes Sud Hospital for their expert assistance and help, and the participating women, without whom this study would not have been possible. The authors are grateful for Ms Gersende Lacombe and Mr Laurent Deleurme from the Biosit CytomeTri cytometry core facility of Rennes 1 University. Funding French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm); University of Rennes 1; French School of Public Health (EHESP); Swiss National Science Foundation [SNF n° CRS115_171007 to B.J.]; the French National Research Agency [ANR n° 16-CE14-0017-02 and n°18-CE14-0038-02 to F.C]; Medical Research Council [MR/L010011/1 to PAF]; European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) [under grant agreement no 212885 to PAF]; European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme [under grant agreement no 825100 to P.A.F. and S.M.G.].Peer reviewedPostprin

Characterisation and localisation of the endocannabinoid system components in the adult human testis

International audienceHeavy use of cannabis (marijuana) has been associated with decreased semen quality, which may reflect disruption of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in the male reproductive tract by exogenous cannabinoids. Components of ECS have been previously described in human spermatozoa and in the rodent testis but there is little information on the ECS expression within the human testis. In this study we characterised the main components of the ECS by immunohistochemistry (IHC) on archived testis tissue samples from 15 patients, and by in silico analysis of existing transcriptome datasets from testicular cell populations. The presence of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in the human testis was confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization imaging analysis. Endocannabinoid-synthesising enzymes; diacylglycerol lipase (DAGL) and N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD), were detected in germ cells and somatic cells, respectively. The cannabinoid receptors, CNR1 and CNR2 were detected at a low level in post-meiotic germ cells and Leydig- and peritubular cells. Different transcripts encoding distinct receptor isoforms (CB1, CB1A, CB1B and CB2A) were also differentially distributed, mainly in germ cells. The cannabinoid-metabolising enzymes were abundantly present; the α/β-hydrolase domain-containing protein 2 (ABHD2) in all germ cell types, except early spermatocytes, the monoacylglycerol lipase (MGLL) in Sertoli cells, and the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) in late spermatocytes and post-meiotic germ cells. Our findings are consistent with a direct involvement of the ECS in regulation of human testicular physiology, including spermatogenesis and Leydig cell function. The study provides new evidence supporting observations that recreational cannabis can have possible deleterious effects on human testicular function. Author Correction:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-58153-

On the Benefits of Transparent Compression for Cost-Effective Cloud Data Storage

International audienceInfrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) cloud computing has revolutionized the way we think of acquiring computational resources: it allows users to deploy virtual machines (VMs) at large scale and pay only for the resources that were actually used throughout the runtime of the VMs. This new model raises new challenges in the design and development of IaaS middleware: excessive storage costs associated with both user data and VM images might make the cloud less attractive, especially for users that need to manipulate huge data sets and a large number of VM images. Storage costs result not only from storage space utilization, but also from bandwidth consumption: in typical deployments, a large number of data transfers between the VMs and the persistent storage are performed, all under high performance requirements. This paper evaluates the trade-off resulting from transparently applying data compression to conserve storage space and bandwidth at the cost of slight computational overhead. We aim at reducing the storage space and bandwidth needs with minimal impact on data access performance. Our solution builds on BlobSeer, a distributed data management service specifically designed to sustain a high throughput for concurrent accesses to huge data sequences that are distributed at large scale. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our approach achieves large reductions (at least 40%) of bandwidth and storage space utilization, while still attaining high performance levels that even surpass the original (no compression) performance levels in several data-intensive scenarios

Evaluating Multimedia Features and Fusion for Example-Based Event Detection

Multimedia event detection (MED) is a challenging problem because of the heterogeneous content and variable quality found in large collections of Internet videos. To study the value of multimedia features and fusion for representing and learning events from a set of example video clips, we created SESAME, a system for video SEarch with Speed and Accuracy for Multimedia Events. SESAME includes multiple bag-of-words event classifiers based on single data types: low-level visual, motion, and audio features; high-level semantic visual concepts; and automatic speech recognition. Event detection performance was evaluated for each event classifier. The performance of low-level visual and motion features was improved by the use of difference coding. The accuracy of the visual concepts was nearly as strong as that of the low-level visual features. Experiments with a number of fusion methods for combining the event detection scores from these classifiers revealed that simple fusion methods, such as arithmetic mean, perform as well as or better than other, more complex fusion methods. SESAME’s performance in the 2012 TRECVID MED evaluation was one of the best reported

