Una caracterización genérica de las noticias de la prensa británica por medio de la cohesión léxica

Este artículo persigue demostrar que las noticias de la prensa británica, indiferentemente a la clase de diario en que se publican, up-, mid- o down-market, presentan unas características genéricas comunes basadas en las relaciones semánticas que establecen sus elementos léxicos y en su organización textual que pueden ser probadas por medio de un análisis de la cohesión léxica como el diseñado por M. Hoey (1991). A la vista de los resultados estadísticos del análisis del corpus respecto a vínculos y conexiones léxicas, así como a su estructuración esquemática, se concluye que todos grupos de diario muestran las mismas características genéricas derivadas de su finalidad informativa, desmintiendo con ello disimilitudes debidas al formato o la clase social de los lectores. This paper tries to show that news items, even if published in different types of journal (up-mid or down-market), can be generically characterized on the basis of their textual organization and of the semantic relations established by their lexical items. Contrary to the traditional view that presupposes divergences between broadsheets and tabloids, using M. Hoey ’s (1991) analysis of lexical cohesion as a tool we will prove statistically that news items present common characteristics derived from their basic generic purpose, namely, providing information

The lexical constructional model meets syntax: guidelines of the formalized lexical-constructional model (FL_CxG )

[EN] This paper offers the basic guidelines of a formalized version of the Lexical Constructional Model (LCM; Ruiz de Mendoza & Mairal Usón, 2008, 2011; Ruiz de Mendoza & Galera, 2014), the Formalized Lexical-Constructional Grammar (FL_CxG), which will pave the way for future computational developments, such as parsers or lexical databases. The FL_CxG deploys (i) the typologically oriented syntactic apparatus of Role and Reference Grammar (Van Valin, 2005; Van Valin & LaPolla, 1997), (ii) the catalogue of constructional units arranged in a 4-layer typology, as proposed by the LCM, and (iii) some insights for semantic representations from the Generative Lexicon Theory (Pustejovsky, 1995; Pustejovsky & Batiukova, 2019), and Minimal English (Goddard, 2018). All the components of the FL_CxG (lexical units and construct(ion)s) are formally encoded as Typed Feature Structures in the format of Attribute Value Matrixes. These units are to be understood as constraints operating in the unification processes which underlie the generation/decoding of a given fragment of language.[ES] Este trabajo ofrece las directrices básicas de una versión formalizada del Modelo Léxico Construccional (MCL; Ruiz de Mendoza & Mairal Usón, 2008, 2011; Ruiz de Mendoza & Galera, 2014), la Gramática Léxico-Construccional Formalizada (FL_CxG), que allanará el camino para futuros desarrollos computacionales, como analizadores sintácticos o bases de datos léxicas. La FL_CxG despliega (i) el aparato sintáctico orientado tipológicamente de la Gramática de Roles y Referencias (Van Valin, 2005; Van Valin & LaPolla, 1997), (ii) el catálogo de unidades constructivas ordenadas en una tipología de 4 capas, como propone la LCM, y (iii) algunas ideas para las representaciones semánticas de la Teoría del Léxico Generativo (Pustejovsky, 1995; Pustejovsky & Batiukova, 2019), y el Inglés Mínimo (Goddard, 2018). Todos los componentes del FL_CxG (unidades léxicas y construct(ion)s) se codifican formalmente como Estructuras de Características Tipificadas en el formato de Matrices de Valores de Atributos. Estas unidades deben entenderse como restricciones que operan en los procesos de unificación que subyacen a la generación/decodificación de un fragmento dado de la lengua.Cortés-Rodríguez, FJ.; Díaz-Galán, A. (2023). The lexical constructional model meets syntax: guidelines of the formalized lexical-constructional model (FL_CxG ). Revista de Lingüística y Lenguas Aplicadas. 18:49-70. https://doi.org/10.4995/rlyla.2023.1864349701

The Problem-Solution Pattern: A Tool for the Teaching of Writing?

