Dodder (Cuscuta reflexa Roxb.), a severe parasitic weed on fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)

A survey on weed infestation in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) undertaken in Tonk District of Rajasthan, India during rabi season of 1986-87, indicated that the parasitic weed Cuscuta reflexa was observed in 6 fields among the 11 fields surveyed. In infested fields, 70.70 to 23.04 per cent plants were parasitised. The seed yield was 25.27 to 11.32 g / plant in healthy plants and 10.18 to 4.47 g / plant in infested plants. The reduction in estimated seed yield due to infestation by C. reflexa ranged from 14.04 to 30.07 per cent. One hundred per cent infestation reduced the seed yield by 31.21 to 71.52 per cent. &nbsp

Dodder (Cuscuta reflexa Roxb.), a severe parasitic weed on fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)

A survey on weed infestation in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) undertaken in Tonk District of Rajasthan, India during rabi season of 1986-87, indicated that the parasitic weed Cuscuta reflexa was observed in 6 fields among the 11 fields surveyed. In infested fields, 70.70 to 23.04 per cent plants were parasitised. The seed yield was 25.27 to 11.32 g / plant in healthy plants and 10.18 to 4.47 g / plant in infested plants. The reduction in estimated seed yield due to infestation by C. reflexa ranged from 14.04 to 30.07 per cent. One hundred per cent infestation reduced the seed yield by 31.21 to 71.52 per cent. &nbsp

Dodder (Cuscuta reflexa Roxb.), a severe parasitic weed on fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)

A survey on weed infestation in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) undertaken in Tonk District of Rajasthan, India during rabi season of 1986-87, indicated that the parasitic weed Cuscuta reflexa was observed in 6 fields among the 11 fields surveyed. In infested fields, 70.70 to 23.04 per cent plants were parasitised. The seed yield was 25.27 to 11.32 g / plant in healthy plants and 10.18 to 4.47 g / plant in infested plants. The reduction in estimated seed yield due to infestation by C. reflexa ranged from 14.04 to 30.07 per cent. One hundred per cent infestation reduced the seed yield by 31.21 to 71.52 per cent. &nbsp

Dodder (Cuscuta reflexa Roxb.), a severe parasitic weed on fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)

A survey on weed infestation in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) undertaken in Tonk District of Rajasthan, India during rabi season of 1986-87, indicated that the parasitic weed Cuscuta reflexa was observed in 6 fields among the 11 fields surveyed. In infested fields, 70.70 to 23.04 per cent plants were parasitised. The seed yield was 25.27 to 11.32 g / plant in healthy plants and 10.18 to 4.47 g / plant in infested plants. The reduction in estimated seed yield due to infestation by C. reflexa ranged from 14.04 to 30.07 per cent. One hundred per cent infestation reduced the seed yield by 31.21 to 71.52 per cent. &nbsp

Challenges in QCD matter physics --The scientific programme of the Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment at FAIR

Substantial experimental and theoretical efforts worldwide are devoted to explore the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter. At LHC and top RHIC energies, QCD matter is studied at very high temperatures and nearly vanishing net-baryon densities. There is evidence that a Quark-Gluon-Plasma (QGP) was created at experiments at RHIC and LHC. The transition from the QGP back to the hadron gas is found to be a smooth cross over. For larger net-baryon densities and lower temperatures, it is expected that the QCD phase diagram exhibits a rich structure, such as a first-order phase transition between hadronic and partonic matter which terminates in a critical point, or exotic phases like quarkyonic matter. The discovery of these landmarks would be a breakthrough in our understanding of the strong interaction and is therefore in the focus of various high-energy heavy-ion research programs. The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at FAIR will play a unique role in the exploration of the QCD phase diagram in the region of high net-baryon densities, because it is designed to run at unprecedented interaction rates. High-rate operation is the key prerequisite for high-precision measurements of multi-differential observables and of rare diagnostic probes which are sensitive to the dense phase of the nuclear fireball. The goal of the CBM experiment at SIS100 (sNN= 2.7--4.9 GeV) is to discover fundamental properties of QCD matter: the phase structure at large baryon-chemical potentials (μB> 500 MeV), effects of chiral symmetry, and the equation of state at high density as it is expected to occur in the core of neutron stars. In this article, we review the motivation for and the physics programme of CBM, including activities before the start of data taking in 2024, in the context of the worldwide efforts to explore high-density QCD matter

