5,962 research outputs found
On narrowing coated conductor film: emergence of granularity-induced field hysteresis of transport critical current
Critical current density Jc in polycrystalline or granular superconducting
material is known to be hysteretic with applied field H due to the focusing of
field within the boundary between adjacent grains. This is of concern in the
so-called coated conductors wherein superconducting film is grown on a
granular, but textured surface of a metal substrate. While previous work has
mainly been on Jc determined using induced or magnetization currents, the
present work utilizes transport current via an applied potential in strip
geometry. It is observed that the effect is not as pronounced using transport
current, probably due to a large difference in criterion voltage between the
two types of measurements. However, when the films are narrowed by patterning
into 200-, 100-, or 80-micron, the hysteresis is clearly seen, because of the
forcing of percolation across higher-angle grain boundaries. This effect is
compared for films grown on ion-beam-assisted-deposited (IBAD) YSZ substrate
and those grown on rolling-assisted-biaxially-textures substrates (RABiTS)
which have grains that are about ten times larger. The hysteresis is more
pronounced for the latter, which is more likely to have a weak grain boundary
spanning the width of the microbridge. This is also of concern to applications
in which coated conductors will be striated in order to reduce of AC losses.Comment: text-only: 10 pages, plus 5 figures on 5 page
Forty-Year Analysis of Colonoscopic Surveillance Program for Neoplasia in Ulcerative Colitis: An Updated Overview
C.R.C. was funded by the Derek Willoughby Fund for Inflammatory Research. A.L.H. and T.A.G. were funded by Higher Education Funding Council of England
Mechanisms of weight loss after obesity surgery
Obesity surgery remains the most effective treatment for obesity and its complications. Weight loss was initially attributed to decreased energy absorption from the gut but have since been linked to reduced appetitive behaviour and potentially increased energy expenditure. Implicated mechanisms associating rearrangement of the gastrointestinal tract with these metabolic outcomes include central appetite control, release of gut peptides, change in microbiota and bile acids. However, the exact combination and timing of signals remain largely unknown. In this review, we survey recent research investigating these mechanisms, and seek to provide insights on unanswered questions over how weight loss is achieved following bariatric surgery which may eventually lead to safer, nonsurgical weight-loss interventions or combinations of medications with surger
Sex differences in eye gaze and symbolic cueing of attention
Observing a face with averted eyes results in a reflexive shift of attention to the gazed-at location. Here we present results that show that this effect is weaker in males than in females (Experiment 1). This result is predicted by the âextreme male brainâ theory of autism (Baron-Cohen, 2003), which suggests that males in the normal population should display more autism-like traits than females (e.g., poor joint attention). Indeed, participantsâČ scores on the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (Baron-Cohen, Wheelwright, Stott, Bolton, & Goodyear, 2001) negatively correlated with cueing magnitude. Furthermore, exogenous orienting did not differ between the sexes in two peripheral cueing experiments (Experiments 2a and 2b). However, a final experiment showed that using non-predictive arrows instead of eyes as a central cue also revealed a large gender difference. This demonstrates that reduced orienting from central cues in males generalizes beyond gaze cues. These results show that while peripheral cueing is equivalent in the male and female brains, the attention systems of the two sexes treat noninformative symbolic cues very differently
Correlation Between Mehlich-3 and Ammonium Acetate Extractable Potassium in Kansas Soils
The K-State Research and Extension Soil Testing Laboratory has been using Mehlich-3 soil test procedures for phosphorus (P) extraction, and ammonium acetate extraction for potassium (K). Previous research in other states has shown a strong correlation between these two tests for K, but data correlating the two in Kansas soils have been limited. A study was performed on soils from across the state to investigate the relationship between these two methods. A strong positive correlation was observed (r = 0.99) across the wide range of soil types, pH, and fertility conditions represented in the sample set. Linear regression suggests a near 1:1 relationship and strong fit between Mehlich-3 and ammonium acetate extractable K (slope = 0.97, R2 = 0.98). Based on these results the Mehlich-3 procedure for soil K analysis is a suitable for Kansas soils
EQUIPT: protocol of a comparative effectiveness research study evaluating cross-context transferability of economic evidence on tobacco control
This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial.This article has been made available through the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund.Tobacco smoking claims 700â
000 lives every year in Europe and the cost of tobacco smoking in the EU is estimated between âŹ98 and âŹ130 billion annually; direct medical care costs and indirect costs such as workday losses each represent half of this amount. Policymakers all across Europe are in need of bespoke information on the economic and wider returns of investing in evidence-based tobacco control, including smoking cessation agendas. EQUIPT is designed to test the transferability of one such economic evidence base-the English Tobacco Return on Investment (ROI) tool-to other EU member states
Optimism as a Candidate Health Asset: Exploring Its Links With Adolescent Quality of Life in Sweden
Relationships between the Haney H3A and Conventional Soil Tests for Phosphorus and Potassium in Kansas Soils
The Haney H3A soil test procedure has gained popularity in recent years for soil health evaluation and has been used in some circles to adjust fertilizer management practices. However, data relating this test to current soil tests, relative crop yield, or total nutrient uptake are nonexistent in Kansas soils. The objective of this study is to evaluate the correlation between H3A soil test phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) with soil tests currently used in Kansas (e.g. Mehlich-3). Soils from a nitrogen response study were extracted using both Mehlich-3 and H3A (version 4) soil test procedures. Mehlich-3 and Haney extractable P and K were positively correlated (r = 0.90 and 0.91, respectively) in data combined from all sites. Linear regression models fit to the combined data indicate that Mehlich-3 extracts approximately 25% more P and 250% more K. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of these models (15.4 ppm P and 83.4 ppm K) indicate that existing calibration based on Mehlich-3 values are likely not suitable for use with H3A-4
School violence, school differences and school discourses
This article highlights one strand of a study which investigated the concept of the violenceresilient school. In six inner-city secondary schools, data on violent incidents in school and violent crime in the neighbourhood were gathered, and compared with school practices to minimise violence, accessed through interviews. Some degree of association between the patterns of behaviour and school practices was found: schools with a wider range of wellconnected practices seemed to have less difficult behaviour. Interviews also showed that the different schools had different organisational discourses for construing school violence, its possible causes and the possible solutions. Differences in practices are best understood in connection with differences in these discourses. Some of the features of school discourses are outlined, including their range, their core metaphor and their silences. We suggest that organisational discourse is an important concept in explaining school effects and school differences, and that improvement attempts could have clearer regard to this concept
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