Understanding the need for novelty from the perspective of self-determination theory

A fundamental tenet of self-determination theory is that the satisfaction of three basic, innate psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness is necessary for optimal functioning. The aim of this research was to propose novelty as a basic psychological need in self-determination theory and develop a new measure to assess novelty need satisfaction, the Novelty Need Satisfaction Scale (NNSS). Two studies were performed, one at the global lifestyle level (Study 1: general adults, N = 399, Mage = 31.30 years) and the other at a contextual level in physical education (Study 2: first-year post-compulsory secondary school students, N = 1035, Mage = 16.20 years). Participants completed the NNSS alongside measures of psychological needs and regulation styles from self-determination theory and psychological well-being. The six-item NNSS showed adequate psychometric properties and discriminant validity with other psychological needs in both studies. Novelty need satisfaction predicted life satisfaction (Study 1) and intrinsic motivation in physical education (Study 2) independent of the other three psychological needs. Results provide preliminary evidence that need for novelty is a unique candidate need alongside existing needs from self-determination theory, but further confirmatory and experimental research is required

Agentes sociales de la comunidad educativa, satisfacción de novedad y actividad física

Apoyado en la teoría de la autodeterminación (TAD), este estudio tuvo por objetivo investigar si la percepción de los estudiantes de un apoyo a la autonomía para adoptar un estilo de vida saludable por parte del tutor de clase, padres, compañeros y docente de educación física se relacionaba con la práctica de actividad física moderada-vigorosa (AFMV). Se analizó también el papel que jugaban en esta relación la percepción de la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas, la satisfacción de la necesidad de novedad y la motivación autodeterminada para adoptar un estilo de vida saludable. Participaron 215 estudiantes, 107 chicos y 108 chicas, de educación primaria con edades entre 11 y 13 años (Medad = 11.35 años; DT = .51) que contestaron instrumentos basados en la TAD, e informaron sobre la AFMV. Los resultados del path análisis revelaron que la percepción de apoyo a la autonomía del tutor predijo positivamente la satisfacción de novedad, mientras que la percepción de apoyo a la autonomía de los compañeros predijo positivamente la satisfacción de novedad y el constructo de satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas. A su vez, ambas satisfacciones predijeron positivamente la motivación autodeterminada. La percepción de apoyo a la autonomía de los compañeros también predijo positiva y directamente la AFMV en el tiempo de ocio. Este trabajo aporta evidencias sobre la contribución de la satisfacción de novedad como constructo de la TAD y la importancia de involucrar a los agentes sociales de la comunidad educativa para fomentar la AFMV. Based on self-determination theory (SDT), the present study aimed to investigate whether adolescents’ perception of autonomy support to adopt a healthy lifestyle from their class tutor, family, peers, and physical education teacher was related to adolescents’ self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The role played by perceived basic psychological need satisfaction, novelty need satisfaction and self-determined motivation towards a healthy lifestyle was also analyzed. Two hundred and fifteen students (107 boys and 108 girls) from elementary school, aged between 11 to 13 years old (Mage = 11.35 years; SD =.51), answered different SDT-based measures and reported their MVPA. The results of the path analysis revealed that perceived autonomy support from tutor positively predicted novelty need satisfaction, while perceived autonomy support from peers positively predicted novelty need satisfaction and the construct of basic psychological need satisfaction. In turn, both need satisfactions positively predicted self-determined motivation. Perceived autonomy support from peers also positively and directly predicted MVPA in leisure time. This work provides evidence of the contribution of novelty need satisfaction as a construct of SDT and the importance of involving social agents of the educational community to promote MVPA

