A design procedure for the weight optimization of straight finned radiators

Design technique evaluates optimum weight of space radiator consisting of finned, right circular cylinder

Mechanical control of morphogenesis at the shoot apex

Morphogenesis does not just require the correct expression of patterning genes; these genes must induce the precise mechanical changes necessary to produce a new form. Mechanical characterization of plant growth is not new; however, in recent years, new technologies and interdisciplinary collaborations have made it feasible in young tissues such as the shoot apex. Analysis of tissues where active growth and developmental patterning are taking place has revealed biologically significant variability in mechanical properties and has even suggested that mechanical changes in the tissue can feed back to direct morphogenesis. Here, an overview is given of the current understanding of the mechanical dynamics and its influence on cellular and developmental processes in the shoot apex. We are only starting to uncover the mechanical basis of morphogenesis, and many exciting questions remain to be answere

Impact Evaluation of Wet-Weather Events on Influent Flow and Loadings of a Water Resource Recovery Facility

Since the introduction of environmental legislation anddirectives in Europe, the impact of combined sewer overflows (CSO) on receiving waterbodies has become a priority concern in water and wastewater treatment industry. Timeconsumingand expensive local sampling and monitoring campaigns have been carried outto estimate the characteristic flow and pollutant concentrations of CSO water. This studyfocused on estimating the frequency and duration of wet-weather events and their impactson influent flow and wastewater characteristics of the largest Italian water resource recoveryfacility (WRRF) in Castiglione Torinese. Eight years (viz. 2009-2016) of routinely collectedinfluent data in addition to the arithmetic mean daily precipitation rates (PI) of the plantcatchment area, were elaborated. Relationships between PI and volumetric influent flow rate(Qin), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium concentration (N-NH4) and totalsuspended solids (TSS) are investigated. Time series data mining (TSDM) method isimplemented for segmentation of time series by use of sliding window algorithm to partitionthe available records associated with wet and dry weather events based on the dailyvariation of PI time series. Appling the methodology in conjunction with results obtained fromdata reduction techniques, a wet-weather definition is proposed for the plant. The resultsconfirm that applied methodology on routinely collected plant data can be considered as agood substitute for time-consuming and expensive sampling campaigns and plantmonitoring programs usually conducted for accurate emergency response and long-termpreparedness for extreme climate conditions

Somatization among ethnic minorities and immigrants: Why does it matter to Consultation Liaison Psychiatry?

The article describes the reasons why psychiatrists working in the field of consultation-liaison should be trained and aware of the relevance of culture in their everyday work. Moreover, the article aims at advertising the special-interest group on cultural CLP, a network of clinicians and researchers within the European Association of Psychosomatic Medicine that share their interest and activities in this subject

Genes in the postgenomic era

We outline three very different concepts of the gene - 'instrumental', 'nominal', and 'postgenomic'. The instrumental gene has a critical role in the construction and interpretation of experiments in which the relationship between genotype and phenotype is explored via hybridization between organisms or directly between nucleic acid molecules. It also plays an important theoretical role in the foundations of disciplines such as quantitative genetics and population genetics. The nominal gene is a critical practical tool, allowing stable communication between bioscientists in a wide range of fields grounded in well-defined sequences of nucleotides, but this concept does not embody major theoretical insights into genome structure or function. The post-genomic gene embodies the continuing project of understanding how genome structure supports genome function, but with a deflationary picture of the gene as a structural unit. This final concept of the gene poses a significant challenge to conventional assumptions about the relationship between genome structure and function, and between genotype and phenotype

The emerging structure of the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis: where does Evo-Devo fit in?

The Extended Evolutionary Synthesis (EES) debate is gaining ground in contemporary evolutionary biology. In parallel, a number of philosophical standpoints have emerged in an attempt to clarify what exactly is represented by the EES. For Massimo Pigliucci, we are in the wake of the newest instantiation of a persisting Kuhnian paradigm; in contrast, Telmo Pievani has contended that the transition to an EES could be best represented as a progressive reformation of a prior Lakatosian scientific research program, with the extension of its Neo-Darwinian core and the addition of a brand-new protective belt of assumptions and auxiliary hypotheses. Here, we argue that those philosophical vantage points are not the only ways to interpret what current proposals to ‘extend’ the Modern Synthesis-derived ‘standard evolutionary theory’ (SET) entail in terms of theoretical change in evolutionary biology. We specifically propose the image of the emergent EES as a vast network of models and interweaved representations that, instantiated in diverse practices, are connected and related in multiple ways. Under that assumption, the EES could be articulated around a paraconsistent network of evolutionary theories (including some elements of the SET), as well as models, practices and representation systems of contemporary evolutionary biology, with edges and nodes that change their position and centrality as a consequence of the co-construction and stabilization of facts and historical discussions revolving around the epistemic goals of this area of the life sciences. We then critically examine the purported structure of the EES—published by Laland and collaborators in 2015—in light of our own network-based proposal. Finally, we consider which epistemic units of Evo-Devo are present or still missing from the EES, in preparation for further analyses of the topic of explanatory integration in this conceptual framework

