Freedom of speech in Rome

This paper reflects on the existence and exercise of freedom of speech in Rome. After asserting that Romans considered free speech as part of the liberties provided by the Republican regime, it is affirmed that it was not regarded as a human right but as a political entitlement. As nowadays, freedom of speech was valued not only for its importance to the speaker, but also for its relevance to the political system. The paper states that during the Republic, this right was intensively exercised trough both institutional and not institutional settings. Among the former were the contiones, the Senate, the courts and, surprisingly, the army. The latter were mainly the Forum, private associations and some kind of arts. The advent of the Empire deeply affected freedom of speech. Although it did not disappeared altogether, it ceased to be considered as a right (it was only tolerated) and became troublesome to the new political regime. Regarding its legal status, freedom of speech was never recognized as a right by statute. In contrast, legal restrictions evolved from a soft start under the XII Tables, to increasing severity at the end of the Republic, to straight harshness during the Empire

Libertad religiosa y no discriminación

This paper reflects on the increasing conflict between religious freedom and the right not to be discriminated against. It identifies several consequences and characteristics of considering this conflict as a clash between fundamental rights, such as the non-expendability of these rights, their suitability for accommodation and the need for a contextualized approach. Then, the paper analyses some particularities of religion that are relevant from an antidiscrimination perspective, such as its “uniqueness” claim, its dual protection through freedom of religion and non-discrimination on religious grounds, its dual dimension as an individual and collective phenomenon, the doctrinal complexities of an increasing number of religions, and the controversial distinction between conducts and believes.El artículo aborda el creciente conflicto entre el ejercicio de la libertad religiosa y el derecho a la no discriminación. Se identifican diversas consecuencias y características que surgen al tratar este problema como un conflicto entre derechos fundamentales, tales como su naturaleza no sacrificable, su capacidad de acomodación y la necesidad de una aproximación contextual. Luego se analizan ciertas particularidades de la religión que son relevantes desde la perspectiva antidiscriminatoria, tales como su alegación de “realidad única”, su protección dual mediante la libertad religiosa y la no discriminación por motivos religiosos, su doble dimensión colectiva e individual, la dificultad de lidiar con complejidades doctrinales de una variedad creciente de religiones y la controversial distinción entre conductas y creencias

Interventions for the treatment of xerostomia : a randomized controlled clinical trial

Xerostomia or dry mouth sensation corresponds to a common clinical problem that can significantly impair the oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL). Currently, there is a large variety of local agents available for the treatment of xerostomia, but

El padre de su pueblo ó Medios para hacer temporalmente felices a los pueblos, con el auxîlio de los señores curas párrocos : memoria premiada por la Real Sociedad Bascongada é impresa de su orden en Victoria en 1793

Copia digital : Biblioteca de Asturias "Ramón Pérez de Ayala" : Biblioteca Pública Estatal de Oviedo, 201

Tratados sobre la física del clero, y otros puntos útiles y provechosos de las ciencias naturales, impresos en el Memorial Literario de Madrid de 1787, 1789, 1790 y 1793...

Copia digital : Biblioteca de Asturias "Ramón Pérez de Ayala" : Biblioteca Pública Estatal de Oviedo, 201

Tragica escena, y dolorosa muerte de Dª. Blanca de Borbon, reyna de Castilla y muger del rey don Pedro

Copia digital. Valladolid : Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Cultura y Turismo, 2009-2010Palau, XXIII, 289, lo supone impreso en 1788Sign.: A5, B-D4, E

Biorational Insecticides and Diatomaceous Earth for Control Sustainability of Pest in Chickpea and Mexican Bean Weevil

Sustainability involving the conservation and/or enhancement of natural resources and environmental protection can be practiced with biorational insecticides or diatomaceous earth. Two researches were carried out; in one, the objective was to determine the efficacy of biorational insecticides in controlling chickpea leaf miner, Liriomyza sativae Blanchard, without completely inhibiting the presence of parasitoids of this pest. Biorational insecticides were chlorantraniliprole, cyromazine and spinosad, and conventional insecticide was chlorpyrifos, which were similarly effective to control adults and larvae of Liriomyza. Most chickpea production in 2012–2013 (1993.3 and 1806.8 kg ha−1) was obtained where chlorantraniliprole and chlorpyrifos were applied, respectively, and where spinosad and cyromazine were applied also exceeded the performance of absolute control (1213.6 kg ha−1). In 2013–2014, the increased production was 1621.9 kg ha−1 with chlorantraniliprole and 1556.3 kg ha−1 with chlorpyrifos, significantly different from the absolute control that produced 1136.5 kg ha−1. Earnings were MX$21011.7 in 2012–2013 and MX$ 16036.7 in 2013–2014 with chlorantraniliprole, while in the absolute control, earnings were MX$12305.1 and MX$ 11083.5. Chlorantraniliprole was the biorational insecticide that caused greater effect in the management of this pest of chickpea and crop yields. While in another research, the objective was to determine the efficacy of different doses of diatomaceous earth against Mexican bean weevil Zabrotes subfasciatus Boheman. An experiment was carried out in two phases: in first, one tested diatomaceous earth at doses of 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 g kg−1 of seed, with samples at 15, 30, 45, and 60 days after application (daa), while in the second, the doses were 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 g kg−1 and samples at 10, 20, 30, and 40 daa. The parameters evaluated were weevil mortality and seed germination. The results indicated that the doses from 0.8 to 5.0 g kg−1 of diatomaceous earth efficiently controlled the Mexican bean weevil. The treatments did not inhibit seed germination

La expresión dramática: un intento de globalización de la educación artística. Fundamentación y propuesta para la formación del maestro de educación primaria

Sin resume

Retinal pigment epithelium degeneration caused by aggregation of PRPF31 and the role of HSP70 family of proteins

Background Mutations in pre-mRNA splicing factor PRPF31 can lead to retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Although the exact disease mechanism remains unknown, it has been hypothesized that haploinsufficiency might be involved in the pathophysiology of the disease. Methods In this study, we have analyzed a mouse model containing the p.A216P mutation in Prpf31 gene. Results We found that mutant Prpf31 protein produces cytoplasmic aggregates in the retinal pigment epithelium and decreasing the protein levels of this splicing factor in the nucleus. Additionally, normal protein was recruited in insoluble aggregates when the mutant protein was overexpressed in vitro. In response to protein aggregation, Hspa4l is overexpressed. This member of the HSP70 family of chaperones might contribute to the correct folding and solubilization of the mutant protein, allowing its translocation to the nucleus. Conclusions Our data suggests that a mechanism haploinsufficiency and dominant-negative is involved in retinal degeneration due to mutations in PRPF31. HSP70 over-expression might be a new therapeutic target for the treatment of retinal degeneration due to PRPF31 mutations.This project has been financed through a) The ISCIII (Miguel Servet-I, 2015), co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), No CP15/00071. b) The European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program, under grant agreement No 634479. c) Regional Ministry of Economy, Innovation and Science of the Junta de Andalucía, No P09-CTS-04967.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio