437 research outputs found
Do envy and compassion pave the way to unhappiness? Social preferences and life satisfaction in a Spanish city
Mounting evidence shows that peopleâs self-reported life satisfaction (LS) is negatively related to income inequality. Under the interpretation that the relationship between macro-level variables and LS reflects individualsâ social preferences, this finding indicates that most people display inequality-averse preferences. We explore the relationship between self-reports on inequality aversion and LS in a citywide representative survey/experiment conducted in Spain. If self-reported well-being can be used to infer peopleâs social preferences, LS should correlate negatively with both âenvyâ and âcompassionâ scores (i.e., how much one suffers from disadvantageous and advantageous inequality, respectively). We find that LS relates negatively to envy but positively to compassion, which would imply that suffering from observing poorer others, paradoxically, increases well-being. Using an incentivized Dictator Game as a measure of generous behavior, we reject the hypothesis that the positive link between compassion and LS is actually driven by generosity. We discuss how these findings could indicate that the way LS is used to assess social preferences in the population should be revised
Shocks and dust survival in nearby active galaxies: implications for the alignment effect
One of the most popular explanations for the so-called alignment effect in
high redshift (z>0.7) radio galaxies is the scattering by dust of the hidden
quasar light. As shown by De Young (1998) a problem with the dust scattering
model is that the short destruction time-scale for dust grains means that they
will not survive the passage of the radio jet.
We investigate the survival of dust in the extended ionised gas of nearby
active galaxies with jet/gas interactions. We discuss the implications on the
alignment effect of high redshift (>0.7) radio galaxies. We conclude that
although shocks are likely to destroy dust grains in regions of interaction,
dust might survive in enough quantities to scatter light from the active
nucleus and produce alignment between scattered light and the radio structures.
We propose an observational test to investigate the existence of dust in
shocked regions based on the sensitivity of calcium to depletion onto dust
grains.Comment: 8 pages, 1 Figure, 3 tables, accepted for publication in MNRA
Activation of stylolites as conduits for overpressured fluid flow in dolomitized platform carbonates
This study investigates the Late Aptian-earliest Albian platform carbonates of the BenicĂ ssim area (Maestrat Basin, Spain) in order to assess the relationship between bed-parallel stylolites and the flow of diagenetic fluids during dolomitization and subsequent hydrothermal alteration. Dolostones and burial dolomite and calcite cements were studied by a combination of field geology and standard petrographic and isotope analysis. Field data indicate that dolostones are closely associated with seismic-scale synsedimentary faults, preferentially replace grain-dominated facies and typically show wavy dolomitizing fronts that mostly correspond to bed-parallel stylolites. The dolostones are corroded and contain bed-parallel pores that are filled with hydrothermal saddle dolomite and blocky calcite cements. This late calcite cement frequently engulfs clasts of the host dolostones, suggesting that hydraulic brecciation likely associated with overpressured fluid occurred. Results indicate that stylolites play a key role in the distribution of dolostones and subsequent hydrothermal mineralization. During the replacement stage, stylolites acted as baffles for the dolomitzing fluids controlling lateral fluid flow and resulting in the stratabound dolostone distribution. During the post-dolomitization stage, stylolites became preferred pathways for overpressured hydrothermal corrosive and mineralizing fluids that likely came from the underlying basement, and increased bed-parallel stylolitic porosity and probably also permeability
Core losses analysis of the LCL filter inductor for SiC-based inverter
The ability of SiC devices to switch at high speed allows increasing significantly the power density in both converters and passive components, reducing their required size. To mitigate harmonic injection form inverters into the grid, in order to comply with power quality standards, an accurate filter design is required. Given its excellent performance, an LCL filter is the configuration most suitable in grid-connected power converters. Several parameters must be considered when designing an effective LCL filter, and the inverter-side inductor assumes a special importance because of its relevance to suppress high frequency harmonic content at the inverter side. One of the most relevant issues to be considered in the process of designing the LCL filter is the evaluation of core losses in the inverter-side inductor, which will determine the final temperature of the inductor. This paper analyses the core losses of the inverter-side inductor of an LCL filter. The proposed method is based on the computation of the current harmonics generated by the inverter and on Steinmetzâs empirical equation. As a result, core losses calculated taking into account several carrier and sideband harmonics show good agreement with the experimental values. When current harmonics are estimated by simulation, as it is done in the proposed design procedure, results are less accurate, but precise enough for a design procedure
