Las expectativas en la interacción profesor-alumno

La autora estudia en este artículo un tema tan relevante en el campo de la psicología de la educación como es el del influjo que las expectativas del profesor pueden llegar a tener sobre la conducta y rendimiento académico del alumno. Para ello, estudia las investigaciones que, a partir de 1968 con la obra de Rosenthal y Jacobson, han influido más notablemente en el conocimiento de la interacción profesor-alumno

Educación intercultural y cooperación. Una nueva interacción educativa para un mundo que también es diferente

In this paper we present some insights and methodological proposals, developed as a result of long-term research on how to put into practice the aims of intercultural education, in such way that it may be possible to advance simultaneously both in equal rights and in the right to one’s own identity. From this perspective, we are presently carrying out the program Prevention after 11-M, in an attempt to prevent the serious events experienced from hindering the values of tolerance, intercultural respect and non-violence, with which our society identifi es itself. The concept of intercultural education that we propose tries to answer the main challenges raised by present social changes, redefi ning the educational roles within cooperation frameworks, articulating interculturalism from a gender perspective within a non-violent curriculum, in order to progress as regards respect for human rights. In our methodological proposals, in accordance with case-analysis methodology, examples of how these are perceived by participating teachers and students are included.En este artículo se presentan refl exiones y propuestas metodológicas desarrolladas a través de una larga serie de investigaciones sobre cómo llevar a la práctica los objetivos de la educación intercultural, de forma que sea posible avanzar simultáneamente en la igualdad de derechos y en el derecho a la propia identidad (Díaz-Aguado, 1992, 1996, 2002, 2003), desde cuya perspectiva estamos actualmente llevando a cabo el programa Prevenir tras el 11-M, para evitar que los graves acontecimientos sufridos obstaculicen los valores de tolerancia, respeto intercultural y no-violencia con los que se identifi ca nuestra sociedad. El concepto de educación intercultural que aquí se propone pretende responder a los principales retos planteados por los actuales cambios sociales redefi niendo los papeles educativos desde esquemas de cooperación, articulando el interculturalismo desde una perspectiva de género con el currículum de la no-violencia, para avanzar en el respeto a los derechos humanos. Siguiendo la metodología del análisis de casos, en las propuestas metodológicas se incluyen ejemplos de cómo las percibe el profesorado y el alumnado participante

La relación entre el tipo de educación escolar y el nivel de razonamiento moral : tesis doctoral

Fac. de PsicologíaTRUEProQuestpu

La relación entre el tipo de educación escolar y el nivel de razonamiento moral : tesis doctoral

Fac. de PsicologíaTRUEProQuestpu

Diversidad de enemigos naturales de pulgones en cultivos de lechuga

Este trabajo ha sido subvencionado por la beca predoctoral del Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología: AGL2003-0753-C03-01 y forma parte de la Tesis Doctoral de I. Morales (BES-2004-5217)

Variability of the Pr77 sequence of L1Tc retrotransposon among six T. cruzi strains belonging to different discrete typing units (DTUs)

All trypanosomatid genomes are colonized by non-LTR retrotransposons which exhibit a highly conserved 77-nt sequence at their 5′ ends, known as the Pr77-hallmark (Pr77). The wide distribution of Pr77 is expected to be related to the gene regulation processes in these organisms as it has promoter and HDV-like ribozyme activities at the DNA and RNA levels, respectively. The identification of Pr77 hallmark-bearing retrotransposons and the study of the associations of mobile elements with relevant genes have been analyzed in the genomes of six strains of Trypanosoma cruzi belonging to different discrete typing units (DTUs) and with different geographical origins and host/vectors. The genomes have been sequenced, assembled and annotated. BUSCO analyses indicated a good quality for the assemblies that were used in comparative analyses. The results show differences among the six genomes in the copy number of genes related to virulence processes, the abundance of retrotransposons bearing the Pr77 sequence and the presence of the Pr77 hallmarks not associated with retroelements. The analyses also show frequent associations of Pr77-bearing retrotransposons and single Pr77 hallmarks with genes coding for trans-sialidases, RHS, MASP or hypothetical proteins, showing variable proportion depending on the type of retroelement, gene class and parasite strain. These differences in the genomic distribution of active retroelements and other Pr77-containing elements have shaped the genome architecture of these six strains and might be contributing to the phenotypic variability existing among the