Over the past two decades researchers have increasingly become aware of the fact that language teaching can benefit from the field of discourse analysis and pragmatics. This paper analyzes the applicability of the so called problem-solution pattern to the teaching of writing. An experiment was conducted in order to test M. Hoey’s (2001) belief that the pattern can serve as a ready-made template to help the learner-writer in their task The results point at the fact that providing students with vocabulary related to the topic triggers the problem-solution pattern, which reveals itself as culturally known for our student s, without the need of explaining it explicitly

La cohesión léxica como indicador de las categorías esquemáticas del artículo de prensa

Utilizando como herramienta un artículo de prensa, este artículo trata de establecer una conexión entre los patrones semánticos de organización textual, según los describe Michael Hoey (1991), y otros tipos más formales al discurso, como la ya clásica enumeración de las categorías de la noticia hecha por van Dijk (1985, 1988, 1990, etc.). La comparación de estas dos visiones sobre la unidad textual, en apariencia opuestas, no sólo demuestra su compatibilidad, contradiciendo así uno de los principales supuestos teóricos de M. Hoey, sino que, además, nos sirve para reafirmar la interdependencia de dos conceptos teóricos asociados a ellas e igualmente antitéticos: cohesión y coherencia.By means of a news item, this article tries to establish a connection between the semantic patterns of textual organization created by the lexical cohesive devices of a text, as described by M. Hoey (1991), and other types of more formal or structural approaches to discourse, such as the classic description of news categories proposed by van Dijk (1985, 1988, 1990, etc.). The comparison of these apparently opposing views about text unity not only proves them compatible, contradicting one of M. Hoey’s tenets, but, at the same time, supports the interdependence of two, equally antithetic, theoretical concepts associated with them: cohesion and coherence

Estudio de la cohesión léxica en las noticias de la prensa británica

Profundiza en la vertiente léxica de la cohesión a través del método de análisis diseñado por M. Hoey (1991) y extrapola los resultados de tal estudio a la Gramática Funcional de S. Dik (1997) intentando con ello contribuir al desarrollo de sus aspectos textuales y también analíticos por medio de la utilización de textos reales. Estos textos, noticias publicadas en la prensa londinense de ámbito nacional, han constituido el objetivo secundario de esta investigación ya que se intenta, contrastando sus conexiones léxicas, caracterizarlas genéricamente como un grupo, a pesar de las diferencias socio-económicas que existen entre ellas. Para lograr estos objetivos se aplica a un corpus compuesto por treinta noticias de los tres tipos de diarios británicos el análisis diseñado por M. Hoey en dos fases: una primera de localización y clasificación de conexiones y una segunda de creación de matrices y organización del texto. Tras su análisis se retomaron los objetivos generales para comprobar los resultados en los tres niveles de estudio de la cohesión propuesto. En lo referente al método de M. Hoey se demuestra que este es completamente replicable en textos narrativos y con características genéricas, lo cual supondria ampliar sus límites de aplicación. Respecto al tratamiento de la cohesión léxica dentro de la Gramática funcional de S. Dik es posible equiparar las categorías descritas por M. Hoey a las relaciones descritas por S. Dik si se expande la aplicación de las relaciones anáfricas. La propuesta hecha por el autor de esta escuela K. Hengeveld (1998) es válida para los niveles inferiores a la oración, no así para los niveles superiores a esta ni para describir la relación entre la gramática oracional y el discurso. Finalmente, la caracterización de la lengua de la prensa no deparó, según se esperaba, diferencias significativas entre ellos, respondiendo así a unas características que pueden considerarse genéricas

ARTEMIS: State of the Art and Future Horizons

The syntactic parser ARTEMIS (Automatically Representing Text Meaning via an Interlingua-based System) is a prototype intended to process natural language within the environment of the Functional Grammar Knowledge Base (FunGramKB) (Periñán-Pascual & Arcas-Túnez, 2010). Different from other parsing devices, ARTEMIS is grounded on two functional linguistic models: Role and Reference Grammar (RRG) (Van Valin & La Polla, 1997; Van Valin, 2005) and the Lexical Constructional Model (LCM) (Ruiz de Mendoza & Mairal Usón, 2008). However, certain adjustments have to be made to both models in order to meet the requirements derived from the fact that ARTEMIS follows the paradigm of Unification Grammars, in such a way that to comply with this paradigm, the GDE (Grammar Development Environment) within ARTEMIS needs to integrate two types of constructs: a catalogue of Attribute-Value Matrixes (AVMs) to describe grammatical units, and a set of production rules (grammatical, lexical and constructional) to allow it to produce a feature based grammar. It is the aim of this paper to give an overview of the investigation carried out so far within ARTEMIS in relation to these two aspects. We will do so by revisiting the literature in relation to the adjustments made to the linguistic models, especially to the RRG, and by reviewing the efforts made to describe the units and design the rules necessary for the parsing of simple sentences in English. Our paper will conclude by pointing at prospective research needed for the completion of this project

