Efektivitas Penggunaan Captopril Dalam Penanganan Hipertensi Pada Pasien Stroke Iskemik Di Instalasi Rawat Inap Rsup Sanglah Denpasar

Antihipertensi yang dominan digunakan dalam penanganan hipertensi pada pasien stroke iskemik di RSUP Sanglah adalah golongan ACEI yaitu captopril tunggal. Banyak diskusi telah difokuskan pada peran antihipertensi golongan ACEI dalam terapi stroke dimana tidak ada hasil signifikan yang terlihat dari penggunaan ACEI tunggal. Dengan demikian dilakukan suatu penelitian untuk mengetahui regimen terapi captopril tunggal yang meliputi dosis dan aturan pakai yang digunakan dalam penanganan hipertensi pada pasien stroke iskemik serta untuk melihat efektivitas terapi antihipertensi tersebut berdasarkan pencapaian target penurunan tekanan darah sistolik pasien sebesar 10 mmHg dalam 48 jam terapi. Penelitian ini bersifat observasional deskriptif dengan metode cross sectional. Subjek penelitian akan dikelompokkan berdasarkan regimen terapi captopril yang didapat. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan uji one way ANOVA dan fisher test menggunakan program SPSS. Terdapat 36 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan tidak memenuhi kriteria eksklusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 7 regimen captopril tunggal yang digunakan dalam penanganan hipertensi pada pasien stroke iskemik yaitu regimen 3x6,25 mg (2 pasien), regimen 2x12,5 mg (7 pasien), regimen 3x12,5 mg (2 pasien), regimen 2x25 mg (15 pasien), regimen 3x25 mg (8 pasien), regimen 2x50 mg (1 pasien) dan regimen 3x50 mg (1 pasien) yang diberikan per oral. Penilaian efektivitas terhadap 3 regimen terapi captopril yang dominan digunakan yaitu regimen 2x12,5 mg, 2x25 mg dan 3x25 mg menunjukkan bahwa regimen terapi captopril dengan dosis 2x25 mg memiliki efektivitas yang lebih baik dibandingkan 2 regimen lainnya dimana pencapaian target penurunan tekanan darah sistoliknya mencapai 33,33%. Namun secara statistik tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara pencapaian target terapi dengan perbedaan regimen tersebut (p=1,00) sehingga efektivitasnya dianggap sama

Rajeboning Infographic Project Based Outdoor Learning: Efforts to Use the Liang Ulin 2 Site as a History Learning Source

Interaction with many learning resources and motivated students are some of the indicators of ideal historical learning. The concept of Rajeboning (infographic project based outdoor learning) can be used to support historical learning. Furthermore, examining Liang Ulin 2 (which is still unexplored) and its artifacts can help to spur historical learning. This research involved the five steps of historical research (topic selection, heuristics, criticism, interpretation and historiography), as well as a qualitative research-based literature study. The archaeological and historical potential of Liang Ulin 2 can be reviewed from the findings of artifacts which include: stone artifacts (lithic), earthenware shards, jewelry, shells, bones, teeth, and ochre. The utilization of the Liang Ulin 2 Site as a historical source using the concept of Rajeboning consists of three stages: session 1 (orientation); session 2 (execution); and session 3 (appreciation). The three sessions are expected to motivate students and thus realize the real purpose of historical learning. Keywords: Liang Ulin 2, learning resource, Rajeboning, outdoor learning, projectbased learnin

Temporal Distribution of Sediment Yield From Catchments Covered by Different Pine Plantation Areas