Motivational analysis comparing three contexts of physical activity

El estudio analizó las diferencias motivacionales entre estudiantes de educación física, deportistas y practicantes de ejercicio físico no competitivo. Además, examinó el poder de predicción del clima motivacional percibido y de los tipos de motivación sobre la propensión a la experiencia autotélica en los tres contextos. Se utilizaron tres muestras diferentes: 895 estudiantes de educación física, 413 deportistas y 727 practicantes de ejercicio físico no competitivo. El análisis de regresión mostró que el clima tarea y la motivación intrínseca predijeron positivamente y de forma significativa la experiencia autotélica en los tres contextos, de ahí la importancia de fomentar este tipo de clima motivacional. No obstante, los resultados han mostrado diferencias motivacionales entre los contextos de educación física, deporte competitivo y ejercicio físico no competitivo. Los resultados son discutidos en relación al diferente carácter competitivo/lúdico y voluntariedad/obligatoriedad que rodea a la práctica física en cada uno de los contextos comparados en este estudioThe study analyzed the motivational differences between physical education students, athletes and non-competitive exercisers. Furthermore, the predictive power of perceived motivational climate and types of motivation on the autotelic experience propensity in the three contexts was examined. Three different samples were used: 895 physical education students, 413 athletes and 727 non-competitive exercisers. Regression analysis showed that task-involving climate and intrinsic motivation positively and significantly predicted the autotelic experience in the three contexts, hence the importance of promoting this type of motivational climate. However, the results revealed that there were motivational differences between the contexts of physical education, competitive sports and non-competitive exercise. The results are discussed in relation to the different features (e.g. competitive, recreational, voluntary or obligatory) surrounding the physical activity in each of the contexts compared in this studyLa realización de este trabajo fue posible gracias al proyecto de investigación "Evaluación y análisis comparativo de factores motivacionales relacionados con la adherencia a la práctica en diferentes contextos físico-deportivos: Educación física, deporte de competición y actividad física no competitiva" (Ref. DEP2007-73201-C03/ACTI), financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación de Españ

The Effect of a School-Based Intervention on Physical Activity and Well-Being: a Non-Randomised Controlled Trial with Children of Low Socio-Economic Status

Abstract Background Self-determination theory (SDT) has been used to predict children’s physical activity and well-being. However, few school-based SDT intervention studies have been conducted, and no research exists with children of low socio-economic status (SES). Therefore, SDT-derived needs-supportive teaching techniques informed the design and analyses of the Healthy Choices Programme (HCP). The aim was to determine if the HCP could enhance moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and well-being among children of low SES through increasing autonomy-support, needs satisfaction and intrinsic motivation. Method A mixed factorial two (group) × two (time) wait-list controlled trial was conducted and reported using the TREND guidelines. A total of 155 children (56% females; intervention n = 84, control n = 71) took part and completed measures at baseline (week 0) and post-intervention (week 11). The effect of the intervention on MVPA (model 1) and well-being (model 2) was tested through serial mediation models with three mediators (i.e. autonomy-support, needs satisfaction and intrinsic motivation). Results In comparison to the control group, the intervention was related to increases in MVPA (β = .45) and autonomy-support (β = .17). In model 1, analyses revealed partial mediation of the MVPA change through autonomy-support (β = .14), intrinsic motivation (β = .51) and all three SDT mediators in sequence (total r 2  = .34). In model 2, well-being was indirectly enhanced through autonomy-support (β = .38) and autonomy-support and needs satisfaction in sequence (total r 2  = .21). Conclusions The HCP enhanced MVPA and well-being by engendering a needs-supportive physical activity environment. The scientific and practical contribution of this study was the application of SDT in all aspects of the HCP intervention’s design and analyses. Practitioners may consider integrating SDT principles, as implemented in the HCP, for health promotion. Trial Registration This study is registered on Research Registry (number researchregistry2852)

