El cultivo del latín en el siglo X

Desde el siglo VI o VII en que cambia aceleradamente la estructura de la lengua coloquial, que pasa de ser un latín común más o menos unificado a presentar variedades románicas, el latín, prácticamente ya sólo bajo su forma escrita, se convirtió en una especie de superlengua cultural, la única que desempeña la importante función de lengua escrita y sirve como lengua literaria tanto de la antigua comunidad latino-hablante, como de otras muchas regiones que nunca habían conocido el latín como lengua propia y que ahora lo asumen en su competencia de vehículo cultural, científico y literario.In the centuries VI or VII rapidly changes the structure of the colloquial language. It goes from being a common Latin more or less unified to submit Romanesque varieties. The latin, practically already only under its written form, became a kind of cultural superlengua that plays the important role of written language and literary. In many other regions that had never known the latin as the language itself now assume it as a cultural, scientific and literary vehicle

Achieving competence-based curriculum in Engineering Education in Spain

5 tables, 5 figures, 10 pagesThe fact of placing competences and outcomes learning at the heart of the academic activity means overhauling the curricular architecture of higher education in Europe. Some universities have undergone important transformations moving toward a competence-based learning environment, while others maintain traditional curriculum packaged formats. In the realm of the European Higher Education Area, this paper examines the use of competence-based initiatives in curricular development for engineering degrees with special focus to the Spanish case. Although the concept of competence and competence-based learning has a long history in education and training research, these terms are still very diffuse and demand a clear conceptualization. In the first part of this paper, we provide a conceptual overview and a critical reflection of competences as implemented in a wide range of settings, including its origins, key concepts, and definitions. Next, we discuss the purposes, principles, pitfalls, and processes that enable defining a map of competences within engineering education. Lastly, we present a pilot project involving curriculum development and faculty enhancement within a competence-based learning initiative in Electronic Engineering.This work was supported in part by the Program of European Convergence (Universidad Politécnica de Valencia) and developed within the Project of Adaptation to the European Higher Education in the School of Design Engineering.Peer reviewe

Implicit and implicit-explicit Lagrange-projection finite volume schemes exactly well-balanced for 1D shallow water system

In this paper we consider the Lagrange-Projection technique in the framework of finite volume schemes applied to the shallow water system. We shall consider two versions of the scheme for the Lagrangian step: one fully implicit and one implicit-explicit, based on how the geometric source term is treated. First and second order well-balanced versions of the schemes are presented, in which the water at rest solutions are preserved. This allows to obtain efficient numerical schemes in low Froude number regimes, as the usual CFL restriction driven by the acoustic waves is avoided.This work is partially supported by projects RTI2018-096064-B-C21 and RTI2018-096064-B-C22 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and “ERDF A way of making Europe”, projects P18-RT-3163 of Junta de Andalucía and UMA18-FEDERJA-161 of Junta de Andalucía-FEDER-University of Málaga. C. Caballero-Cárdenas is supported by the grant FPI2019/087773 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and “ESF Investing in your future”. // Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga/CBUA

Effectiveness of a Multifactorial Intervention in the First 1000 Days of Life to Prevent Obesity and Overweight in Childhood: Study Protoco

(1) Background: Obesity is a global health problem, and its prevention must be a priority goal of public health, especially considering the seriousness of the problem among children. It is known that fetal and early postnatal environments may favor the appearance of obesity in later life. In recent years, the impact of the programs to prevent obesity in childhood has been scarce. The aim of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention based on the concept of early programming. (2) Methods: Non-randomized controlled trial design. Inclusion criteria are: two-year-old infants whose gestational period begins in the 14 months following the start of the intervention, and whose mothers have made the complete follow-up of their pregnancy in the same clinical unit of the study. The intervention will be developed over all the known factors that affect early programming, during pregnancy up to 2 years of life. Data will be collected through a data collection sheet by the paediatricians. A unibivariate and multivariate analysis of the data will be carried out. (3) Ethics and dissemination: The trial does not involve any risk to participants and their offspring. Signed informed consent is obtained from all participants. Ethical approval has been obtained. (4) Results: It is expected that this study will provide evidence on the importance of the prevention of obesity from the critical period of the first 1000 days of life, being able to establish this as a standard intervention in primary care

Respuesta ambiental de seis variedades de maíz de clima frío

Maíz-Zea may

Analog Models of Fold-and-Thrust Wedges in Progressive Arcs: A Comparison With the Gibraltar Arc External Wedge