Studies of di-jet survival and surface emission bias in Au+Au collisions via angular correlations with respect to back-to-back leading hadrons

We report first results from an analysis based on a new multi-hadron correlation technique, exploring jet-medium interactions and di-jet surface emission bias at RHIC. Pairs of back-to-back high transverse momentum hadrons are used for triggers to study associated hadron distributions. In contrast with two- and three-particle correlations with a single trigger with similar kinematic selections, the associated hadron distribution of both trigger sides reveals no modification in either relative pseudo-rapidity or relative azimuthal angle from d+Au to central Au+Au collisions. We determine associated hadron yields and spectra as well as production rates for such correlated back-to-back triggers to gain additional insights on medium properties.Comment: By the STAR Collaboration. 6 pages, 2 figure

Measurement of inclusive J/ψ suppression in Au+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV through the dimuon channel at STAR

J/ψ suppression has long been considered a sensitive signature of the formation of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. In this letter, we present the first measurement of inclusive J/ψ production at mid-rapidity through the dimuon decay channel in Au+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV with the STAR experiment. These measurements became possible after the installation of the Muon Telescope Detector was completed in 2014. The J/ψ yields are measured in a wide transverse momentum (pT) range of 0.15 GeV/c to 12 GeV/c from central to peripheral collisions. They extend the kinematic reach of previous measurements at RHIC with improved precision. In the 0-10% most central collisions, the J/ψ yield is suppressed by a factor of approximately 3 for pT>5 GeV/c relative to that in p+p collisions scaled by the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions. The J/ψ nuclear modification factor displays little dependence on pT in all centrality bins. Model calculations can qualitatively describe the data, providing further evidence for the color-screening effect experienced by J/ψ mesons in the QGP

Observation of Excess J/ψ Yield at Very Low Transverse Momenta in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV and U+U Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=193 GeV.

We report on the first measurements of J/ψ production at very low transverse momentum (p_{T}<0.2  GeV/c) in hadronic Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200  GeV and U+U collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=193  GeV. Remarkably, the inferred nuclear modification factor of J/ψ at midrapidity in Au+Au (U+U) collisions reaches about 24 (52) for p_{T}<0.05  GeV/c in the 60%-80% collision centrality class. This noteworthy enhancement cannot be explained by hadronic production accompanied by cold and hot medium effects. In addition, the dN/dt distribution of J/ψ for the very low p_{T} range is presented for the first time. The distribution is consistent with that expected from the Au nucleus and shows a hint of interference. Comparison of the measurements to theoretical calculations of coherent production shows that the excess yield can be described reasonably well and reveals a partial disruption of coherent production in semicentral collisions, perhaps due to the violent hadronic interactions. Incorporating theoretical calculations, the results strongly suggest that the dramatic enhancement of J/ψ yield observed at extremely low p_{T} originates from coherent photon-nucleus interactions. In particular, coherently produced J/ψ's in violent hadronic collisions may provide a novel probe of the quark-gluon plasma

Observation of D0D^0 meson nuclear modifications in Au+Au collisions at sNN\sqrt{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}} = 200 GeV

We report the first measurement of charmed-hadron ($D^0$) production via the hadronic decay channel ($D^0\rightarrow K^- + \pi^+$) in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}$ = 200\,GeV with the STAR experiment. The charm production cross-section per nucleon-nucleon collision at mid-rapidity scales with the number of binary collisions, $N_{bin}$, from $p$+$p$ to central Au+Au collisions. The $D^0$ meson yields in central Au+Au collisions are strongly suppressed compared to those in $p$+$p$ scaled by $N_{bin}$, for transverse momenta $p_{T}>3$ GeV/$c$, demonstrating significant energy loss of charm quarks in the hot and dense medium. An enhancement at intermediate $p_{T}$ is also observed. Model calculations including strong charm-medium interactions and coalescence hadronization describe our measurements.Comment: 7 pages including author list, 4 figures, submit to PRL with revised versio