The dialogic communication as a determinant for the teaching-learning processes that occur in rural training: a case study in a public extension located in São Paulo, Brazil

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir quais caminhos ou descaminhos estão sendo percorridos nos processos de capacitação rural de extensionistas e agricultores de algumas localidades do interior do Estado de São Paulo. Para tanto, a pesquisa aqui relatada teve como pressuposto analisar as práticas pedagógicas e os processos de comunicação que ocorrem durante as capacitações formativas entre extensionistas e agricultores, bem como entre formadores e extensionistas. Buscou-se, ainda, identificar as influências da comunicação nos processos de ensino e aprendizagem, a fim de se repensar práticas relativas à comunicação que devem ser utilizadas nos processos de ensino-aprendizagem. Para tanto, o método de coleta de dados foi o estudo de caso com viés fenomenológico. Os dados anunciam a necessidade da formação continuada com orientação de profissionais da pedagogia a fim de que mudanças efetivas possam ser realizadas.The aim of this paper is to discuss ways or diversions that are being explored in the processes of training rural extension workers and farmers in some localities of São Paulo state. To this end, the research reported here examined the pedagogical practices, and communication processes that occur during the formative training of extension workers and farmers, and between trainers and extension workers. It was further identified the communication influence in the teaching and learning in order to rethink practices related to the teaching-learning process. To this end, the data collection method was the phenomenological case study. The data herald the need of continuous training with teachers so that effective changes can be made

Planificación S-TDMA en redes submarinas de comunicaciones inalámbricas

Las redes submarinas de sensores son de importancia en la vigilancia y monitorización del medio submarino. Si se desea que las redes sean inalámbricas y con un alcance superior a unos pocos metros, las comunicaciones han de ser acústicas. El canal acústico submarino es de poca capacidad de transmisión y muy hostil en términos de ruido y desvanecimiento, ya que es selectivo en frecuencia. Además, estas redes inalámbricas plantean el problema añadido de la alimentación eléctrica. En redes de tráfico saturado, el procedimiento más eficiente de acceso al medio es TDMA espacial, por los menores “overheads” y la práctica ausencia de “handshaking”. En esta comunicación se presenta un procedimiento para la obtención de una planificación eficiente en redes submarinas de comunicaciones que utilicen TDMA espacial. El procedimiento está basado en dos algoritmos heurísticos encadenados y encuentra una planificación temporal eficiente para conseguir la misma cantidad de información de los sensores de cada nodo de la red.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Involución uterina en vacas Holstein en la provincia El Carchi, Ecuador

Objective. To evaluate the uterine involution in Holstein cow, under the conditions of production of the bovine dairy cattle in the province El Carchi, Ecuador. Materials and Methods. Sixty cows were selected and the time for uterine involution was determined by the recto-vaginal examination, ultrasonography and the clinical score of the regression of the uterus. The statistical parameters for each variable were determined. The effect of parity and body condition (CC) on complete uterine involution was evaluated by multifactorial ANOVA and the LSD test to compare means. Results. The clinical involution of the uterus, without taking into account the clinical score occurred at 29.86±7.71 days but considering this notation was at 42 ± 0.39 days. The uterine involution took place earlier (p<0.05) in cows with BCS ≥ 3.5 at birth than in those with BCS <3.5. In second calving cows it was at 25.17±1.32 days and it was extended (p<0.05) for the third and fourth calving. The occurrence of the dominant follicle and ovulation occur at 16.63 ± 3.83 and 27.76±7.71 days, respectively. Conclusions. The clinical involution of the uterus occurred in less time when the recto-vaginal examination was considered, compared when it was evaluated taking into account the clinical score. The uterine involution process is influenced by parity and body condition at calving.Objetivo. Evaluar la involución uterina en  vacas Holstein, en las condiciones de producción de la ganadería bovina lechera en la provincia El Carchi, Ecuador. Materiales y métodos. Se seleccionaron 60 vacas y se determinó el tiempo para la involución uterina mediante la exploración recto-vaginal, ultrasonografía y la puntuación clínica de la regresión del útero. Se determinaron los estadígrafos descriptivos de cada variable. Se evaluó el efecto de la paridad y la condición corporal (CC) sobre la completa involución uterina mediante un ANOVA multifactorial y la prueba LSD para comparar las medias. Resultados. La involución del útero, sin tomar en cuenta la puntuación clínica ocurrió a los 29.86 ± 7.71 días pero considerando esta notación fue a los 42±0.39 días. La involución uterina ocurrió más temprano (p<0.05) en las vacas con CC al parto ≥ que 3.5 que en las que la tenían < de 3.5. En las vacas de segundo parto fue a los 25.17 ± 1.32 días y se prolongó (p<0.05) en el tercero y cuarto parto. La aparición del folículo dominante y la ovulación ocurrieron a los 16.63 ± 3.83  y 27.76 ± 7.71 días, respectivamente. Conclusiones. La involución clínica del útero considerando el examen recto-vaginal ocurrió en menor tiempo que cuando se evaluó considerando la puntuación clínica. El proceso de involución uterina está iinfluenciado por la paridad y la CC al parto

