Evaluación de la emisión de CO2 y CH4 producto del cambio de uso forestal a agrícola

El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la emisión de CO2 y CH4 en un uso agrícola y forestal en función dela variación de las propiedades físicas, químicas y microbiológicas, dentro de un periodo de muestreo de seis meses, llevada a cabo en la granja experimental Botana de la Universidad de Nariño en la vereda Catambuco, región en la cual es común la perdida de cobertura boscosa por deforestación a favor de actividades agrícolas sin tener en cuenta la vocación natural del suelo. Se desarrolló un análisis de las propiedades físicas y químicas consideradas más relevantes: textura, densidad aparente y real, porosidad, humedad gravimétrica, retención hídrica, pH, materia orgánica (MO), carbono orgánico (CO), capacidad de intercambio catiónico (CIC), la identificación taxonómica de las especies bacterianas presentes y la cuantificación de CO2 Y CH4 mediante cámaras fijas y análisis cromatográfico; donde se aplicó una comparación de medias independientes y por medio de una prueba T-student se determinó que los datos muestran una diferencia significativa entre las variables de un uso y otro, demostrando cómo la alteración de las características naturales del suelo lleva a la determinación dela función del suelo como sumidero o emisor de gases de efecto invernadero, permitiendo afirmar, que el suelo agrícola emite en promedio mayor cantidad de GEI (0,135 Kg.ha.día CH4,42Kg.ha.día de CO2) en comparación a uso forestal (0,08Kg.ha.día CH4,18,5Kg.ha.día de CO2) el cual funciona como sumidero de este tipo de gases por las propiedades naturales intactas con las que cuenta

Green Criminology Before ‘Green Criminology’: Amnesia and Absences

Although the first published use of the term ‘green criminology’ seems to have been made by Lynch (Green criminology. Aldershot, Hampshire, 1990/2006), elements of the analysis and critique represented by the term were established well before this date. There is much criminological engagement with, and analysis of, environmental crime and harm that occurred prior to 1990 that deserves acknowledgement. In this article, we try to illuminate some of the antecedents of green criminology. Proceeding in this way allows us to learn from ‘absences’, i.e. knowledge that existed but has been forgotten. We conclude by referring to green criminology not as an exclusionary label or barrier but as a symbol that guides and inspires the direction of research

Meta-analysis of type 2 Diabetes in African Americans Consortium

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is more prevalent in African Americans than in Europeans. However, little is known about the genetic risk in African Americans despite the recent identification of more than 70 T2D loci primarily by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in individuals of European ancestry. In order to investigate the genetic architecture of T2D in African Americans, the MEta-analysis of type 2 DIabetes in African Americans (MEDIA) Consortium examined 17 GWAS on T2D comprising 8,284 cases and 15,543 controls in African Americans in stage 1 analysis. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) association analysis was conducted in each study under the additive model after adjustment for age, sex, study site, and principal components. Meta-analysis of approximately 2.6 million genotyped and imputed SNPs in all studies was conducted using an inverse variance-weighted fixed effect model. Replications were performed to follow up 21 loci in up to 6,061 cases and 5,483 controls in African Americans, and 8,130 cases and 38,987 controls of European ancestry. We identified three known loci (TCF7L2, HMGA2 and KCNQ1) and two novel loci (HLA-B and INS-IGF2) at genome-wide significance (4.15 × 10(-94)<P<5 × 10(-8), odds ratio (OR)  = 1.09 to 1.36). Fine-mapping revealed that 88 of 158 previously identified T2D or glucose homeostasis loci demonstrated nominal to highly significant association (2.2 × 10(-23) < locus-wide P<0.05). These novel and previously identified loci yielded a sibling relative risk of 1.19, explaining 17.5% of the phenotypic variance of T2D on the liability scale in African Americans. Overall, this study identified two novel susceptibility loci for T2D in African Americans. A substantial number of previously reported loci are transferable to African Americans after accounting for linkage disequilibrium, enabling fine mapping of causal variants in trans-ethnic meta-analysis studies.Peer reviewe

Sustentación de grado: Medición de la dosis equivalente en órganos torácicos debido a estudios tomográficos mediante el diseño y construcción 3D de un fantoma de tórax

Sustentación de grado: Medición de la dosis equivalente en órganos torácicos debido estudios tomográficos mediante el diseño y construcción 3D de un fantoma de tórax dirigida por las estudiantes de pregrado Karol Fabiana Goyes Acosta y Sharik Daniela Delgado Meza con la línea investigativa de Física médica radiológic