Nuevo banco de ítems para evaluar adaptativamente los Cinco Grandes

Even though the Five Factor Model (FFM) has been the dominant paradigm in personality research for the past two decades, very few studies have measured the FFM adaptively. Thus, the purpose of this research was the building of a new item pool to develop a computerized adaptive test (CAT) for personality assessment. Method: A pool of 480 items that measured the FFM facets was developed and applied to 826 participants. Facets were calibrated separately and item selection was performed being mindful of the preservation of unidimensionality of each facet. Then, a post-hoc simulation study was carried out to test the performance of separate CATs to measure the facets. Results: The final item pool was composed of 360 items with good psychometric properties. Findings reveal that a CAT administration of four items per facet (total length of 120 items) provides accurate facets scores, while maintaining the factor structure of the FFM. Conclusions: An item pool with good psychometric properties was obtained and a CAT simulation study demonstrated that the FFM facets could be measured with precision using a third of the items in the poolA pesar de que el Modelo de los Cinco Factores (MCF) ha sido el paradigma predominante durante las últimas dos décadas, muy pocos estudios han medido el MCF de forma adaptativa. El objetivo de esta investigación fue construir un nuevo banco de ítems para desarrollar un test adaptativo informatizado (TAI) para evaluar la personalidad. Método: se desarrolló un banco de 480 ítems para evaluar las facetas del MCF y se aplicó a 826 participantes. Cada faceta se calibró por separado y la selección de ítems se realizó atendiendo a que cada faceta fuese unidimensional. Después se realizó un estudio de simulación post-hoc para evaluar la efi ciencia de TAIs a nivel de facetas. Resultados: el banco final estaba formado por 360 ítems con buenas propiedades psicométricas. Los resultados demostraron que la aplicación adaptativa de cuatro ítems por faceta proporciona puntuaciones precisas en las mismas, al mismo tiempo que se mantiene la estructura factorial del MCF. Conclusiones: el banco final está formado por ítems con buenas propiedades psicométricas. La aplicación adaptativa del banco permite medir la personalidad de forma eficiente a nivel de facetas utilizando una tercera parte de los ítemsThe research has been funded by the Ministry of Economy and Competitivity of Spain (PSI2013-44300-P), and the UAM-IIC Chair «Psychometric Models and Applications

