28 research outputs found
Sleep Patterns during the COVID-19 Lockdown in Spain
Background: To mitigate the spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, governments around the world adopted exceptional lockdown measures. This led to the disruption of normal life routines, including sleep. The aim of this study was to analyze differences in sleep patterns and subjective variables of sleep quality before and during lockdown. Methods: A sample of 1673 Spanish adults (30% men; 82% of the total were between 21 and 50 years of age) was evaluated. The following sleep variables were evaluated: Sleep latency, sleep time, number and duration of awakenings, sleep satisfaction, daytime sleepiness, and the manifestation of symptoms related to sleep problems. Results: Although 45% of people changed their sleep schedules (resulting in 42% sleeping longer during lockdown), sleep quality (37.6% worse), daytime sleepiness (28% worse), number of awakenings (36.9% more), and duration of awakenings (45% longer) were markedly worse. Statistical analyses indicated significant differences in all the evaluated sleep variables before and during lockdown in both men and women. Women reported less sleep satisfaction, and more symptoms related to sleep problems than men. Conclusions: A deterioration in the sleep patterns of the Spanish population, especially women, because of the lockdown declared due to the COVID-19 pandemic
Sleep among presentations of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Analysis of objective and subjective measures
Background/Objective: To examine subjective and objective sleep patterns in children with different
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) presentations. Method: We assessed 92
children diagnosed with ADHD (29 ADHD-Inattentive [ADHD-I], 31 ADHD-Hyperactive/Impulsive
[ADHD-H/I], and 32 ADHD-Combined [ADHD-C)]) aged 7-11 years. The Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire
(PSQ), Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS), and a sleep diary were used as
subjective sleep measures, and polysomnography was used to objectively assess sleep quantity,
quality, and fragmentation. Results: Subjective data showed impaired sleep in 12.7% of the sample.
No significant differences were found between ADHD presentations in any objective and
subjective sleep variable. Nevertheless, data on sleep fragmentation suggested a worse sleep
continuity for the ADHD-H/I group, and correlation analyses confirmed that sleep is affected by
age. Conclusions: Children with ADHD may suffer from sleep breathing problems and daytime
sleepiness, as reported by their parents, even when their total sleep time and sleep efficiency
are not affected. It seems that sleep in this population does not largely vary as a function of
the ADHD presentation. Sleep in children with ADHD evolves with age.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economyand Competitiveness [PSI2014-58046-P]
El uso de vÃdeos-tutoriales como herramienta complementaria en la formación de la educación fÃsica y el deporte en el Grado de Educación Primaria
Ranking 2019 de investigación de las universidades públicas españolas
Background:
The changes produced in the Spanish university system due to the Bologna
process require periodically updated evaluation reports of research
activity. The objective of this study is to update the last available ranking
of Spanish public universities, based on data from 2013-2018. Method:
The production and productivity of each university were assessed based
on seven specific indicators and a global score: articles in journals indexed
in the JCR (Journal Citation Reports), research periods, R+D projects,
doctoral theses, FPU (training of university professors) grants, FPI
(training of personal researchers) grants, and patents. Results: Globally,
the universities Complutense of Madrid, Barcelona, and Granada hold the
first positions in terms of production, while the first positions in terms
of productivity are held by the universities Pompeu Fabra, Autonomous
of Madrid, and Autonomous of Barcelona. Conclusions: The universities
that hold the top positions in this ranking remain relatively steady over
time and are also the Spanish universities that stand out in international
classifications.Antecedentes: los cambios producidos en el sistema universitario español
con el proceso Bolonia hacen necesaria la realización periódica de
informes de evaluación de la actividad investigadora. El objetivo de este
estudio es actualizar el último ranking disponible de investigación de las
universidades públicas españolas con los datos de 2013-2018. Método: se
evaluó la producción y productividad de cada universidad, atendiendo a
siete indicadores especÃficos y a una puntuación global: artÃculos en revistas
indexadas en el JCR (Journal Citation Reports), tramos de investigación,
proyectos I+D, tesis doctorales, ayudas FPU (formación de profesorado
universitario), ayudas FPI (formación de personal investigador) y
patentes. Resultados: a nivel global, las universidades Complutense de
Madrid, Barcelona y Granada se sitúan en las primeras posiciones en
producción, mientras que las primeras posiciones en productividad son