Influence of SyncronÂź and NitroactiveÂź on flowering and ripening time in two sweet cherry cultivars
1 Pag. extracted from the Abstracts Book of the International Symposium.In this work, the
influence of SyncronÂź and NitroactiveÂź on flowering and ripening is evaluated in two
sweet cherry cultivars, Earlise and Lapins. A combination of Syncron 2% and
Nitroactive 20% were applied at three dates during dormancy in two consecutive years
with different winter weather conditions.Peer reviewe
Stylolites and stylolite networks as primary controls on the geometry and distribution of carbonate diagenetic alterations
There is ongoing debate on whether stylolites act as barriers, conduits, or play no role in fluid transport. This problem can be tackled by examining the spatial and temporal relationships between stylolites and other diagenetic products at multiple scales. Using the well-known Lower Cretaceous BenicĂ ssim case study area (Maestrat Basin, E. Spain), we provide new field and petrographic observations of how bedding-parallel stylolites can influence different diagenetic processes during basin evolution. The results reveal that stylolites can serve as baffles or inhibitors for different carbonate diagenetic reactions, and act as fronts for dolomitization, dolomite recrystallization and dolomite calcitization processes. Anastomosing stylolites that pre-date burial dolomitization probably acted as a collective baffle for dolomitization fluids in the study area, resulting in stratabound replacement geometries at the metre-to-kilometre scale. The dolomitization front coincides with stylolites, and can be traced along consecutive anastomosing ones. Such anastomosing stylolites are typical of mud-dominated facies that characterize limestone-dolostone transition zones. Conversely, dolostone bodies tend to correspond to more grain-dominated facies characterized by parallel (non-anastomosing) stylolites. Stylolites subsequently acted as fluid flow conduits and barriers when the burial and stress conditions changed. Stylolitic porosity enhanced by dissolution within dolostones close to faults appears filled with saddle dolomite riming the stylolite pore, and high-temperature blocky calcite cements filling the remaining porosity. The fluids responsible for these reactions were likely released from below at high pressure, causing hydraulic brecciation, and were channelised through stylolites, which acted as fluid conduits. Stylolites are also found acting as baffles for subsequent dolomite calcitization reactions during meteoric diagenesis and occasionally appear filled with iron oxides likely released by calcitization. This example demonstrates how the same type of stylolites (bedding-parallel) can act as barriers/inhibitors and/or conduits for different types of diagenetic reactions through time, and how important it is to consider their collective role when they form networks
First detection of the 448 GHz H2O transition in space
We present the first detection of the ortho-H2O 4_23-3_30 transition at 448
GHz in space. We observed this transition in the local (z = 0.010) luminous
infrared (IR) galaxy ESO 320-G030 (IRAS F11506-3851) using the Atacama Large
Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). The water 4_23-3_30 emission, which
originates in the highly obscured nucleus of this galaxy, is spatially resolved
over a region of ~65 pc in diameter and shows a regular rotation pattern
compatible with the global molecular and ionized gas kinematics. The line
profile is symmetric and well fitted by a Gaussian with an integrated flux of
37.0 +- 0.7 Jy km s-1 . Models predict this water transition as a potential
collisionally excited maser transition. On the contrary, in this galaxy, we
find that the 4_23-3_30 emission is primarily excited by the intense far-IR
radiation field present in its nucleus. According to our modeling, this
transition is a probe of deeply buried galaxy nuclei thanks to the high dust
optical depths (tau_100{\mu}m > 1, N_H > 1e24 cm-2) required to efficiently
excite it.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A Letters; 4 pages, 5 figure
Advances in bimodal AFM imaging of molecules in Liquid
Conferencia invitada presentada en la 14th International Conference on Noncontact AFM, celebrada en Lindau (Alemania).Improving spatial resolution, data acquisition times and material properties imaging
are some long established goals in atomic force microscopy (AFM). Currently, the most
promising approaches to reach those goals involve the excitation and detection of several
frequencies of the tipâs oscillation. Usually those frequencies are associated with either the
higher harmonics of the oscillation or the eigenmodes of the cantilever.
Bimodal AFM is an emerging multifrequency technique that is characterized by a high signal-to-noise ratio and
the versatility to measure simultaneously different forces. The method is also compatible
with molecular resolution imaging under the application of sub-50 pN peak forces.Peer Reviewe
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