Stratospheric aerosols from the Sarychev volcano eruption in the 2009 Arctic summer

Aerosols from the Sarychev volcano eruption (Kuril Islands, northeast of Japan) were observed in the Arctic lower stratosphere a few days after the strongest SO2 injection which occurred on 15 and 16 June 2009. From the observations provided by the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) an estimated 0.9 Tg of sulphur dioxide was injected into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). The resultant stratospheric sulphate aerosols were detected from satellites by the Optical Spectrograph and Infrared Imaging System (OSIRIS) limb sounder and by the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) and from the surface by the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Changes (NDACC) lidar deployed at OHP (Observatoire de Haute-Provence, France). By the first week of July the aerosol plume had spread out over the entire Arctic region. The Sarychev-induced stratospheric aerosol over the Kiruna region (north of Sweden) was measured by the Stratospheric and Tropospheric Aerosol Counter (STAC) during eight balloon flights planned in August and September 2009. During this balloon campaign the Micro Radiomètre Ballon (MicroRADIBAL) and the Spectroscopie d'Absorption Lunaire pour l'Observation des Minoritaires Ozone et NOx (SALOMON) remote-sensing instruments also observed these aerosols. Aerosol concentrations returned to near-background levels by spring 2010. The effective radius, the surface area density (SAD), the aerosol extinction, and the total sulphur mass from STAC in situ measurements are enhanced with mean values in the range 0.15-0.21 μm, 5.5-14.7 μm2 cm-3, 5.5-29.5 × 10-4 km-1, and 4.9-12.6 × 10-10 kg[S] kg-1[air], respectively, between 14 km and 18 km. The observed and modelled e-folding time of sulphate aerosols from the Sarychev eruption is around 70-80 days, a value much shorter than the 12-14 months calculated for aerosols from the 1991 eruption of Mt Pinatubo. The OSIRIS stratospheric aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 750 nm is enhanced by a factor of 6, with a value of 0.02 in late July compared to 0.0035 before the eruption. The HadGEM2 and MIMOSA model outputs indicate that aerosol layers in polar region up to 14-15 km are largely modulated by stratosphere-troposphere exchange processes. The spatial extent of the Sarychev plume is well represented in the HadGEM2 model with lower altitudes of the plume being controlled by upper tropospheric troughs which displace the plume downward and upper altitudes around 18-20 km, in agreement with lidar observations. Good consistency is found between the HadGEM2 sulphur mass density and the value inferred from the STAC observations, with a maximum located about 1 km above the tropopause ranging from 1 to 2 × 10 -9 kg[S] kg-1[air], which is one order of magnitude higher than the background level. © Author(s) 2013.The authors thank the CNES balloon launching team for successful operations and the Swedish Space Corporation at Esrange. The ETHER database (CNES-INSUCNRS) and the CNES “sous-direction Ballon” are partners of the project. The StraPolEt ´ e project has been funded by the French ´ “Agence Nationale de la Recherche” (ANR-BLAN08-1-31627), the “Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales” (CNES), and the “Institut ´ Polaire Paul-Emile Victor” (IPEV). The AEROWAVE (Aerosols, Water Vapor and Electricity) and the HALOHA (HALOgen in High Altitudes) projects have been funded by the recently created French CNES-INSU Balloon Committee (so-called CSTB). We are grateful to Slimane Bekki and David Cugniet for their constructive comments about the AER-UPMC 2-D model, to Marc-Antoine Drouin for his help about the MIMOSA model, and to the LPC2E technical team for this successful campaign. Jim Haywood and Andy Jones were supported by the Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101). IASI was developed and built under the responsibility of the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES, France). It is flown on board the Metop ´ satellites as part of the EUMETSAT Polar System. The IASI L1 data are received through the EUMETCast near-real-time data distribution service. L. Clarisse is a postdoctoral researcher with FRS-FNRS. We acknowledge the CALIOP team for acquiring and processing data as well as the ICARE team for providing and maintaining the computational facilities to store them. Odin is a Swedish-led satellite project funded jointly by Sweden (SNSB), Canada (CSA), France (CNES), and Finland (Tekes). This study was supported by the French VOLTAIRE Labex (Laboratoire d’Excellence ANR-10-LABX-100-01) managed by the University of Orleans