ocupadas por las universidades Pompeu Fabra, Autónoma de Madrid y
Autónoma de Barcelona. Conclusiones: las universidades que ocupan las
primeras posiciones en este ranking se mantienen relativamente estables
a lo largo del tiempo y son también las que destacan en clasificaciones
internacionales
Personal, scholar and social adaptation and familiar satisfaction of a child and adolescent population affected by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Antecedentes: Debido a la multitud de dificultades sociales y psicopatológicas presentes en la población infanto-juvenil con VIH, derivadas tanto de la enfermedad como del estigma asociado a ésta, se hace necesario conocer los posibles problemas de adaptación presentes en los menores afectados por el VIH de nuestra población. Método: Participaron 60 menores de entre 8 y 16 años divididos en dos grupos: un grupo muestral de 20 menores afectados por el VIH y atendidos en la unidad de infectologÃa pediátrica del Hospital Universitario Virgen del RocÃo y un grupo de comparación de 40 menores sanos pareados en sexo y edad con los participantes del grupo empÃrico (dos iguales sin VIH ni otras enfermedades crónicas por cada menor afectado por el VIH). Se solicitó el consentimiento informado a los padres y tutores de los menores de ambos grupos muestrales y posteriormente éstos cumplimentaron el Test Autoevaluativo Multifactorial de Adaptación Infantil (TAMAI). Resultados: Se observan diferencias significativas entre grupos para las escalas de inadaptación general, personal y escolar (p < 0,01) y las escalas de insatisfacción con el ambiente familiar, insatisfacción con los hermanos y educación adecuada de la madre (p < 0,05). Si bien las puntuaciones medias no alcanzan en ningún caso valores clÃnicos, se observan puntuaciones mayores en todas las variables de inadaptación e insatisfacción para el grupo muestral con VIH (exceptuando la variable de insatisfacción con los hermanos), e inferiores en las escalas de educación adecuada del padre y de la madre. Conclusiones: Si bien no se perciben grandes dificultades clÃnicas a nivel de adaptación e insatisfacción familiar, los menores con VIH presentan puntuaciones más cercanas al rango clÃnico que sus iguales sanos. Es por ello que puede considerarse esta población como un grupo de riesgo para los problemas de inadaptación, debiendo evaluarse en profundidad estas cuestiones en futuros estudios.Background: Due to the all of social and psychopathological difficulties present in children and adolescents with HIV because of both the disease and the stigma associated with this population, it is necessary to know the possible adjustment problems in the minors affected by HIV in our population. Methods: A total of 60 children from 8 to 16 years old divided into two groups: a sample group of 20 children and adolescents affected by HIV and a comparison group of 40 healthy children matched for age and gender with the participants of the empirical group (two healthy children for each child affected by HIV). Parents or caregivers and children or adolescents of both sample groups signed the informed consented and after that, they completed the self reported multifactor test of adaptation (Test Autoevaluativo Multifactorial de Adaptación Infantil, TAMAI). Results: There were significant differences between groups in the scales of general maladjustment, personal and school (p < .01) and in the scales of dissatisfaction with family, dissatisfaction with brothers and sisters and proper education of the mother (p < .05). Conclusions: Although there were not perceived clinical difficulties in adaptation and family dissatisfaction, the minors with HIV have scores closest to the clinical range than their healthy peers. That is why this population can be considered as a risk group for the problems of maladjustment. These issues should be researched in future studies
Driven progressive evolution of genome sequence complexity in Cyanobacteria
Progressive evolution, or the tendency towards increasing complexity, is a controversial issue
in biology, which resolution entails a proper measurement of complexity. Genomes are the best
entities to address this challenge, as they encode the historical information of a species’ biotic
and environmental interactions. As a case study, we have measured genome sequence complexity
in the ancient phylum Cyanobacteria. To arrive at an appropriate measure of genome sequence
complexity, we have chosen metrics that do not decipher biological functionality but that show
strong phylogenetic signal. Using a ridge regression of those metrics against root-to-tip distance,
we detected positive trends towards higher complexity in three of them. Lastly, we applied three
standard tests to detect if progressive evolution is passive or driven—the minimum, ancestor–
descendant, and sub-clade tests. These results provide evidence for driven progressive evolution at
the genome-level in the phylum Cyanobacteria.Generalitat Valenciana
Prometeo/2018/A/133European Union (EU)Fulbright fellowship (Spanish Minister of Science, Innovation and Universities)SAF2015-65878-RAGL2017-88702-C2-2-RPGC2018-099344-B-I0
Progressive genome evolution in Cyanobacteria