Involución uterina en vacas Holstein en la provincia El Carchi, Ecuador

Objetivo. Evaluar la involución uterina en  vacas Holstein, en las condiciones de producción de la ganadería bovina lechera en la provincia El Carchi, Ecuador. Materiales y métodos. Se seleccionaron 60 vacas y se determinó el tiempo para la involución uterina mediante la exploración recto-vaginal, ultrasonografía y la puntuación clínica de la regresión del útero. Se determinaron los estadígrafos descriptivos de cada variable. Se evaluó el efecto de la paridad y la condición corporal (CC) sobre la completa involución uterina mediante un ANOVA multifactorial y la prueba LSD para comparar las medias. Resultados. La involución del útero, sin tomar en cuenta la puntuación clínica ocurrió a los 29.86 ± 7.71 días pero considerando esta notación fue a los 42±0.39 días. La involución uterina ocurrió más temprano (p<0.05) en las vacas con CC al parto ≥ que 3.5 que en las que la tenían < de 3.5. En las vacas de segundo parto fue a los 25.17 ± 1.32 días y se prolongó (p<0.05) en el tercero y cuarto parto. La aparición del folículo dominante y la ovulación ocurrieron a los 16.63 ± 3.83  y 27.76 ± 7.71 días, respectivamente. Conclusiones. La involución clínica del útero considerando el examen recto-vaginal ocurrió en menor tiempo que cuando se evaluó considerando la puntuación clínica. El proceso de involución uterina está iinfluenciado por la paridad y la CC al parto

Does hunting management affect non-game bird species? A study from Spain and Portugal