Application of third generation synchrotron source to studies of noncrystalline materials : In-Se amorphous films

The local structure of vacuum evaporated In-Se amorphous films, containing 50, 60, and 66 at .% Se, was studied using differential anomalous X -ray scattering and extended X -ray absorption fine structure. Both intensity and absorption spectra were measured in the vicinity of the absorption K -edge of Se. The differential anomalous X -ray scattering data were converted to real space by the inverse Fourier transform yielding the differential radial distribution functions. The obtained results provide evidence for the presence of Se-In spatial correlations for In5 0 Se50 and Se-In and Se-Se correlations for In40 Se60 and In34 Se66 within the first coordination sphere

Remaining Useful Life Estimation of Spindle Bearing Based on Bearing Load Calculation and Off-Line Condition Monitoring

Spindles are key components of machine tools. An efficient estimation of the spindle condition and its prognosis can improve production efficiency and quality due to predictive maintenance planning. This paper proposes a method for predicting the remaining useful life (RUL) of machine tool spindle bearings using a combined calculation and experimental approach. The calculation model based on the ISO 281 standard uses monitored real loading conditions caused by the machining process and the machine tool operation. The model enables the updated calculation of the spindle lifetime L10h using real load distribution. Since the operation hours of the spindle are also monitored, the remaining useful life (RUL) of the spindle can be calculated. This RUL value is corrected using a bearing condition assessment based on the effective value of the vibration velocity RMS according to the ISO 20816 standard and measured data from the machine tool control system. The proposed method is tested on two different spindle types featuring three pieces of every type. The experimental results of six spindles are compared and validated with a concurrent blind evaluation conducted by a skilled expert. The validation shows a very good match of the proposed method and the expert opinion. The method combining a calculation of the spindle lifetime using monitored real load distribution and subsequent result correction using vibration signal enables the implementation of a full automated estimation of the spindle RUL

Species composition and structural organization of the littoral zooplankton communities in the Oleksandrivka Reservoir (Ukraine)

Today, the issue of researching reservoirs, which are an important source of human water supply and are significantly affected by anthropogenic factors, is gaining more and more relevance. Research on the Oleksandrivka Reservoir is highly important since the safety of operation of the South-Ukrainian NPP depends on the functioning of this reservoir. The research material was samples of littoral zooplankton, which is a bioindicator of changes in the aquatic environment. During the research, both classical methods and the original method of standardizing the number and localization of zooplankton sampling stations within different types of reservoir were used. As a result of original research, the species composition and structural organization of littoral zooplankton communities in different parts of the Oleksandrivka Reservoir were analyzed for the first time. A total of 126 species of zooplankton were registered, of which 96 were observed in this reservoir for the first time. The rotifer Euchlanis dapidula was discovered for the first time in the fauna of Ukraine. The peculiarities of the formation of the faunal spectrum, trophic groups, complex of dominant species, distribution of biotopes, distribution in different parts of the reservoir, density, biomass, as well as seasonal and daily dynamics of littoral zooplankton groups were also clarified. It was established that the biomass of phytoplankton has a statistically significant effect on the density and biomass of zooplankton

MILLING TOOL DEFORMATION CAUSED BY HEATING DURING THE CUTTING PROCESS

The presented paper describes an experiment dealing with the deformation of a milling tool caused by heating during the cutting process. Based on the literature review an experimental procedure is designed to simulate heating of the milling tool during machining. The experimental heating of the milling tool is realized using a laser beam. The frequency of laser radiation and the length of each pulse are selected in order to simulate the real cutting process. The output power of the laser radiation is 10W or 20W. During the experiment deformation and temperature of the tool are measured. In the second part of the presented article an experiment is carried out investigating the heating and deformation of the milling tool during real machining of an aluminium alloy. The experiment consists of several test cycles, when a different amount of material is removed. Deformations of the tool and also of the machine tool are measured immediately after milling, and during cooling to ambient temperature. The results clearly show that there is a significant temperature rise of the milling tool during the cutting process, which mainly causes milling tool extension in the axial direction. The conclusion of the experiment is that the thermal deformation of the milling tool during machining cannot be neglected, as it can also be a source of certain errors