Study of the Rotary Bending Fatigue Resistance of 30MnB5, 41CrS4 and 30MnVS6 Steels

[Abstract] In this study, a comparative analysis of the fatigue behavior of four types of steels, three of quenching and tempering (30MnB5 subjected to two different heat treatments and 41CrS4) and one microalloyed (30MnVS6), was carried out. The objective of the study is to determine if it is feasible to replace the quenching and tempering steel traditionally used in the manufacture of commercial vehicle axles (30MnB5) with alternative ones with the same composition but with modifications in their microstructure that improve their mechanical properties; a quenched and tempered chromium steel (41CrS4) and one that is microalloyed (30MnVS6). For this, rotary-bending fatigue tests have been carried out on the four types of steels with different stress levels. The fatigue resistance of quenched and tempered steels and microalloyed steel was evaluated using the fit of Basquin’s experimental data. Where possible, the fatigue limit was determined using the maximum likelihood method. It was concluded that, in general, the fatigue resistance of chromium-alloyed steel is higher than that of the reference steel, while the rest have lower fatigue resistance. On the other hand, it was determined that the fatigue limit of microalloyed steel is higher than the reference one and that of the reference steel is higher than that of the other two steels

The interaction of parsing rules and argument-predicate constructions: implications for the structure of the grammaticon in FunGramKB

[EN] The Functional Grammar Knowledge Base (FunGramKB), (Periñán-Pascual and Arcas-Túnez 2010) is a multipurpose lexico-conceptual knowledge base designed to be used in different Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. It is complemented with the ARTEMIS (Automatically Representing Text Meaning via an Interlingua–based System) application, a parsing device linguistically grounded on Role and Reference Grammar (RRG) that transduces natural language fragments into their corresponding grammatical and semantic structures. This paper unveils the different phases involved in its parsing routine, paying special attention to the treatment of argumental constructions. As an illustrative case, we will follow all the steps necessary to effectively parse a For-Benefactive structure within ARTEMIS. This methodology will reveal the necessity to distinguish between Kernel constructs and L1-constructions, since the latter involve a modification of the lexical template of the verb. Our definition of L1-constructions leads to the reorganization of the catalogue of FunGramKB L1-constructions, formerly based on Levin’s (1993) alternations. Accordingly, a rearrangement of the internal configuration of the L1-Constructicon within the Grammaticon is proposed.Este trabajo ha sido desarrollado en el contexto del proyecto de investigación: “Desarrollo de un laboratorio virtual para el procesamiento computacional de la lengua desde un paradigma funcional”. (UNED) FF2014-53788-C3-1-P.Fumero Pérez, MDC.; Díaz Galán, A. (2017). The interaction of parsing rules and argument-predicate constructions: implications for the structure of the grammaticon in FunGramKB. Revista de Lingüística y Lenguas Aplicadas. 12:33-44. https://doi.org/10.4995/rlyla.2017.5406SWORD334412Boas, H. and Sag, I. (2012). Sign-Based Construction Grammar. Stanford, Cal.: CSLI Publications.Ferrari, G. (2004). State of the art in Computational Linguistics. Linguistics Today – Facing a Greater Challenge, 163. doi:10.1075/z.126.09ferGoldberg, A. (1995). Constructions: A construction grammar approach to argument structure. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Goldberg, A. (2006). Constructions at Work: the Nature of Generalization in Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Levin, B. (1993). English Verb Classes and Alternations. A Preliminary Investigation. Chicago / London: University of Chicago Press.Luzondo-Oyón, A., & Ruiz de Mendoza-Ibáñez, F. J. (2015). Argument structure constructions in a Natural Language Processing environment. Language Sciences, 48, 70-89. doi:10.1016/j.langsci.2015.01.001Mairal Usón, R., & Ruiz de Mendoza Ibáñez, F. J. (2009). Levels of description and explanation in meaning construction. Deconstructing Constructions, 153-198. doi:10.1075/slcs.107.08levPeri-án-Pascual, C. (2012). "En defensa del Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural Fundamentado en la Lingüística Teórica". ONOMÁZEIN, 26/2: 13-48.Periñán-Pascual, C. (2013). Towards a model of constructional meaning for natural language understanding. Linking Constructions into Functional Linguistics, 205-230. doi:10.1075/slcs.145.08perPeri-án-Pascual, C. and Arcas-Túnez, F. (2010). The Architecture of FungramKB. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, 2667-2674. Malta: European Language Resources Association.Peri-án-Pascual, C. and Arcas-Túnez, F. (2014). The implementation of the CLS constructor in ARTEMIS. In Nolan, B. and Peri-án-Pascual, C. (eds.) Language Processing and Grammars the role of functionally oriented computational models. Amsterdam / Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 164-196.Peri-án-Pascual, C. and Mairal Usón, R. (2010). "La gramática de COREL: un lenguaje de representación conceptual The COREL grammar: a conceptual representation language". ONOMÁZEIN, 21/1: 11-45.Ruiz de Mendoza Ibáñez, F. J. (2013). Meaning construction, meaning interpretation and formal expression in the Lexical Constructional Model. Linking Constructions into Functional Linguistics, 231-270. doi:10.1075/slcs.145.09ib225Ruiz de Mendoza Ibáñez, F. J., & Usón, R. M. (2008). Levels of description and constraining factors in meaning construction: an introduction to the Lexical Constructional Model. Folia Linguistica, 42(3-4). doi:10.1515/flin.2008.355Sag, I, Wasow, T. and Bender, E. (2003). Syntactic Theory: Formal Introduction. Stanford: CSLI Publications.Steels, L. (2015). "Introducing Fluid Construction Grammar". In L. Steels (ed.) Design Patterns in Fluid Construction Grammar. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 3-30.Van Valin, R. D. J. (2005). Exploring the Syntax–Semantics Interface. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511610578Van Valin, R. D., & LaPolla, R. J. (1997). Syntax. doi:10.1017/cbo9781139166799Wintner, S. (2009). What Science Underlies Natural Language Engineering? Computational Linguistics, 35(4), 641-644. doi:10.1162/coli.2009.35.4.3540

