Stéatose hépatique aiguë gravidique avec une pyélonéphrite aiguë droite sur une grossesse gémellaire: une association très rare

La Stéatose hépatique aiguë gravidique est une complication rare de la grossesse, et l’association avec la pyélonéphrite aiguë est encore plus rarissime survenant le plus souvent dans le troisième trimestre. Le diagnostic est affirmé par un faisceau d’argument clinique et biologique si non par l'histologie hépatique en dehors de trouble de la crase sanguine. Autrefois régulièrement mortelle, cette pathologie bénéficie actuellement d'un meilleur pronostic maternel et foetal, du fait du diagnostic plus précoce, d'une délivrance rapide et du traitement symptomatique. Les auteurs ont jugé utile de rapporter une observation à travers d’un cas clinique d’une grossesse gémellaire associée à la pyélonéphrite aigue droite avec stéatose hépatique aiguë en milieu de réanimation.Key words: Grossesse gémellaire, pyélonéphrite aigue, stéatose hépatiqu

Research Paper Polyclonal antibodies production against Staphylococcus aureus protein A: ELISA technique optimization for milk quality control

The main aim of this project is to produce polyclonal antibodies directed against the Staphylococcus aureus protein A and their use to appreciate bacteriological analysis of milk quality. In this context, an immunization produce was set up to test and detect in a batch of animals the convenient responder to the injected antigen. Furthermore, to optimize all parameters of retained ELISA test, a cross-table was conceived by using various concentrations of different reagents and has allowed selecting the optimaldilutions as follows: 1) 1/1000 for anti-Staphylococcus aureus protein A mouse antibodies and 1/2000 for anti-Staphylococcus aureus protein A rabbit antibodies. 2) 1/4000 for anti-Staphylococcus aureus treated by heat mouse antibodies and 1/500 for anti-Staphylococcus aureus protein A rabbit antibodies. 3) 1/2000 for anti-Staphylococcus aureus treated by NaClO mouse antibodies and 1/500 for anti-Staphylococcus aureus protein A rabbit antibodies. The application of optimized ELISA test to searchand detect Staphylococcus aureus germs in different samples of milk has shown very satisfying results when compared to those obtained by bacteriological method. Indeed, the sensitiveness and the reproducibility, as well as the possibility to analyze a great number of samples in the same time at a reduced manner make the immunochemical method a best choice of test able to replace recent bacteriological methods

Detection of Multiple Pathways in the Spinal Cord White Matter Using Q-Ball Imaging

International audienceHigh angular resolution MRI such as q-ball imaging (QBI) allows to recover complex white matter architecture. We applied this technique to an ex vivo spinal cord of one cat using a 3T scanner, 100 directions and b-values varying from 1000 to 3000 s/mm2. As a result, QBI can retrieve crossing fibre information, where the diffusion tensor imaging approach is constrained to a single diffusion direction. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the benefits of QBI in observing longitudinal, commissural and dorso-ventral fibres in the spinal cord. It is a first step towards in vivo characterization of the healthy and injured spinal cord using high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) and QBI

Deciphering the components of regional net ecosystem fluxes following a bottom-up approach for the Iberian Peninsula