Resumen del trabajo presentado a la International Conference on Hunting for Sustainability: "Ecology, Economics and Society", celebrada en Ciudad Real (España) del 27 al 29 de marzo de 2012.In Europe, hunting and its associated management has been performed for centuries and has potentially had profound effects on landscapes and on the biodiversity they hold. We investigated the effect of hunting management on non-target bird species. For doing so, we explored the relationship between hunting management and different groups of birds of conservation concern. We conducted the study with two different approximations. In a first step, we assessed whether there were a higher abundance or species richness in hunting estates with game management than in those without management. This survey was conducted in 24 game estates in South Portugal in spring and summer 2001-2002. Twelve of the hunting estates performed game management activities for small-game species while the other 12 corresponded to areas open to hunters but where no game management was undertaken. Groups of species considered in the study were passerines, steppe-birds, ground-nesting birds and endangered birds. We modelled the abundance and number of species of each bird group in each estate according to the game management regime (with/without game management) and to habitat variables with GLMMs and selected the models with lowest AICc. Our results show that all groups of species considered (except passerines) were more abundant or more diverse in hunting estates where game management was performed. In a second step, we aimed to know if our previous result was also relevant in another study area, as well as to disentangle which management activities could specifically affect bird diversity. We surveyed 54 small-game hunting estates in Central Spain with varying management intensity in spring and/or summer 2006-2010. Groups of species considered were raptors and steppe-birds. Information about game management was gathered through interviews with game managers. We modelled the abundance and species richness of each bird group in each estate according to habitat and game management variables (type of hunting regime, artificial feeding, predator control, number of keepers and partridge abundance) with GLMMs and selected the models with lowest AICc. Our results showed that management implemented for red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa) did not seem to have neither positive nor negative effects on the abundance of their predators (raptors), but having good densities of partridges had a positive effect on the number of raptor species. However, some activities leading to improve red-legged partridges (in particular, supplementary feeding and predator control) had a positive effect on steppe-birds, which share habitat requirements with them. Therefore, we conclude that game management activities have positive effects on different groups of bird species in the Iberian Peninsula. All models are affected by habitat variables, so it is very important to maintain the habitat that allows those high densities and that has a positive effect on biodiversity.Peer Reviewe

BioDR : semantic indexing networks for biomedical document retrieval

In Biomedical research, retrieving documents that match an interesting query is a task performed quite frequently. Typically, the set of obtained results is extensive containing many non-interesting documents and consists in a flat list, i.e., not organized or indexed in any way. This work proposes BioDR, a novel approach that allows the semantic indexing of the results of a query, by identifying relevant terms in the documents. These terms emerge from a process of Named Entity Recognition that annotates occurrences of biological terms (e.g. genes or proteins) in abstracts or full-texts. The system is based on a learning process that builds an Enhanced Instance Retrieval Network (EIRN) from a set of manually classified documents, regarding their relevance to a given problem. The resulting EIRN implements the semantic indexing of documents and terms, allowing for enhanced navigation and visualization tools, as well as the assessment of relevance for new documents.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)Maria Barbeito” contract XuntaHUELLA financed by the Consellería de Sanidade (Xunta de Galicia de Galicia

C2-Domain Abscisic Acid-Related Proteins Mediate the Interaction of PYR/PYL/RCAR Abscisic Acid Receptors with the Plasma Membrane and Regulate Abscisic Acid Sensitivity in Arabidopsis

Supplemental Data: http://www.plantcell.org/content/26/12/4802/suppl/DC1© 2014 American Society of Plant BiologistsMembrane-delimited abscisic acid (ABA) signal transduction plays a critical role in early ABA signaling, but the molecular mechanisms linking core signaling components to the plasma membrane are unclear. We show that transient calcium-dependent interactions of PYR/PYL ABA receptors with membranes are mediated through a 10-member family of C2-domain ABA-related (CAR) proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana. Specifically, we found that PYL4 interacted in an ABA-independent manner with CAR1 in both the plasma membrane and nucleus of plant cells. CAR1 belongs to a plant-specific gene family encoding CAR1 to CAR10 proteins, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation and coimmunoprecipitation assays showed that PYL4-CAR1 as well as other PYR/PYL-CAR pairs interacted in plant cells. The crystal structure of CAR4 was solved, which revealed that, in addition to a classical calcium-dependent lipid binding C2 domain, a specific CAR signature is likely responsible for the interaction with PYR/PYL receptors and their recruitment to phospholipid vesicles. This interaction is relevant for PYR/PYL function and ABA signaling, since different car triple mutants affected in CAR1, CAR4, CAR5, and CAR9 genes showed reduced sensitivity to ABA in seedling establishment and root growth assays. In summary, we identified PYR/PYL-interacting partners that mediate a transient Ca2+-dependent interaction with phospholipid vesicles, which affects PYR/PYL subcellular localization and positively regulates ABA signaling.We thank Joerg Kudla (University of Munster) for kindly providing plasma membrane markers. This work was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (Grants BIO2011-23446 to P.L.R and BFU2011-25384 to A. A.; fellowships to L.R., R.A., and A.C.I.-G.; BES-2009- 016569; JAE-DOC contract to M.G.-G.) as well as the Senacyt-Ifarhu (Panama) (fellowship to M.D.).Rodriguez, L.; Gonzalez Guzman, M.; Díaz, M.; Rodrigues, A.; Izquierdo Garcia, AC.; Peirats-Llobet, M.; Fernández López, MA.... (2014). C2-Domain Abscisic Acid-Related Proteins Mediate the Interaction of PYR/PYL/RCAR Abscisic Acid Receptors with the Plasma Membrane and Regulate Abscisic Acid Sensitivity in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell. 26(12):4802-4820. doi:10.1105/tpc.114.129973S48024820261