PERFILES MOTIVACIONALES EN SALVAMENTO DEPORTIVO

<p> </p><p class="titulo1" align="center"><strong>RESUMEN </strong></p> <p class="resumenyabstract" align="justify">El objetivo de este trabajo fue establecer diferentes perfiles motivacionales en una muestra compuesta por 283 deportistas federados de salvamento deportivo (141 hombres y 142 mujeres), de edades comprendidas entre los 14 y los 38 años. Las variables analizadas fueron la percepción del clima motivacional, la motivación intrínseca, la motivación extrínseca, la desmotivación y el flow disposicional. El análisis cluster reveló tres perfiles motivacionales. El “perfil no autodeterminado” obtuvo puntuaciones altas en la percepción de un clima ego y en desmotivación, moderadas en motivación intrínseca, extrínseca y flow disposicional, y bajas en la percepción de un clima tarea. El “perfil autodeterminado” mostró puntuaciones altas en la percepción de un clima tarea y en motivación intrínseca, revelando los valores más altos de flow disposicional. También obtuvo puntuaciones moderadas en motivación extrínseca y bajas en desmotivación y en la percepción de un clima ego. El “perfil pobremente motivado” reflejó una puntuación moderada en la percepción de un clima ego y baja en el resto de variables de estudio. La puntuación más alta que obtuvo fue en desmotivación. Además, los resultados mostraron que en niveles de competición más elevados los perfiles motivacionales parecían ser más negativos.<br /><strong>Palabras Clave:</strong> <strong></strong>motivación, autodeterminación, clima motivacional, flow, salvamento deportivo.</p> <p class="tabulado" align="justify"> </p> <p class="titulo1" align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p> <p class="resumenyabstract" align="justify">The main purpose of this article has been to analyze the motivational profiles in a group of 283 lifesavers (141 male and 142 female), of ages 14 to 38 years. There were several variables that were analyzed: perception of motivational climate, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, amotivation and dispositional flow. Cluster analysis showed that there were three different profiles. The “non-self-determined profile” scored high in the ego climate and amotivation variables. They showed moderate scores in the extrinsic motivation, intrinsic motivation and dispositional flow variables, and low scores in the task climate variable. The “self-determined profile” scored high in the task climate and intrinsic motivation variables. They showed the higher scores in the dispositional flow. Their moderate and low scores were in the extrinsic motivation, amotivation and ego climate variables. The “poorly motivated profile” showed moderate scores in the ego climate variable and low scores in the rest of variables. Their higher score was in amotivation. One interesting result was that when the demands of competitiveness were higher, the motivational profile was more negative.<br /><strong>Key Words:</strong> <strong></strong>motivation, self-determination, motivational climate, flow, lifesaving sport.</p&gt

Broadening the trans-contextual model of motivation: A study with Spanish adolescents

The original trans-contextual model of motivation proposed that autonomy support from teachers develops students’ autonomous motivation in physical education (PE), and that autonomous motivation is transferred from PE contexts to physical activity leisure-time contexts, and predicts attitudes, perceived behavioral control and subjective norms, and forming intentions to participate in future physical activity behavior. The purpose of this study was to test an extended trans-contextual model of motivation including autonomy support from peers and parents and basic psychological needs in a Spanish sample. School students (n = 400) aged between 12 and 18 years completed measures of perceived autonomy support from three sources, autonomous motivation and constructs from the theory of planned behavior at three different points in time and in two contexts, PE and leisure-time. A path analysis controlling for past physical activity behavior supported the main postulates of the model. Autonomous motivation in a PE context predicted autonomous motivation in a leisure-time physical activity context, perceived autonomy support from teachers predicted satisfaction of basic psychological needs in PE, and perceived autonomy support from peers and parents predicted need satisfaction in leisure-time. This study provides a cross-cultural replication of the trans-contextual model of motivation and broadens it to encompass basic psychological needs

Are Active Video Games Associated With Less Screen Media or Conventional Physical Activity?

This study analyzed the time adolescents spend on active video games, sedentary screen media, and conventional physical activity as well as the interrelationships between these variables. Data were collected from 570 Spanish adolescents (15-16 years old) who completed a self-report questionnaire. A path analysis was carried out to analyze the relationships among the different variables. Time in television, video games, and physical activity were higher in males than in females. The use of television and video games positively predicted the use of active video games, which positively predicted physical activity participation. The findings of this study show that sedentary screen media and physical activity are behaviors that can coexist. The promotion of active video games as part of general strategies for the promotion of physical activity could be desirable, but it is likely to contribute to physical activity levels in only a small way. This article finishes with some recommendations related to the use of active/inactive screen media and the promotion of physical activity