El nuevo seguro de ingresos de la patata: Una evaluación preliminar

[EN] In 2003 and 2004, an insurance product that protects against market risks of agricultural commodities was offered in Spain. It consists on a revenue insurance product which has been launched as a pilot program for mid-season and late potato in five Spanish provinces (Álava, Burgos, La Rioja, León and Valladolid). The objective of this article is to describe the characteristics of this insurance product and to perform a preliminary evaluation of the seasons it was marketed. We start from a conceptual approach to the market risk management instruments, that constitute the context for the current program. Later, we explain the price model used to define market reference prices and the premia, checking the quality of the statistical price model against the potato farm-gate prices. Finally, the article ends with a preliminary valuation/ assessment of this first pilot experience in Spain, stressing those aspects which are liable/prone to be improved and reckoning the possible extensions of this insurance line to other potato varieties, provinces and also to other agricultural commodities.[ES] En 2003 y 2004, se ofreció por primera vez en España un seguro que protege contra la caída de precios en origen de un producto agrícola. Se trata de un seguro de rentas lanzado con carácter piloto para las producciones de patata de media estación y patata tardía en cinco provincias españolas (Álava, Burgos, La Rioja, León y Valladolid). El objetivo de este trabajo es describir las características del seguro y realizar una evaluación preliminar de las campañas en que ha funcionado. Se parte de una aproximación conceptual a los instrumentos de gestión de riesgos de mercado, en cuyo contexto se enmarca el presente seguro. Posteriormente se explica el modelo de precios empleado para definir los precios de referencia del mercado y las primas, contrastando la calidad estadística del modelo con los precios en origen de la patata. Finalmente el trabajo concluye con una valoración preliminar de esta primera experiencia piloto en España, incidiendo en los aspectos que pueden ir mejorándose y reflexionando sobre posibles ampliaciones de esta línea de aseguramiento a otras variedades y provincias de patata y también a otras producciones.Estavillo Dorado, J.; Aguado Manzanares, S.; Bielza Díaz-Caneja, M.; Garrido Colmenero, A.; Sumpsi Viñas, JM. (2005). The new potato revenue insurance: A preliminary evaluation. Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales - Agricultural and Resource Economics. 5(9):139-163. doi:10.7201/earn.2005.09.06SWORD1391635

Influence of non-osteoporotic treatments in patients on active anti-osteoporotic therapy: evidence from the OSTEOMED registry

Producción CientíficaPurpose To evaluate the effect of different non-osteoporotic drugs on the increase or decrease in the risk of incident fragility fractures (vertebral, humerus or hip) in a cohort of patients diagnosed with osteoporosis on active anti-osteoporotic therapy. Methods For this retrospective longitudinal study, baseline and follow-up data on prescribed non-osteoporotic treatments and the occurrence of vertebral, humerus or hip fractures in 993 patients from the OSTEOMED registry were analyzed using logistic regression models. The drugs evaluated with a possible beneficial effect were thiazides and statins, while the drugs evaluated with a possible harmful effect were antiandrogens, aromatase inhibitors, proton pump inhibitors, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, benzodiazepines, GnRH agonists, thyroid hormones, and oral and inhaled corticosteroids. Results Logistic regression analyses indicated that no treatment significantly improved fracture risk, with the only treatments that significantly worsened fracture risk being letrozole (OR = 0.18, p-value = 0.03) and oral corticosteroids at doses ≤ 5 mg/ day (OR = 0.16, p-value = 0.03) and > 5 mg/day (OR = 0.27, p-value = 0.04). Conclusion The potential beneficial or detrimental effects of the different drugs evaluated on fracture risk are masked by treatment with anabolic or antiresorptive drugs that have a more potent action on bone metabolism, with two exceptions: letrozole and oral corticosteroids. These findings may have important clinical implications, as patients receiving these treat- ments are not fully protected by bisphosphonates, which may imply the need for more potent anti-osteoporotic drugs such as denosumab or teriparatide.Publicación en abierto financiada por el Consorcio de Bibliotecas Universitarias de Castilla y León (BUCLE), con cargo al Programa Operativo 2014ES16RFOP009 FEDER 2014-2020 DE CASTILLA Y LEÓN, Actuación:20007-CL - Apoyo Consorcio BUCL

Behavior competence development through e-learning: experience at the undergraduate level in the context of Aula a Distancia Abierta (ADA) Madrid, Spain

This communication presents the results of an innovative approach for competencedevelopment suggesting a new methodology for the integration of these elements in professional development within the ADA initiative (AulaaDistanciaAbierta, Distance and Open Classroom) of the Community of Madrid. The main objective of this initiative is to promote the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) for educational activities by creating a new learning environment structured on the premises of commitment to self–learning, individual work, communication and virtual interaction, and self and continuous assessment. Results from this experience showed that conceptualization is a positive contribution to learning, as students added names and characteristics to competences and abilities that were previously unknown or underestimated. Also, the diversity of participants’ disciplines indicated multidimensional interest in this idea and supported the theory that this approach to competencedevelopment could be successful in all knowledge areas