Reporte de sostenibilidad como herramienta de gestión - CIME Ingenieros S.R.L.

CIME Ingenieros es una empresa con más de 30 años de experiencia en el sector industrial, enfocados prioritariamente en el sector de hidrocarburos. Las principales actividades que desarrolla están orientadas al mantenimiento, fabricación de tanques de almacenamiento de hidrocarburo, montaje e instalación de equipos electromecánicos, estructuras metálicas y de gas natural, apuntando a cumplir estándares de calidad , seguridad, salud ocupacional y medio ambiente, así como también, las buenas prácticas de gestión de proyectos. El éxito que ha logrado CIME Ingenieros con el transcurrir de los años se debe a la prestación de un servicio de calidad y al cumplimiento con los plazos de entrega en la implementación de los proyectos, sin tener ninguna observación de actos de desconfianza; esto ha generado la fidelización de los clientes con los cuales la empresa mantiene relación hasta el día de hoy. Si bien es cierto, estos fuertes vínculos comerciales se generaron con los primeros clientes en el inicio del ciclo de vida de la empresa, aún no se ha podido generar un crecimiento sostenido. El principal problema que se ha identificado es la falta de implementación de un plan de Gobierno Corporativo debido a que no existen lineamientos y normas organizacionales adecuadas que, a su vez respalden y soporten las funcionalidades actuales requeridas para el crecimiento sostenible de la empresa. Por tal motivo, el presente trabajo de investigación tiene como finalidad mostrar los problemas que está atravesando la empresa en la actualidad y sus posibles alternativas de solución. Para lograr ello, se ha establecido realizar un análisis interno y externo de la organización para tener bien definido el entorno en el que se desarrolla CIME Ingenieros, sus stakeholders y sus posibilidades de mantenerse en el tiempo como una empresa sostenible. Asimismo, se ha realizado un análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo de la organización, en función a determinar cómo se encuentra evolucionando en el tiempo y como va afrontando sus necesidades y las coyunturas sociales y políticas que atraviesa nuestro país. Debemos indicar que, como resultado de los análisis cualitativos y cuantitativos, se identifican los problemas claves de la organización y sus orígenes, así como también, se plantean alternativas de solución, las cuales pueden ser implementadas por la organización. La presente tesis plantea implementar un adecuado plan de gobierno corporativo, cuyo concepto hace referencia al conjunto de principios, normas y procedimientos que forman parte del funcionamiento y la estructura de la toma de decisiones en la empresa para la generación de valor. En este punto, se puede evidenciar que la empresa tiene una formación familiar y que, a lo largo de su evolución, no han tomado en cuenta la implementación de este sistema, pues se tiene la idea de que estos lineamientos solo lo deben tener las grandes empresas, dejando de lado muchas oportunidades que tiene la empresa para tener un crecimiento sostenido. La implementación de los principios de sostenibilidad ayuda a la organización a reducir costos, incrementar su productividad, tener nuevas oportunidades de negocios y crear nuevos empleos y genera una empresa más competitiva, por lo que realizar esta implementación para CIME Ingenieros, en la actualidad, es más que necesaria.CIME Ingenieros is a company which has over 30 years of experience in the industrial sector, focusing primarily on the hydrocarbons sector. The main activities are oriented to maintenance, manufacture of hydrocarbon storage tanks, assembly and installation of electromechanical equipment, metal structures and natural gas, aiming to meet standards of quality, safety, occupational health and environment, as well as good project management practices. The success that CIME Ingenieros has achieved over the years is due to the provision of a quality service and compliance with delivery times in the project’s implementation, without any observation of acts of mistrust; this has generated customer loyalty with which the company maintains a relationship until now. Although it is true that these strong trade links were generated with the first customers at the beginning of the life cycle of the company, it has not yet been possible to generate sustained growth. The main problem that has been identified is the lack of implementation of a Corporate Governance plan due to the fact that there are no adequate organizational guidelines and norms that, in turn, endorse and support the current functionalities required for the sustainable growth of the company. For this reason, the purpose of this research work is to reveal the problems that the company is currently going through and its possible solution alternatives. To achieve this, an internal and external analysis of the organization has been established in order to clearly define the environment in which CIME Ingenieros develops, its stakeholders and its possibilities of maintaining itself over time as a sustainable company. Likewise, a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the organization has been carried out, in order to determine how it is evolving over time and how it is facing its needs as well as the social and political conjunctures that our country is going through. We must point out that, as a result of the qualitative and quantitative analyses, the key problems of the organization and its origins are identified, as well as alternative solutions, which can be implemented by CIME Ingenieros. This thesis proposes to implement an appropriate corporate governance plan, whose concept refers to the set of principles, standards and procedures that are part of the performance and structure of decision-making in the company to generate value. At this point, it can be evidenced that the company has a family background and that, throughout its evolution, have not considered the implementation of this system, because it has the idea that these guidelines should only have large companies, leaving aside many opportunities that the company has to achieve sustained growth. Being sustainable helps the organization to reduce costs, increase productivity, have new business opportunities as well as create new jobs and generate a better competitive company, so this implementation for CIME Ingenieros is more necessary than ever.Tesi