Soil erosion and sedimentation are environmental problems faced by tropical countries. Many researches on soil erosion-sedimentation have been conducted with various results. Quantifying soil erosion-sedimentation and its temporal distribution are important for watershed management. Therefore, a study with the objective to quantify the amount of suspended sediment from catchments under various pine plantation areas was conducted. The research was undertaken during 2010 to 2017 in seven catchments with various percentage of pine coverage in Kebumen Regency, Central Java Province. The rainfall data were collected from two rainfall stations. A tide gauge was installed at the outlet of each catchment to monitor stream water level. The water samples for every stream water level increment were analyzed to obtain sediment concentration. The results showed that monthly suspended sediment of the catchments was high in January to April and October to December, and low in May to September. The annual suspended sediment fluctuated during the study period. Non-linear correlations were observed between suspended sediment and rainfall as well as suspended sediment and percentage pine areas. The line trend between suspended sediment and percentage of pine areas showed that the increase in pine areas decreased suspended sediment, with the slope of the graph is sharp at the percentage of pine areas from 8% to 40%, then is gentle for pine plantation areas more than 40%

Segmentasi Citra Panoramik Gigi Menggunakan Similaritas Antar Gray Level Berdasarkan Index of Fuzziness

Metode segmentasi citra berdasarkan teori fuzzy dan similaritas antar gray level mampu mengatasi masalah ambiguitas gray level dan pencahayaan yang tidak merata yang biasa ditemui pada citra medis. Namun, segmentasi dengan penentuan initial seeds-nya berdasarkan jumlah piksel minimum menghasilkan citra yang kurang baik saat diterapkan pada citra dengan kontras yang rendah, seperti yang terdapat pada citra panoramik gigi. Pada penelitian ini diusulkan metode segmentasi citra panoramik gigi dengan penentuan initial seeds berdasarkan index of fuzziness terbesar pada histogram. Histogram dibagi kedalam tiga daerah berdasarkan posisi dari pusat fuzzy region. Kemudian, proses pengukuran similaritas antar gray level yang berada pada fuzzy region dilakukan untuk menemukan threshold yang optimal. Performa metode yang diusulkan diuji menggunakan citra panoramik gigi. Evaluasi performa dilakukan dengan menghitung nilai Misclassification Error antara citra hasil segmentasi dengan citra ground truth. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa hasil segmentasi metode yang diusulkan pada citra panoramik gigi memiliki performa yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan hasil segmentasi dari metode Otsu

Indonesian Christian Young People Resisting the Dominant Discourses of Men as Desiring/Dangerous and Women as Non-sexual/Vulnerable

Contemporary feminist studies have demonstrated how the binary constitution of men as desiring/dangerous and women as non-sexual/vulnerable has enabled, normalised, and sustained intimate partner sexual violence against women. Such binary positioning has given rise to gendered religious and sexual subjectivities that severely constrain women’s sexual agency. However, only a few studies have explored the ways this binary might be contested in one’s becoming of a sexual subject, particularly the identification of alternative discourses one’s may draw upon to challenge the dominant one. Seeking to fill this gap, this chapter presents four vignettes of resistance which might rework this gendered positioning among young Indonesian Christians vis-à-vis intimate partner sexual violence. The analysis revealed that these young participants drew on various alternative discourses to which they have access – from feminist, religious, to same-sex sexuality – to give new meanings to men and women as sexual subjects and resist the normalisation of intimate partner sexual violence

Are men universally more dismissing than women? Gender differences in romantic attachment across 62 cultural regions

The authors thank Susan Sprecher (USA), Del Paulhus (Canada), Glenn D. Wilson (England), Qazi Rahman (England), Alois Angleitner (Germany), Angelika Hofhansl (Austria), Tamio Imagawa (Japan), Minoru Wada (Japan), Junichi Taniguchi (Japan), and Yuji Kanemasa (Japan) for helping with data collection and contributing significantly to the samples used in this study.Gender differences in the dismissing form of adult romantic attachment were investigated as part of the International Sexuality Description Project—a survey study of 17,804 people from 62 cultural regions. Contrary to research findings previously reported in Western cultures, we found that men were not significantly more dismissing than women across all cultural regions. Gender differences in dismissing romantic attachment were evident in most cultures, but were typically only small to moderate in magnitude. Looking across cultures, the degree of gender differentiation in dismissing romantic attachment was predictably associated with sociocultural indicators. Generally, these associations supported evolutionary theories of romantic attachment, with smaller gender differences evident in cultures with high–stress and high–fertility reproductive environments. Social role theories of human sexuality received less support in that more progressive sex–role ideologies and national gender equity indexes were not cross–culturally linked as expected to smaller gender differences in dismissing romantic attachment.peer-reviewe

Patterns and universals of mate poaching across 53 nations : the effects of sex, culture, and personality on romantically attracting another person’s partner

As part of the International Sexuality Description Project, 16,954 participants from 53 nations were administered an anonymous survey about experiences with romantic attraction. Mate poaching--romantically attracting someone who is already in a relationship--was most common in Southern Europe, South America, Western Europe, and Eastern Europe and was relatively infrequent in Africa, South/Southeast Asia, and East Asia. Evolutionary and social-role hypotheses received empirical support. Men were more likely than women to report having made and succumbed to short-term poaching across all regions, but differences between men and women were often smaller in more gender-egalitarian regions. People who try to steal another's mate possess similar personality traits across all regions, as do those who frequently receive and succumb to the poaching attempts by others. The authors conclude that human mate-poaching experiences are universally linked to sex, culture, and the robust influence of personal dispositions.peer-reviewe

Four plant defensins from an indigenous South African Brassicaceae species display divergent activities against two test pathogens despite high sequence similarity in the encoding genes

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Plant defensins are an important component of the innate defence system of plants where they form protective antimicrobial barriers between tissue types of plant organs as well as around seeds. These peptides also have other activities that are important for agricultural applications as well as the medical sector. Amongst the numerous plant peptides isolated from a variety of plant species, a significant number of promising defensins have been isolated from Brassicaceae species. Here we report on the isolation and characterization of four defensins from <it>Heliophila coronopifolia</it>, a native South African Brassicaceae species.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Four defensin genes (<it>Hc-AFP1</it>-<it>4) </it>were isolated with a homology based PCR strategy. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences showed that the peptides were 72% similar and grouped closest to defensins isolated from other Brassicaceae species. The Hc-AFP1 and 3 peptides shared high homology (94%) and formed a unique grouping in the Brassicaceae defensins, whereas Hc-AFP2 and 4 formed a second homology grouping with defensins from <it>Arabidopsis </it>and <it>Raphanus</it>. Homology modelling showed that the few amino acids that differed between the four peptides had an effect on the surface properties of the defensins, specifically in the alpha-helix and the loop connecting the second and third beta-strands. These areas are implicated in determining differential activities of defensins. Comparing the activities after recombinant production of the peptides, Hc-AFP2 and 4 had IC₅₀values of 5-20 μg ml^-1against two test pathogens, whereas Hc-AFP1 and 3 were less active. The activity against <it>Botrytis cinerea </it>was associated with membrane permeabilization, hyper-branching, biomass reduction and even lytic activity. In contrast, only Hc-AFP2 and 4 caused membrane permeabilization and severe hyper-branching against the wilting pathogen <it>Fusarium solani</it>, while Hc-AFP1 and 3 had a mild morphogenetic effect on the fungus, without any indication of membrane activity. The peptides have a tissue-specific expression pattern since differential gene expression was observed in the native host. <it>Hc-AFP1 </it>and <it>3 </it>expressed in mature leaves, stems and flowers, whereas <it>Hc-AFP2 </it>and <it>4 </it>exclusively expressed in seedpods and seeds.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Two novel Brassicaceae defensin sequences were isolated amongst a group of four defensin encoding genes from the indigenous South African plant <it>H. coronopifolia</it>. All four peptides were active against two test pathogens, but displayed differential activities and modes of action. The expression patterns of the peptide encoding genes suggest a role in protecting either vegetative or reproductive structures in the native host against pathogen attack, or roles in unknown developmental and physiological processes in these tissues, as was shown with other defensins.</p