Influence of environmental factors and body condition on the post-oviposition behavior in the emerald glass frog Espadarana prosoblepon (Centrolenidae)

In species with parental care behaviors, parents may adjust the intensity and duration of their care if fluctuation in factors such as environmental variables or body condition affects offspring survival. In the face of environmental changes, many egg-laying species remain with their clutch for extended periods if this behavioral adjustment provides tangible benefits to the offspring. However, the length of time parents stay with the offspring may also differ depending on the individual’s body condition. In the glass frog family (Centrolenidae), several species exhibit long-term egg attendance in which they remain with their clutch for several days after oviposition takes place. For some of them, changes in environmental variables lead to increased parental care efforts. For the species in which parents remain with their offspring for a short period (less than 24 hours), it is less clear if this constitutes parenting behavior, and whether parents adjust their efforts as a function of environmental change or the parent’s body condition remains unexplored. We studied a population of the Emerald Glass Frog, Espadarana prosoblepon, a species that exhibits a short period of quiescence after oviposition (less than three hours). Our study aimed to determine whether females alter the length of their post-oviposition quiescence period in response to changes in environmental variables (i.e., temperature, humidity, rainfall, and mean wind speed) or female body condition. Pairs in amplexus were captured in the field and transported to semi-natural enclosures to record the duration of post-oviposition quiescence using infrared cameras. Females’ post-oviposition quiescence lasted an average of 67.4 ± 26.6 min (range = 22.7–158.3 min). We did not find a significant relationship between the duration of the post-oviposition quiescence and any of the environmental variables tested. Similarly, post-oviposition quiescence duration was not influenced by female body condition. Because the variation observed in the duration of post-oviposition quiescence was not related to changes in extrinsic (environmental) or intrinsic (body condition) factors, we found no evidence that females of E. prosoblepon modify their post-oviposition behavior in response to any of the variables examined in this study. Future research investigating the adaptive significance of the post-oviposition quiescence observed in this species is needed to understand how this behavior is related to parental care efforts

Systemic lupus erythematosus, a disease conditioned by the environment

9 páginasSystemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease that involves several systems, affects mainly young adult women, and causes a significant deterioration in quality of life. Different environmental aspects are known to facilitate the development of lupus in predisposed individuals. For several years it has been known that factors such as exposure to UV rays are related to the development of lupus; however, due to factors inherent to globalization, life-style changes, improved knowledge of cell signaling pathways as well as a better understanding of metabolomics, proteomics an genomics, it has been possible to better understand the relationship between cells and their environment. This study based on a narrative review, compiles the existing evidence on different risk factors and the development of lupus, including aspects typical of the Colombian population.El lupus eritematoso sistémico es una enfermedad autoinmune que compromete diferentes sistemas, afecta principalmente a mujeres adultas jóvenes y genera un deterioro significativo de la calidad de vida. Es bien conocido que diferentes aspectos relacionados con la calidad de vida facilitan el desarrollo del lupus en individuos predispuestos. Desde hace varios años se sabe que factores tales como la exposición a los rayos ultravioleta se relacionan con el desarrollo de lupus; sin embargo, debido a factores inherentes a la globalización, a los cambios en los hábitos, a un mayor conocimiento de las vías de señalización celular, así como a una mayor comprensión de la metabolómica, la proteómica y la genómica, ha sido posible entender mejor la relación entre las células y su medio ambiente. En el presente estudio reunimos, a través de una revisión narrativa, la evidencia actual sobre diferentes factores de riesgo y el desarrollo del lupus, incluyendo aspectos típicos de la población colombiana

Pharmacological Therapy of Pruritus in Primary Biliary Cholangitis A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

