Evaluation of the Storage Conditions and Type of Cork Stopper on the Quality of Bottled White Wines

The effects of different storage conditions, light exposure, temperature and different commercially available cork stoppers on the phenolic, volatile and sensorial profile of Verdejo wines were studied. Two natural corks of different visual quality and a microgranulated cork stopper were investigated over one year at two different storage conditions. One simulating light exposure and temperature in retail outlets and the other simulating optimal cellar conditions (darkness and 12 °C). The wines stored under commercial conditions showed greater losses of total and free SO2 and higher levels of brown-yellowish tones, related to the oxidation of flavan-3-ols. Although these wines underwent a decrease in the total content of stilbenes, a significant increase in trans-piceid was observed. In addition, these wines suffered important changes in their volatile and sensory profile. Volatile compounds with fruity and floral aromas decreased significantly, while volatile compounds related to aged-type characters, as linalool oxides, vitispirane, TDN or furan derivatives increased. Wines stored in darkness at 12 °C underwent minor changes and their sensory profiles were similar to wine before bottling. The high-quality natural corks and microgranulated corks better preserved the quality of the white wines from a sensory point of view. These results showed that temperature and light exposure conditions (diffuse white LEDs and 24 ± 2 °C) in retail outlets considerably decrease the quality of bottled white wines and, consequently, their shelf life, due to the premature development of aged-type charactersThis research was funded by Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (JCCM, Spain), Project SBPLY-17-180501-000445S

Respuestas adaptativas de comunidades campesinas ante los efectos del cambio climático, Parque Nacional Viñales

With the Green Revolution’s development, agriculture was intensified with the aim of ensuring abundant and safe food production, without taking into account natural resources, agrobiodiversity, and the climate would not change with the application of these intensive actions in agriculture, this model is beingunsustainable and dependent on external resources. That is why it is necessary to move towards agroecological agriculture, introduction of efficient technologies,development of investments in adaptation and mitigation, and changes in global consumption. The study allows an evaluation of the experiences validated in ruralcommunities, through the introduction of new agroecological practices and the design of more resistant and sustainable agricultural systems in the buffer zone and socioeconomic area of the Viñales National Park protected area. The work compares land uses and changes, based on the evaluation of sustainability indicators, applying agroecological techniques as a response and adaptation of farmers to climate change, from 2005 to 2019, and its agroecological transformations through the introduction of new methods of sustainable agriculture, as well as assessing the resilience level of each farm, with the support of the Center for Research and Environmental Services and the Global Small Grants Program and the Association of Small Farmers.Con el desarrollo de la Revolución Verde se intensificó la agricultura, con el objetivo de asegurar una producción de alimentos abundante y segura, sin tener en cuenta los recursos naturales, la agrobiodiversidad y que el clima no cambiaría con la aplicación de estas medidas intensivas en la agricultura, siendo este modelo insostenible y dependiente de recursos externos. Es por ello que es necesario transitar hacia una agricultura agroecológica, introducción de tecnologíaseficientes, desarrollo de inversiones en adaptación y mitigación, y cambios en las conductas de consumo a nivel global. El estudio permite realizar una evaluación de las experiencias validadas en comunidades campesinas, mediante la introducción de nuevas prácticas agroecológicas y el diseño de sistemas agrícolas más resistentes y sostenibles en la zona de amortiguamiento y socioeconómica del área protegida Parque Nacional Viñales. En el trabajo se hace una comparación de los usos y cambios de la tierra, a partir de la evaluación de indicadores de sustentabilidad, aplicando técnicas agroecológicas como respuesta y adaptación de los campesinos ante el cambio climático, desde el 2005 al 2019, y su transformación agroecológica a través de la introducción de nuevos métodos de agricultura sostenible, asícomo evaluar el nivel de resiliencia de cada finca, con el apoyo del Centro de investigaciones y Servicios Ambientales y el Programa Global de Pequeñas Donaciones yla Asociación de Agricultores Pequeños

Bladder cancer index: cross-cultural adaptation into Spanish and psychometric evaluation

