524 research outputs found
Supernova Muons: New Constraints on Z' Bosons, Axions, and ALPs
New light particles produced in supernovae can lead to additional energy loss
and a consequent deficit in neutrino production in conflict with the neutrinos
observed from Supernova 1987A (SN1987A). Contrary to the majority of previous
SN1987A studies, we examine the impact of bosons, axions, and axion-like
particles (ALPs) interacting with the muons produced in SN1987A. For the first
time, we find constraints on generic bosons coupled to muons, and apply
our results to particle models including gauged number,
, and gauged number, . We constrain
bosons with masses up to about 250-500 MeV, and down to about in
-muon coupling. We also extend previous work on axion-muon couplings by
examining the importance of loop-level interactions, as well as performing
calculations over a wider range of axion masses. We constrain muon-coupled
axions from arbitrarily low masses up to about 200-500 MeV, with bounds
extending down to axion-muon couplings of approximately GeV.
We conclude that supernovae broadly provide a sensitive probe of new
lightly-coupled particles interacting with muons.Comment: 29 pages, several hot pink figures. v2: figs 7 and 8 updated,
references adde
Pengaruh Lama Waktu Penyimpanan dan Penyinaran Cahayaterhadap Sitronelal Serta Uji Toksisitas dengan Menggunakan Metode Bslt(brine Shrimp Lethality Test)
Pada penelitian ini pengaruh lama waktu penyimpanan dan penyinaran cahaya pada sitronelal diuji untuk mengetahui Perubahan kandungan. Toksisitas sitronelal sebelum dan setelah penyimpanan dan penyinaran juga diuji menggunakan metode BSLT. Penyimpanan sitronelal dilakukan dalam botol vial Bening dan vial gelap yang disimpan dalam kotak kayu dengan perlakuan penyimpanan yang berbeda selama 4 minggu. Kotak yang pertama disinari lampu selama 24 jam (selanjutnya disebut kotak A), kotak kedua adalah kotak yang dua sisinya terbuat dari kasa selanjutnya disebut kotak B), dan kotak ketiga adalah kotak tertutup yang berwarna hitam (selanjutnya disebut kotak C). Analisis kandungan sitronelal sebelum dan sesudah penyimpanan menggunakan Kromatografi Gas-Spektrometer Massa (KG-SM). Hasil analisa KG-SM menunjukkan bahwa persen area berubah dari 45,29% menjadi 52,58% dan terdapat perbedaan jumlah puncak sampel setelah disimpan selama 2 minggu dalam kotak C dalam botol vial Bening. Sampel ini kemudian diuji toksisitasnya dengan BSLT. Hasil uji BSLT menunjukkan besarnya nilai LC50 sitronelal awal sebesar 71,1 ppm dan sebesar 132,79 ppm pada sitronelal setelah 2 minggu penyimpanan serta 324,97 ppm pada sitronelal setelah 4 minggu penyimpanan sehingga menunjukkan bahwa sitronelal dengan penyimpanan 2 minggu lebih toksik dibanding dengan sitronelal yang disimpan selama 4 mingg
StdpC: a modern dynamic clamp
With the advancement of computer technology many novel uses of dynamic clamp have become possible. We have added new features to our dynamic clamp software StdpC (“Spike timing-dependent plasticity Clamp”) allowing such new applications while conserving the ease of use and installation of the popular earlier Dynclamp 2/4 package. Here, we introduce the new features of a waveform generator, freely programmable Hodgkin–Huxley conductances, learning synapses, graphic data displays, and a powerful scripting mechanism and discuss examples of experiments using these features. In the first example we built and ‘voltage clamped’ a conductance based model cell from a passive resistor–capacitor (RC) circuit using the dynamic clamp software to generate the voltage-dependent currents. In the second example we coupled our new spike generator through a burst detection/burst generation mechanism in a phase-dependent way to a neuron in a central pattern generator and dissected the subtle interaction between neurons, which seems to implement an information transfer through intraburst spike patterns. In the third example, making use of the new plasticity mechanism for simulated synapses, we analyzed the effect of spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) on synchronization revealing considerable enhancement of the entrainment of a post-synaptic neuron by a periodic spike train. These examples illustrate that with modern dynamic clamp software like StdpC, the dynamic clamp has developed beyond the mere introduction of artificial synapses or ionic conductances into neurons to a universal research tool, which might well become a standard instrument of modern electrophysiology
Peritoneal carcinomatosis from gastric cancer: a multi-institutional study of 159 patients treated by cytoreductive surgery combined with perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy
BACKGROUND: Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) from gastric cancer has long been regarded a terminal disease with a short median survival. New locoregional therapeutic approaches combining cytoreductive surgery with perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (PIC) have evolved and suggest improved survival.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective multicentric study was performed in French-speaking centers to evaluate the toxicity and the principal prognostic factors in order to identify the best indications. All patients had cytoreductive surgery and PIC: hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) and/or early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (EPIC).