Quantification of ecosystem carbon pools is a fundamental requirement for estimating carbon fluxes and for addressing the dynamics and responses of the terrestrial carbon cycle to environmental drivers. The initial estimates of carbon pools in terrestrial carbon cycle models often rely on the ecosystem steady state assumption, leading to initial equilibrium conditions. In this study, we investigate how trends and inter-annual variability of net ecosystem fluxes are affected by initial non-steady state conditions. Further, we examine how modeled ecosystem responses induced exclusively by the model drivers can be separated from the initial conditions. For this, the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA) model is optimized at set of European eddy covariance sites, which support the parameterization of regional simulations of ecosystem fluxes for the Iberian Peninsula, between 1982 and 2006. <br><br> The presented analysis stands on a credible model performance for a set of sites, that represent generally well the plant functional types and selected descriptors of climate and phenology present in the Iberian region – except for a limited Northwestern area. The effects of initial conditions on inter-annual variability and on trends, results mostly from the recovery of pools to equilibrium conditions; which control most of the inter-annual variability (IAV) and both the magnitude and sign of most of the trends. However, by removing the time series of pure model recovery from the time series of the overall fluxes, we are able to retrieve estimates of inter-annual variability and trends in net ecosystem fluxes that are quasi-independent from the initial conditions. This approach reduced the sensitivity of the net fluxes to initial conditions from 47% and 174% to −3% and 7%, for strong initial sink and source conditions, respectively. <br><br> With the aim to identify and improve understanding of the component fluxes that drive the observed trends, the net ecosystem production (NEP) trends are decomposed into net primary production (NPP) and heterotrophic respiration (<i>R</i><sub>H</sub>) trends. The majority (~97%) of the positive trends in NEP is observed in regions where both NPP and <i>R</i><sub>H</sub> fluxes show significant increases, although the magnitude of NPP trends is higher. Analogously, ~83% of the negative trends in NEP are also associated with negative trends in NPP. The spatial patterns of NPP trends are mainly explained by the trends in <i>f</i>APAR (<i>r</i>=0.79) and are only marginally explained by trends in temperature and water stress scalars (<i>r</i>=0.10 and <i>r</i>=0.25, respectively). Further, we observe the significant role of substrate availability (<i>r</i>=0.25) and temperature (<i>r</i>=0.23) in explaining the spatial patterns of trends in <i>R</i><sub>H</sub>. These results highlight the role of primary production in driving ecosystem fluxes. <br><br> Overall, our study illustrates an approach for removing the confounding effects of initial conditions and emphasizes the need to decompose the ecosystem fluxes into its components and drivers for more mechanistic interpretations of modeling results. We expect that our results are not only specific for the CASA model since it incorporates concepts of ecosystem functioning and modeling assumptions common to biogeochemical models. A direct implication of these results is the ability of this approach to detect climate and phenology induced trends regardless of the initial conditions

QMCPACK: Advances in the development, efficiency, and application of auxiliary field and real-space variational and diffusion Quantum Monte Carlo

We review recent advances in the capabilities of the open source ab initio Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) package QMCPACK and the workflow tool Nexus used for greater efficiency and reproducibility. The auxiliary field QMC (AFQMC) implementation has been greatly expanded to include k-point symmetries, tensor-hypercontraction, and accelerated graphical processing unit (GPU) support. These scaling and memory reductions greatly increase the number of orbitals that can practically be included in AFQMC calculations, increasing accuracy. Advances in real space methods include techniques for accurate computation of band gaps and for systematically improving the nodal surface of ground state wavefunctions. Results of these calculations can be used to validate application of more approximate electronic structure methods including GW and density functional based techniques. To provide an improved foundation for these calculations we utilize a new set of correlation-consistent effective core potentials (pseudopotentials) that are more accurate than previous sets; these can also be applied in quantum-chemical and other many-body applications, not only QMC. These advances increase the efficiency, accuracy, and range of properties that can be studied in both molecules and materials with QMC and QMCPACK

Ovulation rate and early embryonic survival rate in female rabbits of a synthetic line and a local Algerian population