Medina-Morales E, Bernal RB, Gerger H, et al. Pharmacological Therapy of Pruritus in Primary Biliary Cholangitis A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology . 2023;57(2):143-152.Goals: We aim to summarize the current management of pruritus in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) by evaluating the efficacy and safety of pharmacological therapies. Background: Pruritus is a common symptom of PBC, and evidence regarding the most effective antipruritic agents available is lacking. New pharmacotherapy for PBC has shown promising antipruritic effects. Study: We performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis including all available double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials that evaluated the efficacy of pharmacotherapy for the symptomatic management of pruritus in PBC. Pruritus was assessed as either a change from baseline or a postintervention score. Results: We included 33 studies and 20 medications. Using the visual analog scale, cholestyramine did not significantly improve pruritus compared with placebo [standardized mean differences (SMD): −0.94, 95% CI: −2.05 to 0.17], whereas rifampin and nalfurafine hydrochloride both significantly improved pruritus (SMD: −3.29, 95% CI: −5.78 to −0.80; n=23 and SMD: −0.58, 95% CI: −1.04 to −0.12). In addition, Bezafibrate and linerixibat significantly improved pruritus (SMD: −1.05, 95% CI: −1.41 to −0.68; n=110 and SMD: −0.31, 95% CI: −0.62 to −0.04, respectively). This effect was also present within the subgroup analysis by pruritus scale, where both bezafibrate and linerixibat significantly improved pruritus compared with placebo (SMD: −1.09, 95% CI: −1.54 to −0.65; P<0.001; visual analog scale; as postintervention score and SMD: −0.31, 95% CI: −0.62 to −0.01; P=0.04; numeric rating scale; as a change from baseline score, respectively). Conclusions: Bezafibrate and Linerixibat are potential second-line antipruritic medications for PBC, particularly those with moderate to severe pruritus. Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic, immune-mediated liver disease characterized by destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts, and is associated with numerous extrahepatic complications.1 Approximately 60% to 70% of patients diagnosed with PBC experience pruritus at some point during their disease course, and nearly 35% have refractory pruritus.2 Pruritus can lead to sleep deprivation, fatigue, and emotional disturbances including depression and suicidal ideation, all of which leads to lower health-related quality of life (HRQoL).3 Successful symptomatic treatment of pruritus can improve patients’ quality of life, and is an essential component of the overall management of PBC. Treatment options for pruritus in patients with PBC are limited. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has been shown to favorably alter the natural history of PBC, but its effect on pruritus has not been proven.4 To achieve improved control of pruritus in patients with cholestasis, the American Association for the Study of Liver Disease (AASLD) and the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) recommend a step-wise pharmacological approach. Cholestyramine is considered/first-line therapy for pruritus. Rifampin, naltrexone, and sertraline are all recommended as potential second-line options.4,5 However, these medications lack adequate efficacy for the treatment of pruritus, and have unfavorable side effect profiles, which have prompted additional studies exploring novel treatment options. Novel medications have expanded the potential treatment options for the management of symptomatic pruritus in PBC. Ileal bile acid transport (IBAT) inhibitors and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists have both shown promising results in recent studies.6–9 Other novel therapeutics have also been studied. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of all randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) studying antipruritic medications used in PBC patients

Pharmacological Therapy of Pruritus in Primary Biliary Cholangitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

Goals: We aim to summarize the current management of pruritus in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) by evaluating the efficacy and safety of pharmacological therapies. Background: Pruritus is a common symptom of PBC, and evidence regarding the most effective antipruritic agents available is lacking. New pharmacotherapy for PBC has shown promising antipruritic effects. Study: We performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis including all available double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials that evaluated the efficacy of pharmacotherapy for the symptomatic management of pruritus in PBC. Pruritus was assessed as either a change from baseline or a postintervention score. Results: We included 33 studies and 20 medications. Using the visual analog scale, cholestyramine did not significantly improve pruritus compared with placebo [standardized mean differences (SMD): -0.94, 95% CI: -2.05 to 0.17], whereas rifampin and nalfurafine hydrochloride both significantly improved pruritus (SMD: -3.29, 95% CI: -5.78 to -0.80; n=23 and SMD: -0.58, 95% CI: -1.04 to -0.12). In addition, Bezafibrate and linerixibat significantly improved pruritus (SMD: -1.05, 95% CI: -1.41 to -0.68; n=110 and SMD: -0.31, 95% CI: -0.62 to -0.04, respectively). This effect was also present within the subgroup analysis by pruritus scale, where both bezafibrate and linerixibat significantly improved pruritus compared with placebo (SMD: -1.09, 95% CI: -1.54 to -0.65; P<0.001; visual analog scale; as postintervention score and SMD: -0.31, 95% CI: -0.62 to -0.01; P=0.04; numeric rating scale; as a change from baseline score, respectively). Conclusions: Bezafibrate and Linerixibat are potential second-line antipruritic medications for PBC, particularly those with moderate to severe pruritus