Deslizamientos submarinos y tsunamis en el Mar de Alborán. Un ejemplo de modelización numérica

Texto científico de carácter divulgativo.Texto científico de carácter divulgativo en el que se presenta un trabajo de modelado matemático y simulación numérica de un hipotético tsunami producido en el Mar de Alborán por un deslizamiento masivo de materiales en el flanco sur de la Dorsal de Alborán.Instituto Español de Oceanografía. Universidad de Málaga

Molecular study of drought response in the Mediterranean conifer Pinus Pinaster Ait. : differential transcriptomic profiling reveals constitutive water deficit‐independent drought tolerance mechanisms

Adaptation of long‐living forest trees to respond to environmental changes is essential to secure their performance under adverse conditions. Water deficit is one of the most significant stress factors determining tree growth and survival. Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.), the main source of softwood in southwestern Europe, is subjected to recurrent drought periods which, according to climate change predictions for the years to come, will progressively increase in the Mediterranean region. The mechanisms regulating pine adaptive responses to environment are still largely unknown. The aim of this work was to go a step further in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying maritime pine response to water stress and drought tolerance at the whole plant level. A global transcriptomic profiling of roots, stems, and needles was conducted to analyze the performance of siblings showing contrasted responses to water deficit from an ad hoc designed full‐sib family. Although P. pinaster is considered a recalcitrant species for vegetative propagation in adult phase, the analysis was conducted using vegetatively propagated trees exposed to two treatments: well‐watered and moderate water stress. The comparative analyses led us to identify organ‐specific genes, constitutively expressed as well as differentially expressed when comparing control versus water stress conditions, in drought‐sensitive and drought‐tolerant genotypes. Different response strategies can point out, with tolerant individuals being pre‐adapted for coping with drought by constitutively expressing stress‐related genes that are detected only in latter stages on sensitive individuals subjected to drought