Fatigue Study of the Pre-Corroded 6082-T6 Aluminum Alloy in Saline Atmosphere

[Abstract] This work studies the influence of the saline atmospheric corrosion on the fatigue strength of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy. For this purpose, this alloy was subjected to tests in a salt spray corrosion chamber at different exposure times (1, 2, and 3 months) according to ASTM B117 standard. The morphological study of the pits was carried out by confocal microscopy. Subsequently, fatigue tests were performed at variable stresses whose maximum stress (Smax) was between 30% and 95% of the yield strength (S0) in order to keep them within the zone of elastic behavior of the material. Data were analyzed using the Basquin equation and the maximum likelihood function method. The results show a similar decrease in the conventional fatigue limit (2 × 106 cycles) after one month (98 MPa) and two months (91 MPa) of corrosion. After three months of corrosion, the material showed a very important reduction in the fatigue limit (68 MPa) with respect to the uncorroded material (131 MPa). The data of Se/S0 (fatigue limit/yield strength) versus the ratio Pm/Dm (pit average depth/pit diameter at zero depth) can be fitted to a logarithmic curve

Airborne Cupressaceae Pollen and Its Major Allergen, Cup a 1, in Urban Green Areas of Southern Iberian Peninsula

Cupressaceae pollen is responsible for winter respiratory allergies in the Mediterranean area. Pollen grains of this diverse family share the same characteristics under light microscopy. Consequently, the partial contribution of each Cupressaceae species to the airborne pollen spectrum cannot be determined with conventional aerobiological methods. Studies on major aeroallergens offer better information on the allergic sensitization and appearance of symptoms in patients sensitized to airborne pollen and spores. Our aim was to determine if airborne Cupressaceae pollen concentrations correspond to aerodynamics of the major allergen of Cupressus (Cup a 1), as well as the aeroallergen correlation with different-sized particles. The air was sampled in two cities of Southern Spain (Granada and Córdoba) using the Hirst-type volumetric sampler for airborne pollen detection during 2006 to 2008 and the Andersen Cascade Impactor for aeroallergen detection during the main pollination period of Cupressaceae in the same period. The samples were analyzed by the methodology proposed by the Spanish Aerobiology Network (REA), the minimum requirements of the European Aeroallergen Society (EAS) for pollen, and by ELISA immunoassay to detect airborne Cup a 1. The distribution patterns of airborne Cupressaceae pollen and Cup a 1 were observed throughout the sampling period, although with some irregular oscillations. Cupressaceae pollen and Cup a 1 showed positive and significant correlation during the period of maximum concentrations (January to March). However, the results of this study showed that the period of exposure of aeroallergens depends on the Cupressus species and their abundance in cities. According to the allergy potential obtained, species like C. arizonica could release more allergens than other species like C. sempervirens.Ministry of Science and Technology I + D + I of Spain CGL2006-1648-CO3-02Andalusian Government RNM 011