Resumen del trabajo presentado a la VII Biennial Congress of Sociedad Española de BiologÃa Evolutiva (SEBE), celebrada en Sevilla (España) del 5 al 7 de febrero de 2020.Progressive evolution, the tendency towards increasing complexity, is a controversial issue in Biology, whose resolution requires the proper measurement of complexity. To address this challenge, we consider that genomes are the best entities to measure complexity because they record the history and information gain of organisms in their ongoing biotic and environmental interactions. By recurring to six metrics that measure genome complexity, which are not primarily associated to functionality, we report the existence of progressive evolution towards higher genome complexity in the evolution of the Cyanobacteria phylum. We show that these complexity metrics plus three additional genome parameters present statistically significant phylogenetic signal in Cyanobacteria. Moreover, a ridge regression of genome complexity metrics against evolutionary age shows that three out of six present a positively driven evolutionary trend towards higher complexity. These findings support the existence of progressive genome evolution in this ancient and diverse group of organisms.Peer reviewe
Ahora / Ara
La cinquena edició del microrelatari per l’eradicació de la violència contra les dones de l’Institut Universitari d’Estudis Feministes i de Gènere «Purificación Escribano» de la Universitat Jaume I vol ser una declaració d’esperança. Aquest és el moment en el qual les dones (i els homes) hem de fer un pas endavant i eliminar la violència sistèmica contra les dones. Ara és el moment de denunciar el masclisme i els micromasclismes començant a construir una societat més igualità ria.
Cadascun dels relats del llibre és una denúncia i una declaració que ens encamina cap a un món millor
Análisis de la relación entre el sueño, el rendimiento cognitivo y los sÃntomas de inatención, hiperactividad e impulsividad en niños
Esta tesis doctoral surgió de la necesidad de un mayor número de estudios sobre
el rendimiento cognitivo y las caracterÃsticas del sueño en el trastorno por déficit de
atención con hiperactividad (TDAH), y en la impulsividad cognitiva. Necesidad
derivada de las discrepancias existentes en la literatura en cuanto a los niños con
TDAH, y de la falta de mayor información sobre los problemas a nivel cognitivo y las
caracterÃsticas del sueño particulares de los niños con impulsividad cognitiva sin
ninguna patologÃa psiquiátrica o psicológica asociada.
Por consiguiente, el objetivo general de la tesis doctoral era evaluar los
problemas de sueño y el rendimiento cognitivo en niños con TDAH, niños con
impulsividad cognitiva, y niños sin TDAH y con un estilo cognitivo más reflexivo. Para
la consecución de este objetivo general, desglosado en cuatro objetivos especÃficos, se
llevaron a cabo cinco estudios. A continuación se presentan los resúmenes
correspondientes a esos estudios, junto al objetivo especÃfico que se perseguÃa con los
mismos.Tesis Univ. Granada. Programa Oficial de Doctorado en: PiscologÃaMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación: referencia EDU2010-2121
Tesis doctorales en PsicologÃa tras la adaptación al Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior
The goal of this study was to analyze the scientific productivity in Psycho-logy of Spanish universities based on the doctoral theses presented since the adaptation to the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) (academic courses 2007/2008–2017/2018). We analyzed 3,493 theses retrieved through TESEO database, considering academic course, European/International mention, Psychology area, state/private university, auto-nomous community, and productivity ratio per community. The results showed a signifi-cant increase in the number of theses defended compared with previous years, according to the results of prior studies, which might indicate an improvement on the scientific productivity of Spanish universities after the adaptation to the EHEA. It would be advisa-ble the performance of further studies in this line of research in forthcoming years, by using other indicators such as funding and facilities.El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la productividad cientÃfica en Psico-logÃa de las universidades españolas en función de las tesis doctorales presentadas desde la adaptación al Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES) (cursos académicos 2007/2008-2017/2018). Se analizaron 3.493 tesis recuperadas a través de la base de datos TESEO, atendiendo al curso académico, mención europea/internacional, área de la Psico-logÃa, titularidad de la Universidad, comunidad autónoma y ratio de productividad por comunidad. Los resultados mostraron un aumento considerable en el número de tesis defendidas con respecto a años anteriores de acuerdo a los resultados de estudios previos, lo que podrÃa indicar una mejora de la productividad cientÃfica de las universidades es-pañolas tras la adaptación al EEES. SerÃa conveniente la realización de más estudios en esta lÃnea de investigación en los próximos años utilizando otros indicadores como finan-ciación e infraestructuras