BACKGROUND: The Bladder Cancer Index (BCI) is so far the only instrument applicable across all bladder cancer patients, independent of tumor infiltration or treatment applied. We developed a Spanish version of the BCI, and assessed its acceptability and metric properties. METHODS: For the adaptation into Spanish we used the forward and back-translation method, expert panels, and cognitive debriefing patient interviews. For the assessment of metric properties we used data from 197 bladder cancer patients from a multi-center prospective study. The Spanish BCI and the SF-36 Health Survey were self-administered before and 12 months after treatment. Reliability was estimated by Cronbach's alpha. Construct validity was assessed through the multi-trait multi-method matrix. The magnitude of change was quantified by effect sizes to assess responsiveness. RESULTS: Reliability coefficients ranged 0.75-0.97. The validity analysis confirmed moderate associations between the BCI function and bother subscales for urinary (r = 0.61) and bowel (r = 0.53) domains; conceptual independence among all BCI domains (r ≤ 0.3); and low correlation coefficients with the SF-36 scores, ranging 0.14-0.48. Among patients reporting global improvement at follow-up, pre-post treatment changes were statistically significant for the urinary domain and urinary bother subscale, with effect sizes of 0.38 and 0.53. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish BCI is well accepted, reliable, valid, responsive, and similar in performance compared to the original instrument. These findings support its use, both in Spanish and international studies, as a valuable and comprehensive tool for assessing quality of life across a wide range of bladder cancer patients

Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain : Large-Scale Epidemiological Study

(1) Aims: To assess the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Spain, to describe the main epidemiological and clinical characteristics at diagnosis and the evolution of the disease, and to explore the use of drug treatments. (2) Methods: Prospective, population-based nationwide registry. Adult patients diagnosed with IBD-Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) or IBD unclassified (IBD-U)-during 2017 in Spain were included and were followed-up for 1 year. (3) Results: We identified 3611 incident cases of IBD diagnosed during 2017 in 108 hospitals covering over 22 million inhabitants. The overall incidence (cases/100,000 person-years) was 16 for IBD, 7.5 for CD, 8 for UC, and 0.5 for IBD-U; 53% of patients were male and median age was 43 years (interquartile range = 31-56 years). During a median 12-month follow-up, 34% of patients were treated with systemic steroids, 25% with immunomodulators, 15% with biologics and 5.6% underwent surgery. The percentage of patients under these treatments was significantly higher in CD than UC and IBD-U. Use of systemic steroids and biologics was significantly higher in hospitals with high resources. In total, 28% of patients were hospitalized (35% CD and 22% UC patients, p < 0.01). (4) Conclusion: The incidence of IBD in Spain is rather high and similar to that reported in Northern Europe. IBD patients require substantial therapeutic resources, which are greater in CD and in hospitals with high resources, and much higher than previously reported. One third of patients are hospitalized in the first year after diagnosis and a relevant proportion undergo surgery

Correction : Chaparro et al. Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain: Large-Scale Epidemiological Study. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 2885

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]

Marco general del panorama planificador español: caso particular de galicia

En el momento actual, la ordenación territorial ha dejado de estar plenamente ligada a la planificación económica. En este sentido, la reciente planificación del medio natural y, por tanto, de los espacios naturales tiene un carácter integral, con el mantenimiento de unos sistemas de aprovechamiento mixtos. Este modelo pretende armonizar la protección medioambiental con el desarrollo de una economía rural haciendo compatibles los sistemas sociales con los ecológicos. En la presente comunicación, partiendo del análisis del panorama planificador español, analizamos el estado actual de la planificación y gestión de Espacios Naturales Protegidos en España, incidiendo en el caso concreto de Galicia

Autoécologie des chênaies de Quercus robur L. en Galice (Espagne)