The timing and kinematics of the different types of structures and the associated vertical-axis rotations that permit an arcuate external wedge to acquire progressively its curved shape throughout its deformation history—known as progressive arcs—are key questions in natural cases of arcuate fold-and-thrust belts that we want to address through analog modeling. We present laboratory models of fold-and-thrust belts formed with a backstop that deforms in map view to simulate progressive arcs in a thin-skinned tectonic regime. Our setup makes use of a deformable backstop rigid enough to push from behind the initial parallelepiped but deformable in map view. This innovative design permits us to increase the amplitude of the arc indenting in the model as its radius of curvature decreases, that is, it simulates a progressive arc. Taking the Gibraltar Arc external wedge situated in the western Mediterranean to scale our models in terms of rheology, velocities, and sizes, four types of experiments were made. We varied the type of substratum (sand or silicone), the silicone thickness, and the width and length of the initial analog pack in order to test the influence of each of these parameters on the resulting fold-and-thrust belts. All experiments led to the formation of arcuate wedges where strain was partitioned into: (a) arc-perpendicular shortening, accommodated by thrusts which main structural trend is broadly subparallel to the indenter shape and with divergent transport directions, and (b) arc-parallel stretching, accommodated by normal and conjugate strike-slip faults. The normal and strike-slip faults contributed to the fold-and-thrust belt segmentation and the formation of independent blocks that rotated clockwise and counterclockwise depending on their position within the progressive arc. Our experiments allow to simulate and understand the finite deformation mode of the external wedge of the Gibraltar Arc. Accordingly, they shed light on how an arcuate fold-and-thrust belt can develop progressively in terms of structural trend and transport directions, types and distribution of the structures accommodating strain partition, and timing of vertical-axis rotations.This study was supported by projects RNM-0451, EST1/00231, CGL2017-89051-P, PGC2018-100914-B-I00, and UPO 1259543

An Efficient Two-Layer Non-hydrostatic Approach for Dispersive Water Waves

In this paper, we propose a two-layer depth-integrated non-hydrostatic system with improved dispersion relations. This improvement is obtained through three free parameters: two of them related to the representation of the pressure at the interface and a third one that controls the relative position of the interface concerning the total height. These parameters are then optimized to improve the dispersive properties of the resulting system. The optimized model shows good linear wave characteristics up to kH ≈ 10, that can be improved for long waves. The system is solved using an efficient formally second-order well-balanced and positive preserving hybrid finite volume/difference numerical scheme. The scheme consists of a two-step algorithm based on a projection-correction type scheme. First, the hyperbolic part of the system is discretized using a Polynomial Viscosity Matrix path-conservative finite-volume method. Second, the dispersive terms are solved using finite differences. The method has been applied to idealized and challenging physical situations that involve nearshore breaking. Agreement with laboratory data is excellent. This technique results in an accurate and efficient method

SOPHIE velocimetry of Kepler transit candidates XVI. Tomographic measurement of the low obliquity of KOI-12b, a warm Jupiter transiting a fast rotator

We present the detection and characterization of the transiting warm Jupiter KOI-12b, first identified with Kepler with an orbital period of 17.86 days. We combine the analysis of Kepler photometry with Doppler spectroscopy and line-profile tomography of time-series spectra obtained with the SOPHIE spectrograph to establish its planetary nature and derive its properties. To derive reliable estimates for the uncertainties on the tomographic model parameters, we devised an empirical method to calculate statistically independent error bars on the time-series spectra. KOI-12b has a radius of 1.43$\pm$0.13$R_\mathrm{Jup}$ and a 3$\sigma$ upper mass limit of 10$M_\mathrm{Jup}$. It orbits a fast-rotating star ($v$sin$i_{\star}$ = 60.0$\pm$0.9 km s$^{-1}$) with mass and radius of 1.45$\pm$0.09 $M_\mathrm{Sun}$ and 1.63$\pm$0.15 $R_\mathrm{Sun}$, located at 426$\pm$40 pc from the Earth. Doppler tomography allowed a higher precision on the obliquity to be reached by comparison with the analysis of the Rossiter-McLaughlin radial velocity anomaly, and we found that KOI-12b lies on a prograde, slightly misaligned orbit with a low sky-projected obliquity $\lambda$ = 12.6$\stackrel{+3.0}{_{-2.9}}^\circ$. The properties of this planetary system, with a 11.4 magnitude host-star, make of KOI-12b a precious target for future atmospheric characterization.Comment: 19 pages, 10 figure