[EN] A higher litter size at birth has been reported in female rabbits from a Synthetic line than in those of the Local Algerian population. The aim of this work was to analyse whether this difference in litter size was due to a higher ovulation rate and/or embryonic survival rate in Synthetic line than in Local Algerian population. In total, 24 multiparous female rabbits from Synthetic line and 23 from Local population were used in this experiment. Litter size at birth was recorded up to the first 3 parities. Litter size was 20% higher in Synthetic line than Local population. At their 4th gestation, the females were euthanized at 72 h post coitum. Synthetic line females had 50% more ova and embryos than those of Local population (+4.42 ova and +3.92 embryos, respectively). Synthetic line displayed a lower percentage of normal embryos and a larger number of unfertilized oocytes than Local population (–2.81% and +0.64 oocytes, respectively), but differences were not relevant. Synthetic line showed a lesser embryonic stage of development at 72 h post coitum, showing a higher percentage of early morulae (31.50 vs. 8.50%) and a lower percentage of compact morulae (51.45 vs. 78.65%) than Local population. No relevant difference was found for early embryonic survival rate between Synthetic line and Local population. In conclusion, the difference in litter size was mainly due to a higher ovulation rate in the Synthetic line, allowing more embryos to develop in this line.Belabbas, R.; García, M.; Ainbaziz, H.; Berbar, A.; Zitouni, G.; Lafri, M.; Bouzouan, M.... (2016). Ovulation rate and early embryonic survival rate in female rabbits of a synthetic line and a local Algerian population. World Rabbit Science. 24(4):275-282. doi:10.4995/wrs.2016.5301.SWORD275282244Argente, M. J., Santacreu, M. A., Climent, A., & Blasco, A. (2003). Relationships between uterine and fetal traits in rabbits selected on uterine capacity1. Journal of Animal Science, 81(5), 1265-1273. doi:10.2527/2003.8151265xBelabbas R., AinBaziz H., Ilès I., Zenia S., Boumahdi Z., Boulbina I., Temim S. 2011. Study of prolificacy and its main biological components in rabbits of local Algerian population (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Livest. Res. Rur. Dev., 23: 61.Brun J.M., Baselga M. 2004. Analysis of reproductive performances during the formation of a rabbit synthetic strain. In Proc.: 8th World Rabbit Congress, September 7-10, 2004, Puebla, Mexico, 32-37.Bolet, G., & Theau-Clément, M. (1994). Fertilisation rate and preimplantation embryonic development in two rabbit strains of different fecundity, in purebreeding and crossbreeding. Animal Reproduction Science, 36(1-2), 153-162. doi:10.1016/0378-4320(94)90062-0Buhi, W. C., & Alvarez, I. M. (2003). Identification, characterization and localization of three proteins expressed by the porcine oviduct. Theriogenology, 60(2), 225-238. doi:10.1016/s0093-691x(03)00027-xGacem M., Lebas F. 2000. Rabbit husbandry in Algeria. Technical structure and evaluation of performances. World Rabbit Sci., 8(Suppl. 1): B75-80.Gacem M., Zerrouki N., Lebas F., Bolet G., 2008. Strategy of developing rabbit meat in Algeria: creation and selection of a synthetic strain. In Proc.: 9th World Rabbit Congress, June 10-13, 2008, Verona, Italy, 85-89.Nancarrow C.D., Hill J.L. 1995. Oviduct proteins in fertilization and early embryo development. J. Reprod. Fertil., (Suppl) 49: 3-13.Salvetti P., Guérin P., Theau-Clément M., Hurtaud J., Beckers J.F., Joly T. 2007. Essais d'amélioration de la production d'embryons chez la lapine. In Proc.: 12èmes Journées de la Recherche Cunicole, 27-28 Novembre 2007, Le Mans, France, 41-44.Xie, S., Broermann, D. M., Nephew, K. P., Bishop, M. D., & Pope, W. F. (1990). Relationship between oocyte maturation and fertilization on zygotic diversity in swine. Journal of Animal Science, 68(7), 2027. doi:10.2527/1990.6872027xYoussef Y.K., Iraqi M.M., El-Raffa A.M., Afifi E.A., Khalil M.H., García M.L., Baselga M. 2008. A joint project to synthesize new lines of rabbits in Egypt and Saudi Arabia: emphasis for results and prospects. In Proc.: 9th World Rabbit Congress, June 10-13, 2008, Verona, Italy, 1637-1642

Measurement of the Beam-Recoil Polarization in Low-Energy Virtual Compton Scattering from the Proton

Double-polarization observables in the reaction $\vec{e}p \rightarrow e'\vec{p'}\gamma{}$ have been measured at $Q^2=0.33 (GeV/c)^2$. The experiment was performed at the spectrometer setup of the A1 Collaboration using the 855 MeV polarized electron beam provided by the Mainz Microtron (MAMI) and a recoil proton polarimeter. From the double-polarization observables the structure function $P_{LT}^\perp$ is extracted for the first time, with the value $(-15.4 \pm 3.3 (stat.)^{+1.5}_{-2.4} (syst.)) GeV^{-2}$, using the low-energy theorem for Virtual Compton Sattering. This structure function provides a hitherto unmeasured linear combination of the generalized polarizabilities of the proton