Autoecology of oaks (Quercus robur L.) in Galicia (Spain). A parametric characterization of the biotypes currently in stands of “carballo” (Quercus robur L) in Galicia (Spain) is presented. For this, an inventory of a total of 39 plots has been made. Twenty-eight ecological parameters characteristic of each biotype as well as 14 more to characterize forest mensuration and silviculture of studied oaklands were elaborated. This information has permitted the determination of the fisiographic, climatic and edaphic habitat of Quercus robur in central and marginal area in Galicia, as well as the characterisation of the actual situation from a silvicultural stands point of view. Galician oakwoods are highly heterogeneous, as well in biotype location as their use and management they had been subjected. Their altitudinal difference is near to 1200 m and this signify a mean temperature difference of 7.3 ºC. The annual precipitation average is 1371.9 mm ; with 164 mm in summer rains, in consequence summer dryness is very scarce. The soils, mainly cambisols, are strongly acidic, with a dominant sandy textural composition due to the nature of their geological origin, which are by and large granite and schist rocks.Une caractérisation paramétrique des biotopes occupés actuellement par des formations de « carballo » (Quercus robur L.) est présentée pour la Galice (Espagne). Pour ceci, on a inventorié un total de 39 parcelles et on a élaboré 28 paramètres écologiques caractéristiques du biotope, avec 14 autres paramètres qui caractérisent de façon dendrométrique et sylvicole les chênaies inventoriées. Cette information a permis de définir l’habitat physiographique, climatique et édaphique, central et marginal, de Quercus robur en Galice, ainsi que d’établir la caractérisation de la situation actuelle de ses massifs d’un point de vue dendrométrique et sylvicole. Les chênaies galiciennes présentent une hétérogénéité élevée aussi bien dans les biotopes où elles se situent que dans l’utilisation et la gestion auxquelles elles ont été soumises. La variation altitudinale est supérieure à 1200 m, ceci se traduit par une différence de température moyenne de 7,3 °C. Les précipitations moyennes annuelles sont de 1371,9 mm, la moyenne estivale atteint 164 mm, en conséquence, l’aridité estivale est très faible. Les sols, en majorité des cambisols, sont fortement acides, avec une composition texturale à dominante sableuse, ceci est dû à la nature des matériaux géologiques (granites et schistes) desquels ils proviennent

Autécologie du chêne tauzin (Quercus pyrenaica Willd.) en Galice (Espagne)

Autecology of rebollo oak (Quercus pyrenaica Willd.) in Galicia (Spain). The present work was focused as an ecological and tree mensuration Quercus pyrenaica stands study in Galicia. With that objective, a parametric characterization of the species actual located biotypes was made measuring 40 plots and 33 ecological parameters and another 14 tree mensuration and sylvicultural ones. This data has allowed to determine physiographic, climatic and edaphic habitat, central and marginal, of Quercus pyrenaica in Galicia. The results shows that this forests are more dry and less productive than Quercus robur and Q. petraea stands, what means abandonment of the traditional uses like firewood and a great fire risk with its sequential degradation. This situation involves a lot difficult to find good stands of Quercus pyrenaica. As summary it could be said that this forests present an altitudinal variation higher to 1000 m, what means an average temperature difference near to 6 °C, and the annual precipitation average is 1067.5 mm, being the summer average 115.2 mm, with somewhere summer drought.Le présent travail traite de l’étude des « rebollares » (bois de Quercus pyrenaica Willd.) en Galice, tant d’un point de vue écologique que dendrométrique. Pour cela nous avons réalisé une caractérisation paramétrique des biotopes que cette espèce occupe actuellement. Nous avons installé des parcelles en 40 points de l’échantillonnage et nous avons élaboré 33 paramètres écologiques caractéristiques du biotope, ainsi que 14 paramètres dendrométriques et sylvicoles. Ceci nous a permis de déterminer l’habitat topographique, climatique et édaphique, à la fois central et marginal, de Quercus pyrenaica en Galice, ainsi que d’évaluer la situation actuelle des peuplements qu’ils occupent d’un point de vue sylvicole. Il s’agit de forêts plutôt xérophiles, moins productives que les chênaies de Quercus robur et de Q. petraea, ce qui explique qu’elles soient plus exposées aux incendies. Ceci provoque la dégradation de la plupart d’entre elles, accentuée par l’abandon des traditionnelles exploitations de bois de chauffage et de charbon végétal. C’est pourquoi il est difficile de trouver de bons peuplements de bois de chênes tauzins, ainsi que des pieds de taille élevée. Ils s’installent à une altitude de variation supérieure à 1000 m, ce qui met en évidence une différence de température moyenne supérieure à 6 °C. Les précipitations annuelles moyennes sont de 1067,5 mm, la moyenne estivale est de 112,7 mm, ce qui signale une sécheresse estivale à certains endroits