RESULTS: The study included 159 patients from 15 institutions between February 1989 and August 2007. The median follow-up was 20.4 months. HIPEC was the PIC used for 150 procedures. Postoperative mortality and grade 3-4 morbidity rates were 6.5 and 27.8%, respectively. By multivariate analysis, the institution had a significant influence on toxicity. The overall median survival was 9.2 months and 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 43, 18, and 13%, respectively. The only independent prognostic indicator by multivariate analysis was the completeness of cytoreductive surgery. For patients treated by complete cytoreductive surgery, the median survival was 15 months with a 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rate of 61, 30, and 23%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: The therapeutic approach combining cytoreductive surgery with PIC for patients with gastric carcinomatosis may achieve long-term survival in a selected group of patients (limited and resectable PC). The high mortality rate underlines this necessarily strict selection that should be reserved to experienced institutions involved in the management of PC and gastric surgery
Epigenomic profiling of the infrapatellar fat pad in osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis is a prevalent, complex disease of the joints, and affects multiple intra-articular tissues. Here, we have examined genome-wide DNA methylation profiles of primary infrapatellar fat pad and matched blood samples from 70 osteoarthritis patients undergoing total knee replacement surgery. Comparing the DNA methylation profiles between these tissues reveal widespread epigenetic differences. We produce the first genome-wide methylation quantitative trait locus (mQTL) map of fat pad, and make the resource available to the wider community. Using two-sample Mendelian randomization and colocalization analyses, we resolve osteoarthritis GWAS signals and provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underpinning disease aetiopathology. Our findings provide the first view of the epigenetic landscape of infrapatellar fat pad primary tissue in osteoarthritis
Eradication of intractable malignant ascites by abdominocentesis, reinfusion of concentrated ascites, and adoptive immunotherapy with dendritic cells and activated killer cells in a patient with recurrent lung cancer: a case report
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Malignant ascites is often a sign of a terminal stage in several malignant diseases. To control ascites, drainage and intra-abdominal chemotherapy are often used in those patients but eradication of ascites is difficult and prognosis is poor.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 55-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital on 26 January 2007 with dyspnea, abdominal distention and oliguria. Abdominocentesis revealed peritoneal carcinomatosis resulting from abdominal recurrence from lung cancer. To alleviate the dyspnea and abdominal distention, we drained the ascites aseptically and infused them intravenously back into the patient after removal of tumor cells by centrifugation, and then concentration by apheresis. After the drainage of ascites, we intraperitoneally infused activated killer cells and dendritic cells from the patient's tumor-draining lymph nodes, together with 4.5 × 10<sup>5</sup>U interleukin-2 in 50 ml saline by 2.1 ml/hour infuser balloon.</p> <p>Drastic decreases in the tumor cell count and in ascite retention were observed after several courses of ascites drainage, intravenous infusion and intraperitoneal immunotherapy. The plasma protein level was maintained during the treatment notwithstanding the repeated drainage of ascites. Cell surface marker analysis, cytotoxic activities against autologous tumor cells and interferon-gamma examination of ascites suggested the possibility that these effects were mediated by immunological responses of activated killer cells and dendritic cells infused intraperitoneally.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Combination of local administration of immune cells and infusion of concentrated cell free ascites may be applicable for patients afflicted with refractory ascites.</p
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The CAT Imaging Telescope for Very-High-Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy
The CAT (Cherenkov Array at Themis) imaging telescope, equipped with a
very-high-definition camera (546 fast phototubes with 0.12 degrees spacing
surrounded by 54 larger tubes in two guard rings) started operation in Autumn
1996 on the site of the former solar plant Themis (France). Using the
atmospheric Cherenkov technique, it detects and identifies very high energy
gamma-rays in the range 250 GeV to a few tens of TeV. The instrument, which has
detected three sources (Crab nebula, Mrk 421 and Mrk 501), is described in
detail.Comment: 24 pages, 15 figures. submitted to Elsevier Preprin
Is the tetraneutron a bound dineutron-dineutron molecule?
In light of a new experiment which claims a positive identification, we
discuss the possible existence of the tetraneutron. We explore a novel model
based on a dineutron-dineutron molecule. We show that this model is not able to
explain the tetraneutron as a bound state, in agreement with other theoretical
models already discussed in the literature.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures, J. Phys. G, in pres
Histological response of peritoneal carcinomatosis after hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemoperfusion (HIPEC) in experimental investigations
BACKGROUND: In selected patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer prognosis can be improved by hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) after cytoreductive surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the tumor response of peritoneal carcinomatosis in tumor-bearing rats treated with HIPEC. METHODS: CC531 colon carcinoma (2,5 × 10(6 )cells), implanted intraperitoneally in Wag/Rija rats, was treated by hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. After 10 days of tumor growth the animals were randomized into five groups of six animals each: group I: control (n = 6), group II: sham operated animals (n = 6), group III: hyperthermic intraperitoneal perfusion (HIP) without cytostatic drugs, group IV: HIPEC with mitomycin C in a concentration of 15 mg/m(2 )(n = 6), group V: mitomycin C i.p. alone in a concentration of 10 mg/m(2 )(n = 6). After 10 days the extent of tumor spread and histological outcome were analysed by autopsy. RESULTS: All control animals developed extensive intraperitoneal tumor growth. Histological tumor load was significantly reduced in group III and group V and was lowest in group IV. In group II tumor load was significantly higher than in group I. Implanted metastases were significantly decreased in group IV compared with group I and group II. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that HIPEC is an effective treatment for peritoneal carcinomatosis in this animal model. HIPEC reduced macroscopic and microscopic intraperitoneal tumor spread
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